外研版初二英语上m9语法.ppt

,课本知识点,ThepopulationofChinaisabout1.37billion.Thepopulationofspis.表示sp有多少人。用sphasapopulationof也可以表示sp有多少人。形容人口（population）的多少用big/large或small当population作主语时，谓语动词用单数询问某地有多少人口有两种表达方法：1Whatsthepopulationof2.Howlargeisthepopulationof注意：询问某地有多少人口时不用howmany和howmuch,4.hundredthousandmillionbillion等前有数字，用单数形式threehundredhundredthousandmillionbillion等后有of，用复数形式thousandsof5.noise(n.)噪音noisy(adj.)吵的makenoise发出噪音voice指嗓音(人说话或唱歌)sound指一切声音,6.prepare准备preparefor为做准备preparetodosth准备去做某事.Eg：TheyarepreparingfortheNewYear.Wepreparetogofishingnextweekend.7.report报告；报道makeareport做报告reporter记者，通讯员notes名词复数形式“笔记随笔”makenotes记笔记,8.suchasforexample例如，比如suchas用来列举事物时,一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,as后面不可有逗号。Ilikefruit,suchasapples,bananasforexample用来举例说明某一论点或情况,一般只举同类人或物中的一个为例,作插入语,可位于句首、句中或句末。如:Ballgames,forexample,havespreadaroundtheworld.例如,球类运动已经在世界各地传播开了。,9.toomuch+不可数名词toomany+可数名词muchtoo+adj.太Eg：1.Ihavetoomuchhomeworktodotoday.2.Thatdressismuchtoolongforme.3.TherearetoomanypeopleintheshoponSunday.,10.increaseby+倍数百分数增加了to+具体增长后的数字增加到Eg:Thenumberofteachersincreasedbytwice.Thepopulationofthetownincreasedto50000.11.bebornin+年份地点Iwasbornin1985.of+家庭Hewasbornofarichfamily.,12.onefifth五分之一分数的表达法：分子在前，用基数词；分母在后，用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母需要用复数如：twothirds,13.quiet(adj.)安静的；宁静的quietly(adv.)安静地quite(adv.)相当，十分Eg：Pleasekeepquiet,myfatherissleepingnow.Sheisquitebeautifulinthatredcoat.,14.closeto=nextto靠近，挨着（farfrom远离）Eg：Hishouseisclosetoasupermarket.,15.moveto移到Eg：Moreandmorepeoplemovetothebigcitiestheseyears.,16.local当地的Eg：Thelocalgovernmentshoulddosomethingtosolvethewaterpollution.17.closedown关闭Thisshopcloseddownlastyear.,18Ittakessbsttodosth花某人多少时间干某事sbspend(s)stsmonsth(in)doingsthsthcost(s)sbsmsbpaysthforsm,19.publicservices公共服务apublictelephone公用电话inpublic在公共场合thepublic公众,20.infact事实上allovertheworld全世界facedanger面对危险facetoface面对面地makeaface做鬼脸asaresult结果是；因此,21.diefrom由于而死(死于外因，事故等)dieof因而死(死于内因，如疾病等)Eg：Hediedfromanaccident.Alotofpeoplediedofcancers,22.leave离开(某地)leavefor+目的地前往(目的地)启程去某地IllleaveforShanghainextweek.leave还有“忘了带，留下”之意Ileftmybookathome.,动词的不定式Todosth,当我们要表示“想做某事、需要做某事或决定做某事”时，就会出现两个动词连用的情况，这时应如何表达呢？,同学们自然会想到wanttodosth.,needtodosth.和decidetodosth.等表达方式。,1.不定式作主语不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。eg.Tohelpothersisgood.Itisgoodtohelpothers.帮助他人是件好事。TosurftheInternetisexcitingItisexcitingtosurftheInternet.上网是件令人兴奋的事。,2.动词不定式的语法功能：,注意：1.某些表示人的品行的形容词，如kind,good,nice,wrong,careless,wise,foolish,polite,clever,right,unwise,stupid,rude等作表语时，不定式前常可用of引出逻辑主语。ItskindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.Itwasstupidofhertomakesuchamistake.句型为：Itis+adj.ofsb.todosth.2.