《高英Lesson》PPT课件.ppt

Lesson9TheOnesWhoWalkAwayfromOmelas,UrsulaLeGuin,Objectivesofteaching:,1.Tounderstandthetextproperly;2.Toanalysethestructureofthetext;3.Tounderstandthedeepermeaningofthetext;4.Toappreciatethelanguagefeatures,I.Backgroundinformation,1.AbouttheauthorUrsulaK.LeGuin，美国当代重要奇幻、科幻、女性主义作家。1929年出生于美国加州的柏克莱，1952年获哥伦比亚大学文学硕士，父亲AlfredL.Kroeber是人类学家，母亲TheodoraKroeber是名民俗学者和作家。良好的家教对她以后的成长产生了积极的影响，她先在著名的女子大学拉德克利夫学院取得了学士学位，然后又在哥伦比亚大学取得法国、意大利的文艺复兴时期文学专业的硕士学位，并获得全额奖学金赴巴黎留学。与历史学家CharlesLeGuin结婚，育有二女一子。目前定居于美国奥瑞冈州,UrsulaK.LeGuin,拉德克利夫学院施莱辛格图书馆,海伦-凯勒获英国格拉斯哥大学荣誉博士学位后留影1904年9月1日拉德克利夫学院授予海伦-凯勒学位,ColumbiaUniversity,哥伦比亚大学位于美国纽约市曼哈顿，于1754年根据英国国王乔治二世颁布的国王宪章而成立，属于私立的常春藤盟校，由三个本科生院和十三个研究生院构成，哥伦比亚的校友和教授中一共有87人获得过诺贝尔奖。包括奥巴马总统在内的三位美国总统是该校的毕业生。此外，学校的医学、法学、商学和新闻学院都名列前茅。其新闻学院颁发的普利策奖是美国新闻界的最高荣誉。,作品特色：以中国道家阴阳相生的概念为核心，迥异于西方基督教的善恶二元对立观。以奇幻元素为成长小说（Buildungsroman）型态开启新局面，以丰富的象征手法深入探讨成长的种种心理历程。奇幻故事不再只是英雄冒险事迹，而更具备自我观照、自我省思的内涵,幻想小说：“地海系列”地海巫师（AWizardofEarthsea，1968),艾坦的坟墓(TheTombsofAtuan，1971),遥远的海岸(TheFareastShore，1972),地海孤雏(Tehanu:thelastbookofEarthsea，1990）,UrsulaLeGuinswork,分为魔戒现身、双塔奇兵、王者归来,科幻小说,黑暗的左手（TheLeftHandofdarkness）离开奥姆拉斯的人TheOnesWhoWalkAwayfromOmelas科幻小说是建立在科学探索的基础上的，大多数以现代科学文化为主。而幻想小说则是天马行空类的，无科学依据，如魔幻小说、玄幻小说,WilliamJames,威廉詹姆士，1842年1月11日出生于美国纽约，1910年8月26日逝世于新罕布什尔州戚叩落亚），美国哲学家与心理学家。他的弟弟亨利詹姆斯是著名作家。他和查尔斯桑德斯皮尔士一起建立了实用主义。他创造了他称之为“彻底经验论”的学说；他是名叫“实用主义”或“工具主义”的这种理论的三大倡导者之一。威廉詹姆士在法国受到他的教育，他的专业是心理学。当时心理学和哲学之间的分别还不很大。回到美国後他一直在哈佛大学教书。虽然他不相信利用实验可以研究人的心理，他是美国最早的实验心理学家之一。,播下一个行动，你将收获一种习惯；播下一种习惯，你将收获一种性格；播下一种性格，你将收获一种命运。对陌生路人的一个善意的微笑，对他人一次真诚地帮助，对他人一个由衷的赞美。这些都是改变一个人人生的星星之火。,I.Backgroundinformation,3.Allegory讽喻,比方英文解释：anexpressivestylethatusesfictionalcharactersandeventstodescribesomesubjectbysuggestiveresemblances;anextendedmetaphor摘自英语专业大学英语教程一书这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为换个方式的说法.它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.例如:1.Makethehaywhilethesunshines.表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草真正意味：趁热打铁,I.Backgroundinformation,2.Omelas:afictionalnameforanidealcitydescribedbythewriter.,II.Typeofliterature,TheOnesWhoWalkAwayfromOmelasmaybecalledapieceofallegoricaldescription.Omelasisafictionalcityofhappinessenvisagedbythewriter.Inthisallegoricaldescription,thewriterdescribesemotionallyandcolorfullythecityofOmelasanditscitizens.,III.Themeofthisallegoricaldescription,Thethemeofthisallegoricaldescriptionisprovocative:thenatureofhappinessandonwhatitdepends.Thewriterstatesherviewveryclearlyinonesentence:“Happinessisbasedonajustdiscriminationofwhatisnecessary,whatisneithernecessarynordestructive,whatisdestructive”.WhatthecitizensofOmelasdonothaveordonotwishtohavemaybeclassedasthingsthataredestructiveofhappiness.,PART1Wordsandexpressions,Clamour:aloudconfusednoiseorshout,esp.ofpeoplecomplainingangrilyormakingademand喧闹，叫嚣，（尤指）群众之愤怒或有所要求的呼喊Rigging:thesystemofropes,chains,andtackleusedtosupportandcontrolthemasts,sails,andtheyardsofasailingvessel索具，支索,Decorous:polite,decent有礼貌的，高雅的Mauve:amoderategrayishviolettomoderatereddishpurple紫色masterworkman:aworkmanincharge工长Gong:arimmedmetaldiskthatproducesaloud,sonoroustonewhenstruckwithapaddedmallet锣,Shimmer:shinewithasubdued,flickeringlight以柔和、闪烁的光线发光，闪闪发光同义词：flash，gleam，sparkle，glitter，glistenflash指突发的、短暂而耀眼的闪光；gleam指黑暗中闪现出的一束稳定的光线；sparkle指星星点点的闪光；glitter指由物体反射出的星星点点的闪光；shimmer指由微波荡漾的水面反照出的柔和的闪光；glisten指外部亮光反射于沾水的平面上而显出的光亮,Tambourine:aninstrumentconsistingofasmalldrumheadwithjinglingdisksthatarefittedintotherim.Itisshakenwithonehandandstruckwiththeother铃鼓，手鼓Water-meadow:afieldnearariver,whichisoftenflooded经常被水淹的土地，浸水草地Lithe:readilybent;supple易弯的，柔软的,Restive:(ofahorseorotheranimal)refusingtomoveforward;movingbackwardsorsideways(指马或其他动物)不肯前进的，向后或向侧移动的Gear:theharnessforahorse马具Halter:adevicemadeofropeorleatherstrapsthatfitsaroundtheheadorneckofananimalandisusedtoleadorsecuretheanimal缰绳Mane:thelonghairalongthetopandsidesoftheneckofcertainmammals,suchasthehorseandthemalelion马鬃，鬃毛,Streamer:alongnarrowstripofmaterialusedforornamentordecoration飘带Flare:expandoropenoutwardinshape向外张开Prance:(ofahorse)springforwardonthehindlegs(用于指马)后足立地腾跃Flutter:waveorflaprapidlyinanirregularmanner挥动，飘扬,Boast:glorifyoneselfinspeech;talkinaself-admiringway自吹自擂同义词brag,crow,swagger这些词都表示用骄傲，甚至过于骄傲的口气谈及自身或自身相关的事。boast是最普通的，仅仅表示因为自己的成绩或能力而感到骄傲或满意；brag更带有卖弄和夸大之意；crow强调因胜利等而欣喜若狂和大声庆贺；swagger指傲慢地或专横地显露出自己的优越感。,Archaic:nolongercurrentorapplicable;antiquated过时的，陈旧的Litter:anenclosedorcurtainedcouchmountedonshaftsandusedtocarryasinglepassenger轿子Dulcet:pleasingtotheear;melodious好听的，悦耳的；havingasoothing，agreeablequality怡人的Pedant:apersonwhopaysundueattentiontobooklearningandformalrules学究式人物，迂腐之人；apersonwhoexhibitsoneslearingorscholarshipostentatiously卖弄学问者,Sophisticate:asophisticateisapersonwhohasalotofexperinceoflife,goodjudgmentaboutsociallyimportantthingssuchasart,fashionetc世故老练者Treason:abetrayaloftrustorconfidence背信Banality:qualityofbeingcommonplace;uninteresting平凡，无趣Lick:(slang)getthebetterof;defeat占上风，打败,Hid:command;direct命令，吩咐Exuberance:qualityofbeingvigorous,luxuriantandabundant茂盛，丰富Languor:adreamy,lazymoodorquality倦怠，无精打采Arcane:adeepsecret;amystery奥秘Magnanimous:having,showing,generosity宽宏大量的，慷慨的,risetotheoccasion:showthatoneisequaltowhatneedstobedone显出具有应付特殊事故的能力，应付自如incommunionwith:haveaspecialrelationshipwithsth.inwhichonefeelsthatheunderstandsitverywell与有交流，与有联络，有共同利害关系,PART2Paraphrase,1.Withaclamourofbythesea,Theloudringingofthebells,whichsentthestartledswallowsflyinghigh,markedthebeginningoftheFestivalofSummerinOmelas.随着让海燕高飞如云的喧闹钟声响起，夏日狂欢节在奥米勒斯这座有着灿烂塔楼的海边城市拉开了序幕。（brigh-toweredbythesea是说奥米勒斯是一个海边的港口城市，城中有白色的塔楼，在阳光下闪闪发光）,2.Childrendodgedsinging,Childrenranaboutpayfully,nowinandnowoutoftheprocession.Theirhigh-pitchedshoutcouldbeheardclearlyabovethemusicandthesingingjustlikethegroupofswallowsflyingbyswiftlyhighabovetheprocession.孩子们蹿进蹿出，他们高声的叫喊像海燕一样飞在音乐与歌声之上,3.exercisedbeforetherace,Boysandgirlsareputtingthehorsesthroughsomeexercisesbecausethehorseswereeagertostartandstubbornlyresistingtheircontrol.男孩们和女孩们光着身子在比赛前训练他们的马,4.Givenaassumptions,Assumingthatthesmilesaredescribedinthisway,peopleareinclinedtoexplainwhytheyarelikethisastheythemselvesimagine.如果还用这样的描述，人们就是在遐想了。,5.thesewerenotblandutopians,ThepeopleofOmelaswerenotagroupofnaivepeople.Theywerenotshepherdswhohadamelodiousvoiceandweregoodatsinging,norprimitivepeoplewholivedinavirtuous,innocentstateuncorruptedbycivilization,noragreeableandcourteouspeoplewhobelievedinautopia.这些人并不是一群简单的人，不是善良厚道的牧羊人、野蛮的贵族或彬彬有礼的乌托邦人。,6.Thisisboredomofpain,Peopleholdthiskindofopinionbecausetheartistbetraystheirtrust.Theytrustedhimtofindhappinessforthem,butwhenrealizingthedifficultyofthistask,hegivesitup.Heisnotwillingtoacceptthateviliscommonplaceandthatpainisterriblyboring.Instead,heusesthemasvaluablesubjectsforhisartisticcreation,whichmisleadspeople.这是艺术家的叛逆：拒绝承认罪恶的平庸和痛苦的极度无聊。,7.Theywerematurenotwretched,Theywerefullydeveloped,intelligentgrown-upsfullofintensefeelings.Theydidnotliveamiserablelife.他们是成熟、有智慧、充满热情的成年人，他们的生活并不悲惨,8.Perhapsitsuityouall,Perhapsitwouldbebestunderthedirectionofyourownimagination,supposingthatitcanbewhateveryoucommandittobe,becausecertainlyIcannotsatisfyallyourwishes.也许由你们自己尽想象之能来设想它会更好一些，因为我的描述显然不能符合所有人的品味。,9.thefaintinsistentthecity,Thefaintbutcompellingpleasantsmellofdroozmayfilleverystreetofthecity.