世纪商务英语阅读教程专业篇1第四版Unit.ppt

UNIT7FormsofBusinessOwnership,Jane,7-1,UnitIntroduction,Therearethreebasicformsofownershipstructuresforbusinessentities:soleproprietorship,partnershipandthediagramofthecompanysorganizationalstructure.Almostalllargeandmedium-sizedbusinessesareorganizedascorporations,suchasGeneralMotors,BankofAmerica,MicrosoftandGeneralElectric.Butnotallbusinessesarecorporations.Forinstance,smallventurescanbeownedandmanagedbyasingleindividual.Thisiscalledsoleproprietorship.Inothercases,severalpeoplemayjointoownandmanageapartnership.,7-1,UnitIntroduction,Inthisunit,wepreparedforyouthreetextsand11taskswhichhelpyoumasterthecharacteristicsandthebasicconceptofthethreeformsofbusinessorganization,andunderstandtheiradvantagesanddisadvantages.Thefollowingwordsandexpressionsareusedtodescribebusinessownership.Tryingtofigureouttheirmeaningwillincreaseyourvocabulary.WhatsthebestwaytoknowthemifyoucantremembersomeofthemwhenyoudoTask1?YoumaylookthemupinanEnglishBusinessDictionary.,7-1,ProfessionalWordsSecondly,limitedpartnershavenocontrolovertheeverydaymanagementofthepartnership,whereas,generalpartnershaveavoiceintheeverydaymanagement.,翻译,第一，在有限合伙企业中一个或更多的合伙人只有有限责任，然而，在一般合伙企业中所有的合伙人都是负无限责任的；第二，有限合伙人对企业的日常管理无权干涉，而普通合伙人（一般合伙人）均有权参与企业的日常管理。,haveavoiceinsth,有发言权；有发表意见的权利；有影响e.g.Employeesshouldhaveavoiceinthedecision-makingprocess.雇员在决策的过程中应该有发言权。,7-3,TextB,3Undermostcircumstances,thecreationofapartnershipisdesirabletohaveanagreementinwriting,referredtoasarticlesofpartnership.Theexistenceofsuchanagreementoftenhelpstoavoidconflictbyclarifyingtherightsandresponsibilitiesoftheparties.,翻译,在许多情况下，合伙企业的成立是需要一个书面的协议作为合伙企业的章程。这个协议通过明确当事人的权利与义务来避免冲突。,7-3,TextB,4Beingapartnerinapartnershiphasseveraladvantagesanddisadvantages.,翻译,作为合伙企业的普通人合伙人，也有其优点和缺点。,7-3,TextB,AdvantagesCreditRating5Whenabusinesshasseveralpartners,thepartnershipcanrelyonacombinationoftalentsandonpooledfinancialresources.Partnershipstendtobelargerthansoleproprietorshipsandthereforehavegreaterearningpowerandbettercreditratings.,翻译,优点1.信用等级当一个企业有几个合伙人时，那么，这种合伙关系就可以使人才集中、资金汇集。合伙企业比独资企业规模要大，因此其具备更强的创造利润的能力和更好的信用等级。,relyon/uponsb/sth,依赖；依靠+to+-inge.g.Thesedayswerelyheavilyoncomputerstoorganizeourwork.现在，我们在很大程度上依赖电脑来安排我们的工作。e.g.Theindustryreliesonthepriceofrawmaterialsremaininglow.这一产业考的是原料便宜，不涨价。信任；信赖+toe.g.Youcanrelyonmetokeepyoursecret.你可以相信我一定会为你保守秘密。Hecantbereliedontotellthetruth.不能奢望他说真话。,7-3,TextB,Specialization6Partnershipscanprovidediverseskillsbecausepartnersareabletospecializeintheirareasofexpertise.Thismakesitpossibleforthebusinesstoberunbyamanagementteamofspecialists.Theserviceofferedbyadiverseteamisofhigherqualitythanthatprovidedbyoneperson.2,翻译,2.专业化合伙企业具有多样化的技能，因为其合伙人在各自的领域中各有专长，这就使得企业由一支专业化的管理队伍来经营管理。多样化的团队提供的服务质量比个人提供的服务质量高。,diverse,adj.不同的；相异的；多种多样的；形形色色的e.g.Peoplefromdiversecultures不同文化背景的人e.g.Myinterestsareverydiverse.我的兴趣非常广泛。,expertise,n.(insth/indoingsth)专门知识；专门技能；专长fessional/scientific/technical,etc.expertise专业、科学、技术等知识e.g.Theyhaveconsiderableexpertiseindealingwithoilspills.他们在处理溢油问题方面非常在行。