某些表事物性质的静态形容词，如：easy，difficult,important，neccessary，hard等等句型为：Itis+adj.forsb.todosth.ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.表语形容词的语义不同是区别for结构和of结构的最重要标志,Of和for的用法区别,1不定式for结构在句中可以作主、宾、表、定、状、同位语,不定式of结构只能在句中作主语。2.不定式for结构中的名词可以是人，也可以是无生命的事物,不定式of结构中的名词只能是人.3.作表语的形容词大多是表事物性质的静态形容词用for,如：essential，easy，difficult,important，等等，作表语的形容词大多是表示人物特征的形容词用of,如brave，careless，careful，clever，foolish，good，honest,2.不定式作宾语学习不定式作宾语时,要注意掌握后接不定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有:want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,help,offer,plan,decide,learn,start,hate,prefer等。Manypeopledecidenottothinkaboutit.许多人决定不去想这件事。Iwanttogotothelibrary.我想去图书馆。,注意：在一些复合宾语中，常用it代替不定式，作形式宾语，而把不定式放在后面。IfinditinterestingtostudyEnglish.,口诀（接不定式作宾语的动词）想要学习早打算（wantlearnplan）快准备有希望（preparehopewishexpect）同意否供选择（agreeofferchoose）决定了已答应（decidedeterminepromise）尽力去着手做（manageundertake）别拒绝别假装（refusepretend）失败不是属于你（fail）,接不带to的不定式的词：,感官动词see,look.at,watch,hear,listen使役动词make,let,have,bid（表示）,leave(=let)Hadbetter,wouldrather顺口溜：一感feel,二听hear,listento,三让have,let,make,四看see,lookat,observe,watch,3.不定式作定语不定式修饰名词或代词，起形容词的作用，在句中作定语，放在被修饰对象的后面，请看下列句子：Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.我有很多作业要做。Imhungry.Givemesomethingtoeat,please.我饿了,请给我点吃的吧。,注意：Manyanimalshavenoplace_（live)in.（作定语）Thenthepandaswillhaveenoughfoodtoeatandenoughplacestolivein.pandashavelessandlesslandtoliveon.,tolive,4.不定式作状语不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不定式作状语时，要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。IcametoBeijingtoseemygrandpa.我来北京看望我爷爷的。Imgladtomeetyou！很高兴见到你！Imtootiredtowalk.我太累了，走不动了。注意：Letsfindoutwhatwecando_them.（作目的状语）,5.不定式作补语(asksb.todosth.;tellsb.todosth.Wishsb.todosth.;wantsb.todosth.;wouldlikesb.todosth.;likesb.todosth.teachsb.todosth.makesb.dosth.(省to的动词不定式）不定式可以作补语，如：Shetoldmetobuyaticket.她让我去买张票。6.不定式作表语不定式还可以作表语，如：Ourdutytodayistocleanthefloor.今天我们的任务是打扫地板。Thedifficultyistostoppeoplekillingthem.,7.和某些形容词连用besure/happy/ready/sorry/afraid/glad/excited/surprisedtodosth.Heisveryhappytoseehiswife.Imsorrytotroubleyou.8.和疑问词who,what,when,where,which,how构成不定式短语做宾语。Idontknowhowtouseacomputer.Canyoutellmewhentostart?,Heistooexcitedtospeak.,=Heissoexcitedthathecantspeak.,=Sheissoyoungthatshecantgotoschool.,Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.,so(such)asto+v.如此以便tooto+v.太以致不,too+adj.+to+v.=,so+adj.