“杜丝”淡淡的持久的香味可以弥漫整个街道。,Utopia乌托邦,乌托邦是人类思想意识中最美好的社会，如同西方早期“空想社会主义”。西方一位学者提出的空想社会主义社会,美好,人人平等,没有压迫.就像世外桃源.,乌托邦主义是社会理论的一种，它试图藉由将若干可欲的价值和实践呈现于一理想的国家或社会，而促成这些价值和实践。一般而言，乌托邦的作者并不认为这样的国家可能实现，至少是不可能以其被完美描绘的形态付诸实现。但是他们并非在做一项仅仅是想像或空幻的搬弄，就如乌托邦主义这个词汇的通俗用法所指的一般。如同柏拉图理想国（Republic）（它是最早的真正乌托邦）中所显示的，通常某目的是：藉由扩大描绘某一概念（正义或自由），以基于这种概念而建构之理想社群的形式，来展现该概念的若干根本性质。,摩尔（SirThomasMore）的乌托邦（Utopia，1516），其目标则主要是批判和讽刺：将乌托邦中的善良人民和作者当时社会的罪恶作巧妙的对比，而藉之谴责后者。只有极少数的乌托邦作者贝拉密（EdwardBellamy）的回顾（LookingBackward，1888）即是佳例企图根据其乌托邦中所认真规划的蓝图来改造社会。就其本质而言，乌托邦的功能乃是启发性的。,1.Thefacesofsmallchildrenareamiablysticky;inthebenigngreybeardofamanacoupleofrichpastryareentangled:(1)Thefacesofsmalllovelychildrenarestickybecauseofeatingsweetandinthegreybeardofakindofandgentleoldmanthereareseveralcrumbsofrichpastry.(2)这里的sticky和benign采用了移就（transferredepithet）的修辞手法，即将本应该用来修饰某一类名词的修饰语用来修饰另一类名词。例.Heclosedhisbusylifeattheageofsixty.在六十岁时他结束了他那忙碌的一生。（3）amiable:friendlyandeasytolike温柔的，可爱的，亲切的例.Thedriverwasanamiableyoungman.司机是个很友好的年轻人。（4）benign:kindandgentle仁慈的，和蔼的例.Heshookhisheadinbenignamusement.他和蔼而幽默地摇了摇头。,2hisdarkeyeswhollyraptinthesweet,thinmagicofthetune:(1)hisdarkeyesaredeeplyabsorbedinthesweetandmagicaltuneofhisflute.(2)rapt:deeplyabsorbed全神贯注的，着迷的，痴迷的例.Listenedtothespeakerwithraptadmiration.带着着迷的敬意聆听讲演。,3.Asifthatlittleprivatesilencewerethesignal,allatonceatrumpetsoundsfromthepavilionnearthestartingline:imperious,melancholy,piercing:(1)Asifthesilenceaftertheboystoppedplayinghisflutewerethesignalforthestartofthehorserace.Immediatelyafterhestoppedplaying,fromthepavilionnearthestartinglinecamethesoundoftrumpetwhichwascommanding,solemnandunpleasant.(2)Imperious:givingordersandexpectingtobeobeyed,inawaythatseemstooproud专横的，傲慢的，命令式的例.animperiousmanner高傲的态度animperiousvoice命令式的口气,（3）melancholy:verysad忧郁的，意气消沉的例.aletterwithsomemelancholynews.带来令人悲伤的消息的信Hisfacewaslinedandmelancholy.他的脸上起了皱纹，并且很忧郁。（4）piercing:high,sharp,andunpleasant刺耳的，尖锐的例.apiercingshriek尖叫piercingcold刺骨的寒冷,4.Thehorsesrearontheirslenderlegs,andsomeofthemneighinanswer(1)Thehorsesriseuptostandontheirthinbutstronglegs,andsomeofthemneighedasiftheyareansweringthecallofthetrumpet.(2)rear:riseuptostandonitsbacklegs(马等)以后腿站立例.Thehorserearedandthrewmeoff.马前腿高抬，把我甩了下去。(3)neigh:makesalongloudnoise马嘶,5.Sober-faced,theyoungridersstokethehorsesnecksandsoothethem（1）Theyoungriderslookcalm,gentlystokesthehorsesneckandcalmthemdown(2)stroke:tomoveyourhandgentlyoversomething抚摸例.strokesomebodydown平息某人的怒气（3）soothe:tomakesomeonefeelcalmerandlessanxious,upset,orangry使(某人，其神经，其情绪)平静，安慰例.Shemadeacupofteatosoothehernerves.