外文翻译--消防车专用底盘的市场需求及配置方案分析

32 附 录 A Dedicated fire engine chassis configuration of the market demand and program analysis Mahoney.G Through research that the market volume of fire, in 2002 2 800 2003 3 000 vehicles in 2005 is expected to reach 4 000. Market demand for the vehicles on fire in the main, mainly for heavy vehicles. One medium (containing the quality of 8 10 t) accounted for 40% of the total market, heavy trucks accounted for 60% of the total market and market share of heavy vehicles a rapid upward trend. From the regional market, the domestic medium-sized southern region the use of fire engines, to occupy a market share of 60%, 30% heavy vehicles, and the remaining 10% of the basic 5 t for the following vehicles； the northern region accounts for 50% of medium-sized vehicles,40% of heavy vehicles, and the remaining 5 t for the following vehicles. Existing market structure fire in the cab, more a 4 door double cab seat, representing about 80% of the total market. However, products currently cab chassis is generally flat or semi-exclusive single-row, manufacturers of fire engines are hand-completed restructuring of the double cab, the interior after the reform with the original vehicle interior is not well unified. Configuration analysis of market demand (1) Cab: Request for two-row, four door, back door and the front door using the same two time as much as possible to wide, usually 800 mm 850 mm, in order to fast access to the members. At the same time, the crew requested that the second row seat is reserved space for installation of air-breathing apparatus, that is, away from the door after the hoardings column 200 mm 230 mm. Crew of 4 to 6 people. Indoor driving force control access to configuration control and configuration of hydraulic double flip device driver. (2) Engine: Model of the general requirements for engine power 157 172 kW； heavy vehicle engine power requirements for the 209 261 kW. To the whole engine with governor, at the same time in line with the European emission standard. - 33 (3) check of Power: Request for the sandwich-type configuration check our full power, and the output speed of about 3 000 rpm, the engine rotation to the same ratio to the specific requirements of fire pumps in accordance with the choice. Power output flange from the center is to be located in the center line of the location of the frame, the center distance of the frame on the plane about 160 mm. (4) fuel tank, reservoir pump and air filter arrangement of requirements: the requirements of small volume fuel tank, 180 200 L capacity, Drum. Reserve pump beam at the inside of the requirements for easy layout modification. Vertical space requirements of the installation of filters on the cab back, ease of maintenance and installation, at the same time, to meet the larger frame length can be used. (5) Wheelbase: medium requested about 4 500 mm wheelbase, wheelbase requirement for heavy vehicles in the 4 200 mm 4 500 mm (+ 1 350 mm). Existing resources and analysis of the situation (1) as a result of a fire engine chassis require more personalized, two-row seat cab chassis plant in general very difficult to accomplish, most of the existing manual system used to complete the cost of the basic restructuring of the 111 million. (2) typically selected from edge Qinchuan Gear Factory in Shaanxi Province and part of a fire engine manufacturers to develop their full power from the power device. Model of Power in price from 0.17 million yuan in about heavy vehicles access prices of Power 113 115 million. (3) are the installation of chassis imported fire engines from full power force, and made only Chongqing Isuzu chassis supporting the development of power from full power, and not to install. Domestic market demand for fire engines are about 3 000 per year. How to give full play to the advantages of Chinese-made chassis, revitalize national industry, vigorously develop the domestic fire engines, each chassis manufacturers should pay attention to the issue, otherwise, continuing influx of foreign brands in today, we will lose this part of the conversion of their own car market. Domestic and foreign production of foam fire engines used to provide the vehicle manufacturer General Motors chassis II. Its dedicated power devices include access, and water tank foam, equipment boxes, pumping stations, fire pumps, vacuum pumps, the proportion of mixed foam and fire guns and other devices of its working principle is: - 34 through the power device from the vehicle chassis engine power output and by a gear-driven fire pump through the fire pump and foam mixing ratio of water and foam device according to a certain percentage of mixed, and then by the gun