e.g.Wehavetheexpertisetohelpyourunyourbusiness.我们有帮助你经营自己业务的专门知识。,7-3,TextB,DecisionMaking7Smallpartnershipscanreactmorequicklytochangesinthebusinessenvironmentthancanlargepartnershipsandcorporations.Relativelyfastreactionsarepossiblebecausethepartnersareinvolvedinday-to-dayoperationsandcanmakedecisionsquicklyafterconsultation.3,翻译,3.决策和大型合伙企业和公司相比，小型的合伙企业能更快地顺应商业环境而做出改变。相对而言，（合伙企业）有可能做出快速反应，这是因为合伙人要处理日常工作，因而能在相互协商后很快做出决定。,consultationn.,1）咨询；商讨；磋商e.g.Thedecisionwastakenaftercloseconsultationwithlocalresidents.这项决定是在与当地居民仔细磋商后作出的。2）商讨会；协商会e.g.extensiveconsultationsbetweenthetwocountries两国之间的广泛磋商3）（向专家请教的）咨询会；（尤指）就诊4）查找；查阅；查看e.g.Thereisalargecollectionoftextsavailableforconsultationon-screen.有大量的文本可通过电脑查阅。,7-3,TextB,RegulatoryControls8Likeasoleproprietorship,apartnershiphasfewerregulatorycontrolsaffectingitsactivitiesthandoesapubliccorporation.,翻译,4.规章制度的制约和独资企业一样，合伙企业的经营受到规章制度的制约要少于上市公司受到的制约。,adj.（对工商业）具有监管权的，监管的e.g.regulatorybodies/authorities/agencies监管部门/机构,7-3,TextB,DistributionofProfits9Partnersinvestinthebusinessandprofitsearnedbythebusinessaredistributedtothepartnersinthe.Inacorporation,theBoardofDirectorsdecideswhatpercentoftheprofitstopaytheownerseachyear.,翻译,5.利润分配合伙人对企业进行投资，企业赚来的钱则按比例分给合伙人。在一个公司里，董事会决定每年把多少个百分比的利润分配给股东们。,proportions,proportion比例,7-3,TextB,DisadvantagesResponsibilityforliabilitiesofthepartnership10Ifthebusinessfails,thepartnerswillbepersonallyresponsibletopayallofthedebtsandobligationsofthepartnership.Thatmeansifyouareapartnerinapartnershipyouareliableforyourpartnersmistakesaswellasyourown.4,翻译,缺点1.为合伙企业的债务负责如果生意失败，合伙人要负责偿还企业所有的债务。这就意味着，如果你是其中的一个合伙人，你既要为自己的错误负责，也要为其他合伙人的错误负责。,obligationn.,1）U义务；之策；责任e.g.Youareundernoobligationtobuyanything.你不必非买什么东西不可。e.g.Shedidnotfeelunderanyobligationtotellhimthetruth.她觉得没有义务告诉他实情。2）C（已承诺的或法律等规定的）义务，责任e.g.tofulfilyourlegal/professional/financialobligations履行法律/职业/财务责任e.g.Wehaveamoralobligationtoprotecttheenvironment.我们有道义责任保护环境。,7-3,TextB,Divisionofprofits11Sharingtheriskmeanssharingtheprofitandthatcancauseconflicts.Forexample,twopeopleformapartnership,oneputsinmoremoneyandtheotherputsinmorehours.Eachmayfeelinaskingforabiggershareoftheprofits.,翻译,2.利润的分割共担风险意味着利润的共享，这可能会引起矛盾。比如，两个人组建一个合伙企业，一方投资大一些，另一方则投入更多的时间，双方都会合理地认为他应该得到更多的利润。,justified,justified有正当理由的,7-3,TextB,Disagreementsamongpartners12Becausedisagreementsovermoneyarejustoneexampleofpotentialconflictsinapartnership,andalltermsofpartnershipshouldbespelledoutinwritingtoprotectallpartiesandtominimizemisunderstandings.5,翻译,3.合伙人之间有分歧因为金钱上的分歧只是合伙企业中潜在的矛盾之一，因此，有关合伙的所有条款都要清楚地写出来，目的是保护每个合伙人的权益和将误解减少到最低程度。,spellsthout,1）解释明白；讲清楚e.g.YouknowwhatImeanImsureIdontneedtospellitout.你明白我的意思肯定不需要我解释了。e.g.Letmespelloutwhyweneedmoremoney.我来说说清楚，我们为什么还需要钱。2）用字母拼；拼写e.g.Couldyouspellthatnameoutagain?你能不能把那个名字再拼一次？,7-3,TextB,Difficultyinterminatingthepartnership13Onceyouhaveyourselftoapartnership,itisnoteasytogetoutofit.Ofcourseyoucanendapartnershipbyjustsaying“Iquit”.Forexample,inatwo-personpartnershipifonepartner,theliabilitieswouldbepaidoffandtheassetsdividedbetweenthepartners.,翻译,4.