+that,1.Itsdangerous_(play)onthestreet.2.Wegototheplayground_(play)football.3.Shewants_(buy)acomputer.4.Pandashavelessandlessland_(live)on.5.Ourjobis_(feed)theanimals.6.Mymotherasksme_(study)hard.7.Itisveryniceofyou_(help)mecarrythebox.8.Ifindithard_(learn)mathswell.9.Idontknowwhat_(do)next.10.Thisroomiscomfortable_(live)in.,Writesentences.,e.g:it/good/read/that/.1.it/nice/see/her/.2.it/bad/say/that/.,Itisgoodtoreadthat.,Itisnicetoseeher.,Itisbadtosaythat.,3.I/sad/findout/aboutthepanda/.4.he/happy/see/pandas/.5.we/surprised/learnthat/.6.I/sad/not/know/aboutthepanda/.,Iamsadtofindoutaboutthepanda.,Heishappytoseepandas.,Wearesurprisedtolearnthat.,Iamsadnottoknowaboutthepanda.,1._isdifficultforhim_thebook.A.That;readB.It;toreadC.This;toreadD.It;read2.Itsimportant_ontime.A.beB.tobeC.beingD.tobeing3.Pleasestop_arestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has4.Itsdangerous_(cross)thisstreetforlittleTom.5.Ifeltveryexcited_(see)somanyanimalsinthezoo.6.Whatmadeyoudecide_(change)job?7.Manyanimalsdonthaveenoughfood_(eat).8.Itsreallykindofyou_(help)mewiththework.,B,B,A,1.Itisgreat_(get)goodmarksatschool.2.Hehurriedtoschoolwithout_(have)breakfast.3.Ourcountryisbecoming_and_(strong).4.Imhappy_(have)anicepresent.5.Manypeopledecided_(do)somethingforthehomelesschildreninYushu.7.Itsveryniceofyou_metoyourbirthdayparty.A.inviteB.invitingC.toinviteD.invited8.Ourheadteachertoldus_lateagain.A.notbeB.tobeC.nottobeD.benot9.Ihavealotofhomework_thisevening.A.doB.todoC.doingD.done10.Doyouremember_(return)thebooktomorrow?11.Itsimpossible_(live)withoutwater.12.Itshard_(talk)withhim.13.Wehaveagoodbook_(read).14.Imhappy_(have)anicepresent.15.Theproblemis_(make)arightchance.,Butitissad_(think)aboutallthoseanimalsindanger.Thesurpingthingwas_(hear)howmanyanimalsareindanger.Itisntright_(kill)whalesorelephantsfortheirmeat.Butmanypeopledecide_(notthink)aboutit.Butitishard_(stop)thekilling.1.Tellhim_thewindow.A.tocloseB.notcloseC.close2.Itsimportant_thetruth.A.knowB.toknowC.knowing3.Iwasexcited_fromyou.A.hearingB.hearC.tohear4.Isthereanyone_to?A.talktoB.totalktoC.talking5.Itswrong_others.A.tolaughatB.laughatC.laughingat6.Thethingnowis_therightpeople.A.findoutB.tofindoutC.find,1Ihavealotofwork_AdoBtodoCdoing2Theteacheraskedtheboy_ontime.AcomingBtocomeCtocometo3Itseasy_thequestions.AtoanswerBansweringCanswered4Shewants_Englishwell.AtolearnBlearningClearned5Theanimalshavelessplace_.AtoliveinBliveinCtolive,1.Wouldyoupleasetellmenext?A.howtodoB.whattodoC.whatdoIdoD.howIshoulddo2.Thegirlwasnttoliftthatbookcase.A.toostrongB.enoughstrongC.strongenoughD.sostrong,一、单项选择。,3.Foratimehisgrandmotherfound_accepthisnewidea.A.hardB.ithardC.ithardtoD.itishardto4.Asshehasneverbeentherebefore,Illhavesomeonehertheway.A.showB.toshowC.showingD.showed5.Youdriveslowly.Theroadsarewet.A.hadratherB.wouldratherC.hadbetterD.wouldbetter,6.Nothingcanmakethebravesoldier_hiscountry.A.turnagainstB.toturnagainstC.toturntoD.turnto7.Intheolddaysitwasdifficultforthepoorajob.A.findB.tofindC.lookD.tolookfor,8.Whenlearningaforeignlanguage,tryourbestthespiritofit.A.masterB.holdC.takeholdofD.tomaster9.Itwasfoolishhiscarunlocked.A.forhimtoleaveB.ofhimtoleaveC.forhimleaveD.himtoleave10.Rememberthenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.A.puttingbackB.putbackC.toputbackD.willputback,11.Napoleonspokesoloudlyasto_infrontofhissoldiers.A.hearB.beheardC.listenD.belistenedto12.Televisionandradio_toknowwhatisgoingonallovertheworld.A.madeitpossibleofusB.havemadeuspossibleC.havemadeitpossibleforusD.havemadeitbepossibleforus,13.Ihaveenjoyedmyvisithere.Illbeverysorry.A.forleavingB.toleaveC.ifleavingD.tohaveleft14.IdontseehowIcouldpossiblemanage_theworkwithout_.A.tofinish；helpingB.tofinish；beinghelpedC.finishing；helpingD.finishing；beinghelped,15.Weallthinkitmostfoolish_thismistake.A.foryoumakingB.ofyoutomakeC.youtomakeD.foryoutomake16.Becauseofairpollutionbeinggreatlyreduced,thiscityisstill.A.agoodplacewhichtobelivedinB.agoodplacetoliveC.agoodplacetoliveinD.agoodplacetolivefor,17.Youwerelostonyourwaytothelake,werentyou?Yes,wewereandhadtostop_theway.A.askingB.toaskC.askedD.tobeasked18.Shefeltitagreatshamesoseverelyinthepresenceofherboyfriend.A.tocriticizeB.tohavecriticizedC.tobecriticizedD.tohavebeencriticized,19.Theadvertisementsaretryingpeopletobuythingstheydontreallyneed.A.persuadeB.persuadingC.bepersuadingD.topersuade20.Ifyouweremuchyounger,Iwouldarrangeasthegeneralmanager,forallyourcolleaguesspeakhighlyofyourwork.A.foryoutoworkB.ofyoutoworkC.foryouworkD.youwork,21.Onourwaybackhome,we_lunchbecausewefelthungry.A.stoppedtohaveB.stoptohaveC.stoppedhavingD.stopedtohave22.Ididnothingbut_mylessonslastSunday.A.gooverB.togooverC.wentoverD.goon,23.Idpreferhomeratherthanawalk.A.tostay;totakeB.stay;totakeC.tostay;takeD.stay;take24.Hewassofoolishhiscarunlocked.A.toleaveB.thatleaveC.astoleaveD.forhimtoleave,25.Yourflatneeds.Doyouwantmeitforyou?A.toclean;todoB.cleaning;doingC.cleaning;todoD.tobecleaned;doing26.Whatthescientistsaidgreatlyencouragedustheexperimentagain,buthissecretaryswordsdiscouragedustheexperimentanymore.A.totry;todoB.totry;fromdoingC.fortrying;fromdoingD.trying;todo,二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。,1.Doyouknowwhen_(have)apicnic?2.Sheisverybusytoday.Shehasalotofwork_(do).3.Ourteacheraskedus_(be)carefulwhenwecrossedtheroad.4.Itseasyforus_(answer)thequestion.,tohave,todo,tobe,toanswer,1.Wehavetworooms_,butIcantdecide_.(2010兰州中考)A.tolive,tochoosewhichoneB.lived,choosewhichoneC.tolivein,whichonetochooseD.live,whichone2.Hellusewhathehas_heranewdress.(2009无锡中考)A.boughtB.tobuyC.buyingD.beenbought,C,B,3.Mum,canIhavesomething_?Oh,dear.Youcanonlydrinksomewater.Thereis_inthekitchen.(2009?宿迁中考)A.todrink;nothingelseB.drinking;somethingelseC.toeat