fire and fire-fighting foam extinguishing gun smoke. Therefore, the request must meet certain chassis and engine power of the load. At present, national standards have been developed, based on the chassis selected GB6244286 generic fire engine chassis series, type, the basic parameters and technical requirements of the national standards for selection, according to industry standards GA3915292 General technical requirements foam fire engine, the requirements of Appendix A choice of engines power to meet its requirements. Power output device Domestic use of foam fire engines from the main vehicle engine power means taking power device layout can take many forms, and heavy-duty foam fire engines currently in use are placed in power will take the main transmission between the clutch and get the sandwich-type force device (front-transmission) and check power transmission shaft (rear-mounted transmission) in two forms. Check the use of sandwich-type main engine power will take out the power transmitted by the drive system of pumps, pump-driven operation, can achieve double-action feature. At present, most of the use of this form. Water - foam tank Water - foam tank foam fire extinguishing agent fire engines on the loading of the main container, in accordance with the development of the industry can fire a variety of materials, on behalf of the last century the use of glass fiber reinforced polyester material, now that the application of the progressive development of high-quality carbon steel materials and stainless steel materials. Equipment boxes The use of equipment boxes welded steel frame structure, with enough aluminum alloy or steel plate. In recent years, the equipment layout of the internal structure of box can be divided into four types: fixed-delimited file type, that is, separated by files of various framework is fixed, non-regulation； activities separated by file type, that is separated from the framework of the production of aluminum alloy profiles located within the Des pattern plate, adjustable interval； sliding drawer type, that is, the production of push-pull drawer for easy access to the form of equipment, but the production of more complex； rotating frame, - 35 the separation of file system is about to make a small rotating equipment can be separated files, foreign The import of this form of use of fire engines. At present, the new models made use of the integrated use of four forms, Structured according to the actual layout. Fire pump At present, the foam fire engine fire pump configuration can be broadly classified into three categories: pressure pump (low pressure pump), or single-stage centrifugal pump, such as BS30, BS60, BS40, R100 (imported), etc.； in the combination of low pressure fire pumps, multi-stage centrifugal pump. If 20110/20 140,20110 / 30 160,20110 / 35170, KSP1000 (imported), etc.； high and low pressure pump, such as the NH20, NH30 (imports), 40110 / 6 130 and so on. Equipped with fire pumps in the home and post the minutes. Pumping Station Pumping station and equipment, like me, more than just type the framework for the whole welded structure, in addition to placement outside the fire pump, general pump is also available with space-related equipment in order to operate the fire department. Keyword: Fire engines； chassis； market demand - 36 附 录 B 消防车专用底盘的市场需求及配置方案分析 Mahoney.G 经过调研了解到 ,消防车辆的市场总量 ,2002 年为 2 800辆 ,2003 年 3 000辆 ,预计2005 年将达到 4 000辆。市场对消防车辆的需求主要以中、重型车辆为主。其中中型车 (载质量 8 10 t) 占市场总量的 40 % ,重型车占市场总量的 60 % ,并且重型车的市场份额呈现迅速上升的趋势。从区域市场来看 ,国内南方地区中型消防车的使用 ,占据市场份额达 60 % ,重型车辆占 30 % ,其余 10 %基本为 5 t 以下的车辆 ；北方地区中型车辆占 50 % ,重型车占 40 % ,其余为 5 t 以下的车辆。现有市场消防车辆的驾驶室结构 ,较多地采用 4开门双排座驾驶室 ,约占市场总量的 80 %。但目前国内底盘产品的驾驶室一般为平头排半或单排 ,消防车生产厂家均采用手工完成双排驾驶室的改制 ,改制后的内饰不能与原车内 饰很好地统一。 市场需求配置分析 (1) 驾驶室 :要求双排、四开门 ,后门采用与前门一样的 2 级踏步 ,尽量要宽 ,一般为800 mm 850 mm ,以便成员快速进出。同时要求在第二排乘员座位后预留安装空气呼吸器的空间 , 即后围板距离门立柱 200 mm 230 mm。乘员 4 6 人。驾驶室内要配置取力控制操纵机构及配置双缸液压驾驶室翻转装置。 (2) 发动机 :中型车发动机功率一般要求为 157 172 kW；重型车发动机功率要求为 209 261 kW。发动机要配全程调速器 ,同时符合欧 排放标准。 (3) 取力器 :要求配置夹心式全功率取力器 ,输出转速 3 000 rpm 左右 ,旋向与发动机一致 ,具体速比可按照消防泵的要求选择。取力器输出法兰中心要位于车架中心线位置 ,中心距车架上平面 160 mm 左右。 (4) 油箱、储气筒、空滤器的布置要求 :油箱要求小容积 ,180 200 L 容量 ,筒式。储气筒要求置于大梁内侧 ,便于改装布置。空滤器要求立式安装于驾驶室后部 ,便于维修和安装 ,同时 ,最大限度地满足车架较大的可利用长度。 - 37 (5) 轴距 :中型车要求轴距 4 500 mm 左右 ,重型车要求轴距在 4 200 mm 4 500 mm( + 1 350 mm) 。 现有资源的状况及分析 (1) 由于消防车底盘的个性化要求较多 ,驾驶室双排座一般底盘厂很难完成 ,目前大多数采用手工改制完成 ,改制成本基本在 111 万元左右。 (2) 取力器一般选用陕西秦川齿轮传动厂及部分消防车厂家自已研制的全功率取力器。中型车取力器价格在 017 万元左右 ,重型车取力器价格在 113 115万元左右。 (3) 进口消防车底盘均加装全功率取力器 ,国产底盘仅有重庆五十铃配套开发全功率取力器 ,但未加装。 开发建议 国产消防车的市场需求均在每年 3 000辆左右。如何充分发挥 国产底盘的优势 ,振兴民族工业 ,大力发展国产消防车 ,是每个底盘生产厂家应该关注的问题 ,否则 ,在国外品牌不断涌进的今天 ,我们将丧失本该属于自己的一部分改装车市场。 国内外生产的泡沫消防车多采用整车生产厂家提供的二类通用汽车底盘。其专用装置主要包括取力器、水泡沫液罐、器材箱、泵房、消防泵、真空泵、泡