-Energy and the National Goals - A Crisis of Confi.doc

演讲稿 energy and the national goals - a crisis of confi jimmycarter:energyandthenationalgoals-acrisisofconfidencegoodevening:thisaspecialnightforme.exactlythreeyearsago,onjuly15,1976,iacceptedthenominationofmypartytorunforpresidentoftheunitedstates.ipromisedyouapresidentwhoisnotisolatedfromthepeople,whofeelsyourpain,andwhosharesyourdreams,andwhodrawshisstrengthandhiswisdomfromyou.duringthepastthreeyearsivespokentoyouonmanyoccasionsaboutnationalconcerns,theenergycrisis,reorganizingthegovernment,ournationseconomy,andissuesofwarandespeciallypeace.butoverthoseyearsthesubjectsofthespeeches,thetalks,andthepressconferenceshavebeeincreasinglynarrow,focusedmoreandmoreonwhattheisolatedworldofwashingtonthinksisimportant.gradually,youveheardmoreandmoreaboutwhatthegovernmentthinksorwhatthegovernmentshouldbedoingandlessandlessaboutournationshopes,ourdreams,andourvisionofthefuture.tendaysago,ihadplannedtospeaktoyouagainaboutaveryimportantsubject-energy.forthefifthtimeiwouldhavedescribedtheurgencyoftheproblemandlaidoutaseriesoflegislativeremendationstothecongress.butasiwaspreparingtospeak,ibegantoaskmyselfthesamequestionthatinowknowhasbeentroublingmanyofyou:whyhavewenotbeenabletogettogetherasanationtoresolveourseriousenergyproblem?itsclearthatthetrueproblemsofournationaremuchdeeper-deeperthangasolinelinesorenergyshortages,deepereventhaninflationorrecession.andirealizemorethaneverthataspresidentineedyourhelp.so,idecidedtoreachoutandtolistentothevoicesofamerica.iinvitedtocampdavidpeoplefromalmosteverysegmentofoursociety-businessandlabor,teachersandpreachers,governors,mayors,andprivatecitizens.andthenileftcampdavidtolistentootheramericans,menandwomenlikeyou.ithasbeenanextraordinarytendays,andiwanttosharewithyouwhativeheard.firstofall,igotalotofpersonaladvice.letmequoteafewofthetypicalmentsthatiwrotedown.thisfromasoutherngovernor:“mr.president,youarenotleadingthisnation-yourejustmanagingthegovernment.”“youdontseethepeopleenoughanymore.”“someofyourcabinetmembersdontseemloyal.thereisnotenoughdisciplineamongyourdisciples.”“donttalktousaboutpoliticsorthemechanicsofgovernment,butaboutanunderstandingofourmongood.”“mr.president,wereintrouble.talktousaboutbloodandsweatandtears.”“ifyoulead,mr.president,wewillfollow.”manypeopletalkedaboutthemselvesandabouttheconditionofournation.thisfromayoungwomaninpennsylvania:“ifeelsofarfromgovernment.ifeellikeordinarypeopleareexcludedfrompoliticalpower.”andthisfromayoungchicano:“someofushavesufferedfromrecessionallourlives.”“somepeoplehavewastedenergy,butothershaventhadanythingtowaste.”andthisfromareligiousleader:“nomaterialshortagecantouchtheimportantthingslikegodsloveforusorourloveforoneanother.”andilikethisoneparticularlyfromablackwomanwhohappenstobethemayorofasmallmississippitown:“thebigshotsarenottheonlyoneswhoareimportant.remember,youcantsellanythingonwallstreetunlesssomeonedigsitupsomewhereelsefirst.”thiskindofsummarizedalotofotherstatements:“mr.president,weareconfrontedwithamoralandaspiritualcrisis.”severalofourdiscussionswereonenergy,andihaveanotebookfullofmentsandadvice.illreadjustafew.“wecantgoonconsumingfortypercentmoreenergythenweproduce.whenweimportoilwearealsoimportinginflationplusunemployment.”“wevegottousewhatwehave.themiddleeasthasonlyfivepercentoftheworldsenergy,buttheunitedstateshastwenty-fourpercent.”andthisisoneofthemostvividstatements:“ourneckisstretchedoverthefenceandopechasaknife.”