很难终止合作关系一旦你加入了合伙企业，要退出并非易事。当然你可以说“我不干了”然后就退出。例如，一个两人经营的企业，如果一方撤出不干了，合伙人就要还清所有的债务，分割所有的资产。,committed,commit提交,withdraws,withdraw撤回撤退,7-3,Notes,1Itinvolvesthepoolingofcapitalresourcesandbusinessorprofessionaltalentsoftwoormoreindividualswiththegoalofmakingaprofit.合伙企业是资本资源的汇集和两个或两个以上的专业人才的汇集,其目标是获取利润。2Theserviceofferedbyadiverseteamisofhigherqualitythanthatprovidedbyoneperson.多样化的团队提供的服务质量比个人提供的服务质量高。,7-3,Notes,3Relativelyfastreactionsarepossiblebecausethepartnersareinvolvedindaytodayoperationsandcanmakedecisionsquicklyafterconsultation.相对而言,(合伙企业)有可能做出快速反应,这是因为合伙人要处理日常工作,因而能在相互协商后很快做出决定。4Thatmeansifyouareapartnerinapartnershipyouareliableforyourpartnersmistakesaswellasyourown.这就意味着,如果你是其中的一个合伙人,你就既要为自己的错误负责,也要为其他合伙人的错误负责。,7-3,Notes,5Becausedisagreementsovermoneyarejustoneexampleofpotentialconflictsinapartnership,alltermsofpartnershipshouldbespelledoutinwritingtoprotectallpartiesandtominimizemisunderstandings.因为金钱上的分歧只是合伙企业中潜在的矛盾之一，所以，有关合伙的所有条款都要清楚地写出来，目的是保护每个合伙人的权益并且将误解减少到最低程度。,7-3,Task7,Asyoubegintoreadatext,concentratingonsearchingforthetopicsentenceofparagraphsisessentiallyaprocess.NowreadTextBagainquickly.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalse.,Thepartnershipformoforganizationisevensimplerthanthesoleproprietorship2.Apartnershipexistswhentwoormorepersonsjointlyownabusinessandsharetheprofitsandlosses.,F,T,7-3,Task3,3.Therearegeneralpartnersandlimitedpartnersinapartnership.4.Oneormorepartnersinthelimitedpartnershiphaveunlimitedliability.5.Allpartnersinageneralpartnershiphavelimitedliability.6.Generalpartnershavenocontrolovertheeverydaymanagementofthepartnership.,T,F,F,F,7-3,Task3,7.Limitedpartnershaveavoiceintheeverydaymanagement.8.Sincepartnersareabletospecializeintheirareasofexpertise,partnershipscanprovidediverseskills.9.Apartnerinapartnershipisliablefornotonlypartnersmistakesbutalsohis/herown.10.Inatwo-personpartnershipifonepartnerwithdraws,theliabilitieswouldbepaidoffandtheassetsdividedbetweenthepartners.,F,T,T,T,7-3,Task8,Now,again,justaswhatyoudidinTask4,fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelowbyguessingthemeaningsofthemissingwords.Youmaydeducethemissingwordsthroughcontextualclues,namely,throughthewordsbeforeorafterthewordsyoumaynotknow.,conflictjustifyquitterminatewithdrawproportioninvestobligationcapitalcommit,7-3,Task8,She_allhersavingsandleftthecountry.2.Yourstatementisin_withtherestoftheevidence.3.Thereweremanyconflictsinourcombinationwiththatcompany,sowe_thecontractlastyear.,withdrew,conflict,terminated,7-3,Task8,4.Damagingthegoodsputsyouunderan_tobuythem.5.He_hisjobforabetterpositionlastyear.6.Thecompanyhas_$10millioninaForeignChinesejointventure.7.She_herselftourbanpublicutility,obligation,quitted,invested,committed,7-3,Task8,8.Afixed_ofthefundisinvestedinprivatebusiness.9.Mr.Wanghasinvestedmuch_intheenterprise.10.Asthegoodsweredamagedshefelt_inaskingforhermoneyback.,proportion,capital,justified,7-3,Task9,Now,basedontheknowledgeyouhavelearnedinTextAandsolvesqualityissuesasquicklyaspossiblewit