宾语从句和表语从句.ppt

Grammar,名词性从句,Nounclauses名词性从句,1.Nounclausesastheobject(宾语从句),2.Nounclausesasthepredictive(表语从句),名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。,1.宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。引导宾语从句词有从属连词that，if，whether；连接代词who，whom,whose，what，which；连接副词when,where，Why,及how(many,much,often,long,far,old)等。,1.宾语从句在从句中作宾语的从句称作宾语从句that引导的宾语从句that仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。e.g.Hetoldmethatonesmokerinfourwilldiefromsmoking.2.whether引导的宾语从句连接词whether起连接作用，意为“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if只能引导宾语从句)在句中也不作任何成分。e.g.Idontknowwhethermanwillturnupintime,3.where,when,why,how引导的宾语从句连接副词where,when,why,how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。e.g.IshouldpointoutwhereIcantagreewithyou.HetoldmewhySarawaslateforthemeeting.Nooneknowshowtheyovercamethedifficulties.IrememberwhenIattendedanAmericanwedding.,HeknowsEnglish.HeknowsaboutEnglish.Heknows(that)Jimworkshard.whatwillhappentomorrow.whentheaccidenthappenedHedoesntknowif/whetherTomwillvisithim.,I)Ithink_womencanreachveryhighachievementsinmanyfieldsofscience.2)Iwonder_sherememberedthewonderfuldayswespenttogether.3)Doyouknow_theEnglishteacherwastalkingwith?4)Heasked_itbelongedto.5)Payattentionto_theheadmastersaid.6)Pleasetellme_hecamebackfromthesouth.7)Willyoutellme_Icankeepfitandhealthy,that,If/whether,whom,whom,what,when,how,(1)大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后：e.g.Hedoesntknowhowheshouldfinishhistask.(2)有些宾语从句前会有间接宾语：e.g.HetoldmewhatIshoulddoinmywork(3)不要忽略作介词的宾语的宾语从句:e.g.Oursuccessdependsonhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.,4.从句可以作某些形容词的宾语例如：Iamafraid(that)Ivemadeamistake.That引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced(确信),determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed(恼怒的),pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。,5.注意充当宾语从句的感叹句的特殊性.YoucanneverimaginehowgladIam.Youcanneverimaginewhatacleverstudentheis.,(6)如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语it而将从句放到补足语后面；e.g.Ithoughtitnecessarythathecamebackearlier.(7)否定的转移:若主句主语是第一人称,谓语动词为think,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：Idontthinkthislearningmethodisgoodtoyou.,(8)it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语:it不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.,7.注意事项：1.宾语从句时态要与主语保持相应的一致和变化。2.从句的语序要变为陈述语序。Whatsthematter/trouble?Whatswrong?语序不变Idontknowwhatisthematter.,whether/if,在宾语从句中whether和if都有“是否”的意思，一般情况下两者可以换用，但在介词之后，不定式之前，与ornot连用，Iwanttoknowif/whetherthenewsistrue.Hedoesntknowwhethertostayornot?,1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus_Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that5.Iwonder_heiscryingnow.A.thatB.whyC.howD.when,6.Haveyoufoundout_wecandoonHainanIsland?A.whatB.howC.ifD.whether7.Lilysaid_shehadfinishedhercomposition.A.ifB.thatC.whenD.where8.Idontknow_hestillliveshere.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.whether9.Couldyoushowme_?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation10.Mysistertoldhim_.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyoulive,11.Itissuggestedthatwe_totheparklater.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.hasgone12.Hedidntsay_ornothewouldbestayinghere.A.thatB.ifC.weatherD.whether13.Hedoesntknow_togotoBeijingornot.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.if/whether14Didshesayanythingabout_wecouldpasstheexam?A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.if/whether,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。引导表语从句的that不可省略。另外，常用的还有thereasonwhyisthat.和Itisbecause等结构。例如：,Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisiswhywecantgetthesupportofthepeople3)Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.,predicativeclause,ThePredicativeClause,1.表语从句在从句中作表语的从句称作表语从句that引导的表语从句that仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。e.g.Thechanceisthatonesmokerinfourwilldiefromsmoking.2.whether引导的表语从句连接词whether起连接作用，意为“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引导表语从句)在句中也不作任何成分。e.g.Thequestioniswhetherwhatmanwillturnupintime,3.where,when,why,how引导的表语从句连接副词where,when,why,how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。e.g.ThatswhereIcantagreewithyou.ThisiswhySarawaslateforthemeeting.Thisishowtheyovercomethedifficulties.MystrongestmemoryiswhenIattendedanAmericanwedding.,4.其他连词asif,because,as,asthough引导的表语从句because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/Itisbecause”结构中。asif/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。e.g.Itsoundsasif/thoughsomebodywasknockingatthedoor.Itisbecauseyouhaventwrittentomeforalongtime.,1.Goandgetyourcoat.Its_youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewereD.wherethere2.Theproblemis_hehasenoughtime.A.ifB.whetherC./D.that3.Hemadeapromise_hewouldhelpme.A.whatB.whenC.thatD.which4.Iremember_thisusedtobeaquietvillage.A.howB.whenC.whereD.what5.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.wherever,6.Whatthedoctorreallydoubtis_mymotherwillrecoverfromTheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why7.Goanggetyourcoat.Its_youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere8.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where9.Perseveranceisakindofqualityandthats_ittakestodoanything