“therewillbeothercartelsandothershortages.americanwisdomandcouragerightnowcansetapathtofollowinthefuture.”thiswasagoodone:“bebold,mr.president.wemaymakemistakes,butwearereadytoexperiment.”andthisonefromalaborleadergottotheheartofit:“therealissueisfreedom.wemustdealwiththeenergyproblemonawarfooting.”andthelastthatillread:“whenweenterthemoralequivalentofwar,mr.president,dontissueusbbguns.”thesetendaysconfirmedmybeliefinthedecencyandthestrengthandthewisdomoftheamericanpeople,butitalsoboreoutsomeofmylongstandingconcernsaboutournationsunderlyingproblems.iknow,ofcourse,beingpresident,thatgovernmentactionsandlegislationcanbeveryimportant.thatswhyiveworkedhardtoputmycampaignpromisesintolaw,andihavetoadmit,withjustmixedsuccess.butafterlisteningtotheamericanpeople,ihavebeenremindedagainthatallthelegislationintheworldcantfixwhatswrongwithamerica.so,iwanttospeaktoyoufirsttonightaboutasubjectevenmoreseriousthanenergyorinflation.iwanttotalktoyourightnowaboutafundamentalthreattoamericandemocracy.idonotmeanourpoliticalandcivilliberties.theywillendure.andidonotrefertotheoutwardstrengthofamerica,anationthatisatpeacetonighteverywhereintheworld,withunmatchedeconomicpowerandmilitarymight.thethreatisnearlyinvisibleinordinaryways.itisacrisisofconfidence.itisacrisisthatstrikesattheveryheartandsoulandspiritofournationalwill.wecanseethiscrisisinthegrowingdoubtaboutthemeaningofourownlivesandinthelossofaunityofpurposeforournation.theerosionofourconfidenceinthefutureisthreateningtodestroythesocialandthepoliticalfabricofamerica.theconfidencethatwehavealwayshadasapeopleisnotsimplysomeromanticdreamoraproverbinadustybookthatwereadjustonthefourthofjuly.itistheideawhichfoundedournationandhasguidedourdevelopmentasapeople.confidenceinthefuturehassupportedeverythingelse-publicinstitutionsandprivateenterprise,ourownfamilies,andtheveryconstitutionoftheunitedstates.confidencehasdefinedourcourseandhasservedasalinkbetweengenerations.wevealwaysbelievedinsomethingcalledprogress.wevealwayshadafaiththatthedaysofourchildrenwouldbebetterthanourown.ourpeoplearelosingthatfaith,notonlyingovernmentitselfbutintheabilityascitizenstoserveastheultimaterulersandshapersofourdemocracy.asapeopleweknowourpastandweareproudofit.ourprogresshasbeenpartofthelivinghistoryofamerica,eventheworld.wealwaysbelievedthatwewerepartofagreatmovementofhumanityitselfcalleddemocracy,involvedinthesearchforfreedom;andthatbeliefhasalwaysstrengthenedusinourpurpose.butjustaswearelosingourconfidenceinthefuture,wearealsobeginningtoclosethedooronourpast.inanationthatwasproudofhardwork,strongfamilies,close-knitmunities,andourfaithingod,toomanyofusnowtendtoworshipself-indulgenceandconsumption.humanidentityisnolongerdefinedbywhatonedoes,butbywhatoneowns.butwevediscoveredthatowningthingsandconsumingthingsdoesnotsatisfyourlongingformeaning.wevelearnedthatpilingupmaterialgoodscannotfilltheemptinessofliveswhichhavenoconfidenceorpurpose.thesymptomsofthiscrisisoftheamericanspiritareallaroundus.forthefirsttimeinthehistoryofourcountryamajorityofourpeoplebelievethatthenextfiveyearswillbeworsethanthepastfiveyears.two-thirdsofourpeopledonotevenvote.theproductivityofamericanworkersisactuallydropping,andthewillingnessofamericanstosaveforthefuturehasfallenbelowthatofallotherpeopleinthewesternworld.asyouknow,thereisagrowingdisrespectforgovernmentandforchurchesandforschools,thenewsmedia,andotherinstitutions.thisisnotamessageofhappinessorreassurance,butitisthetruthanditisawarning.thesechangesdidnothappenovernight.theyveeuponusgraduallyoverthelastgeneration,yearsthatwerefilledwithshocksandtragedy.weweresurethatourswasanationoftheballot,notthebullet,untilthemurdersofjohnkennedyandrobertkennedyandmartinlutherking,jr.weweretaughtthatourarmieswerealwaysinvincibleandourcauseswerealwaysjust,onlytosuffertheagonyofvietnam.werespectedthepresidencyasaplaceofhonoruntiltheshockofwatergate.werememberwhenthephrase“soundasadollar”wasanexpressionofabsolutedependability,untiltenyearsofinflationbegantoshrinkourdollarandoursavings.webelievedthatournationsresourceswerelimitlessuntil1973whenwehadtofaceagrowingdependenceonforeignoil.thesewoundsarestillverydeep.theyhaveneverbeenhealed.lookingforawayoutofthiscrisis,ourpeoplehaveturnedtothefederalgovernmentandfounditisolatedfromthemainstreamofournationslife.washington,d.c.,hasbeeanisland.thegapbetweenourcitizensandourgovernmenthasneverbeensowide.thepeoplearelookingforhonestanswers,noteasyanswers;clearleadership,notfalseclaimsandevasivenessandpoliticsasusual.whatyouseetooofteninwashingtonandelsewherearoundthecountryisasystemofgovernmentthatseemsincapableofaction.youseeacongresstwistedandpulledineverydirectionbyhundredsofwell-financedandpowerfulspecialinterests.youseeeveryextremepositiondefendedtothelastvote,almosttothelastbreathbyoneunyieldinggrouporanother.youoftenseeabalancedandafairapproachthatdemandssacrifice,alittlesacrificefromeveryone,abandonedlikeanorphanwithoutsupportandwithoutfriends.oftenyouseeparalysisandstagnationanddrift.youdontlikeit,andneitherdoi.whatcanwedo?firstofall,wemustfacethetruth,andthenwecanchangeourcourse.wesimplymusthavefaithineachother,faithinourabilitytogovernourselves,andfaithinthefutureofthisnation.restoringthatfaithandthatconfidencetoamericaisnowthemostimportanttaskweface.itisatruechallengeofthisgenerationofamericans.oneofthevisitorstocampdavidlastweekputitthisway:“wevegottostopcryingandstartsweating,stoptalkingandstartwalking,stopcursingandstartpraying.thestrengthweneedwillnotefromthewhitehouse,butfromeveryhouseinamerica.”weknowthestrengthofamerica.wearestrong.wecanregainourunity.wecanregainourconfidence.wearetheheirsofgenerationswhosurvivedthreatsmuchmorepowerfulandawesomethanthosethatchallengeusnow.ourfathersandmotherswerestrongmenandwomenwhoshapedanewsocietyduringthegreatdepression,whofoughtworldwarsandwhocarvedoutanewcharterofpeacefortheworld.weourselvesarethesameamericanswhojusttenyearsagoputamanonthemoon.wearethegenerationthatdedicatedoursocietytothepursuitofhumanrightsandequality.andwearethegenerationthatwillwinthewarontheenergyproblemandinthatprocess,rebuildtheunityandconfidenceofamerica.weareataturningpointinourhistory.therearetwopathstochoose.oneisapathivewarnedabouttonight,thepaththatleadstofragmentationandself-interest.downthatroadliesamistakenideaoffreedom,therighttograspforourselvessomeadvantageoverothers.thatpathwouldbeoneofconstantconflictbetweennarrowinterestsendinginchaosandimmobility.itisacertainroutetofailure.allthetraditionsofourpast,allthelessonsofourheritage,allthepromisesofourfuturepointtoanotherpath-thepathofmonpurposeandtherestorationofamericanvalues.thatpathleadstotruefreedomforournationandourselves.wecantakethefirststepsdownthatpathaswebegintosolveourenergyproblem.energywillbetheimmediatetestofourabilitytounitethisnation,anditcanalsobethestandardaroundwhichwerally.onthebattlefieldofenergywecanwinforournationanewconfidence,andwecanseizecontrolagainofourmondestiny.*inlittlemorethantwodecadeswevegonefromapositionofenergyindependencetooneinwhichalmosthalftheoilweuseesfromforeigncountries,*atpricesthataregoingthroughtheroof.ourexcessivedependenceonopechasalreadytakenatremendoustollonoureconomyandourpeople.thisisthedirectcauseofthelonglineswhichhavemademillionsofyouspendaggravatinghourswaitingforgasoline.itsacauseoftheincreasedinflationandunemploymentthatwenowface.thisintolerabledependenceonforeignoilthreatensoureconomicindependenceandtheverysecurityofournation.theenergycrisisisreal.itisworldwide.itisaclearandpresentdangertoournation.thesearefactsandwesimplymustfacethem.whatihavetosaytoyounowaboutenergyissimpleandvitallyimportant.pointone:iamtonightsettingacleargoalfortheenergypolicyoftheunitedstates.beginningthismoment,thisnationwillneverusemoreforeignoilthanwedidin1977-never.fromnowon,everynewadditiontoourdemandforenergywillbemetfromourownproductionandourownconservation.thegeneration-longgrowthinourdependenceonforeignoilwillbestoppeddeadinitstracksrightnowandthenreversedaswemovethroughthe1980s,foriamtonightsettingthefurthergoalofcuttingourdependenceonforeignoilbyone-halfbytheendofthenextdecade-asavingofoverfourandahalfmillionbarrelsofimportedoilperday.pointtwo:toensurethatwemeetthesetargets,iwillusemypresidentialauthoritytosetimportquotas.imannouncingtonightthatfor1979and1980,iwillforbidtheentryintothiscountryofonedropofforeignoilmorethanthesegoalsallow.thesequotaswillensureareductioninimportsevenbelowtheambitiouslevelswesetattherecenttokyosummit.pointthree:togiveusenergysecurity,iamaskingforthemostmassivepeacetimemitmentoffundsandresourcesinournationshistorytodevelopamericasownalternativesourcesoffuel-fromcoal,fromoilshale,fromplantproductsforgasohol,fromunconventionalgas,fromthesun.iproposethecreationofanenergysecuritycorporationtoleadthisefforttoreplacetwoandahalfmillionbarrelsofimportedoilperdayby1990.thecorporationwillissueuptofivebilliondollarsinenergybonds,andiespeciallywantthemtobeinsmalldenominationssoaverageamericanscaninvestdirectlyinamericasenergysecurity.justasasimilarsyntheticrubbercorporationhelpeduswinworldwarii,sowillwemobilizeamericandeterminationandabilitytowintheenergywar.moreover,iwillsoonsubmitlegislationtocongresscallingforthecreationofthisnationsfirstsolarbankwhichwillhelpusachievethecrucialgoaloftwentypercentofourenergyingfromsolarpowerbytheyear2000.theseeffortswillcostmoney,alotofmoney,andthatiswhycongressmustenactthewindfallprofitstaxwithoutdelay.itwillbemoneywellspent.unlikethebillionsofdollarsthatweshiptoforeigncountriestopayforforeignoil,thesefundswillbepaidbyamericans,toamericans.thesewillgotofight,nottoincrease,inflationandunemployment.pointfour:imaskingcongresstomandate,torequireasamatteroflaw,thatournationsutilitypaniescuttheirmassiveuseofoilbyfiftypercentwithinthenextdecadeandswitchtootherfuels,especiallycoal,ourmostabundantenergysource.pointfive:tomakeabsolutelycertainthatnothingstandsinthewayofachievingthesegoals,iwillurgecongresstocreateanenergymobilizationboardwhich,likethewarproductionboardinworldwarii,willhavetheresponsibilityandauthoritytocutthroughtheredtape,thedelays,andtheendlessroadblockstopletingkeyenergyprojects.wewillprotectourenvironment.butwhenthisnationcriticallyneedsarefineryorapipeline,wewillbuildit.pointsix:improposingaboldconservationprogramtoinvolveeverystate,county,andcityandeveryaverageamericaninourenergybattle.thiseffortwillpermityoutobuildconservationintoyourhomesandyourlivesatacostyoucanafford.iaskcongresstogivemeauthorityformandatoryconservationandforstandbygasolinerationing.tofurtherconserveenergy,improposingtonightanextratenbilliondollarsoverthenextdecadetostrengthenourpublictransportationsystems.andimaskingyouforyourgoodandforyournationssecuritytotakenounnecessarytrips,tousecarpoolsorpublictransportationwheneveryoucan,toparkyourcaroneextradayperweek,toobeythespeedlimit,andtosetyourthermostatstosavefuel.everyactofenergyconservationlikethisismorethanjustmonsense,itellyouitisanactofpatriotism.ournationmustbefairtothepoorestamongus,sowewillincreaseaidtoneedyamericanstocopewithrisingenergyprices.weoftenthinkofconservationonlyintermsofsacrifice.infact,itisthemostpainlessandimmediatewaysofrebuildingournationsstrength.everygallonofoileachoneofussavesisanewformofproduction.itgivesusmorefreedom,moreconfidence,thatmuchmorecontroloverourownlives.so,thesolutionofourenergycrisiscanalsohelpustoconquerthecrisisofthespiritinourcountry.itcanrekindleoursenseofunity,ourconfidenceinthefuture,andgiveournationandallofusindividuallyanewsenseofpurpose.youknowwecandoit.wehavethenaturalresources.wehavemoreoilinourshalealonethanseveralsaudiarabias.wehavemorecoalthananynationonearth.wehavetheworldshighestleveloftechnology.wehavethemostskilledworkforce,within