他沏了杯茶，平静她的紧张情绪。,词汇注释,1.seep:v.toflowslowlythroughverysmallhole渗透,渗漏例句：Waterhadseepedthroughthebathroomceiling水从浴室的天花板上渗透出来。2.clot:v.becomethickerandmoresolidassth.Dries(usuallywithbloodormilk)(使)凝结,(使)凝块3.imbecile:adj.stupid;silly愚蠢的,傻的例句:Theyregardeditasanimbecileact.他们认为这是一种愚蠢的行为。,4.fumble:v.touchorhandlenervouslyoridly笨拙的用手乱摸例句:Ifoundhimfumblingwithanecktieinhisroom.我发现他正在房间里紧张地系着领带。5.hunch:v.topullyourbackorshouldersintoaroundedshape使(背或肩膀)隆起例句:Hewassittinghunchedinacorner他躬着身体坐在角落里6.rattle:v.tomakeanumberofshortsharpsoundslikesmallobjectsknockingrepeatedlyagainsteachother(使)碰撞作声;(使)发格格声例句:Thewindowsrattledinthewind.窗子在风中格格作响。,7.whine:v.makealongcomplainingcryorhigh-pitchedsound发哀鸣声，发呜呜声例句:Thedogwaswhiningoutsidetocomein.那只狗在外面呜呜地叫着要进来。8.calf:n.thefleshybackpartofyourlegbetweenyourkneeandyourankle(人的)小腿肚9.fester:v.(ofawound)tobecomeinfected(伤口)感染，化脓10.excrement:n.thesolidwastematterpassedoutfromyourbodythroughyourbowels排泄物，粪便,句子,1.Alittlelightseepsindustilybetweencracksintheboards,secondhandfromacobwebbedwindowsomewhereacrossthecellar.(一缕从地窖另一端蛛麻密布的窗户里间反射出来的映满浮尘的微弱光线从木板的裂缝中透进来)2.Itwouldbeaboyoragirl.不知道是男是女,3.Perhapsitwasborndefective,orperhapsithasbecomeimbecilethroughfear,malnutrition,andneglect.（Perhapsitisdeficientinintelligencefromitsbirth,orperhapsithasbecomestupidbecauseoffear,poornutrition,andlackofcare）可能是生下来就有缺陷，也可能是因为恐惧,营养不良和没有得到照顾而变成这样的,4.Itisafraidofthemops.Itfindsthemhorrible.Itshutsitseyes,butitknowsthemopsarestillstandingthere;andthedoorislocked;andnobodywillcome.Thedoorisalwayslocked;andnobodyevercomes,expectthatsometimes.那两个拖把让他(她)觉得很可怕,虽然闭上了眼睛，但他(她)知道那两个拖把还在那儿;门一直是锁着的;也不会有人来,除了有些时候。,5.Theothersnevercomeclose,butpeerinatitwithfrightened,disgustedeyes.其余的人从来不靠近,只是凝视着他(她),眼神惊讶,充满厌恶。6.Thefoodbowelandthewaterjugarehastilyfilled,thedoorislocked,theeyesdisappear.饭碗和水罐匆匆忙忙的给装满了,门又锁上了,眼睛不见了,7.Ifthechildwerebroughtupintothesunlightoutofthevileplace,ifitwerecleanedandfedandcomforted,thatwouldbeagoodthing,indeed;butifitweredone,inthatdayandhouralltheprosperityandbeautyanddelightofOmelaswouldwitherandbedestroyed.如果让这个孩子从那个地狱般的地方出来重见天日,如果让他(她)洗得干干净净,吃得饱饱的,舒舒服服的那毫无疑问肯定是好事;但是只要这么做了就在那一天那个时刻,奥米勒斯的全部繁荣,美丽和欢乐就会枯萎,毁灭。,8.Thatwouldbetoletguiltwithinthewallsindeed.（ThatwouldpermitguilttocomeintoOmelas）那无疑是把犯罪带到奥米勒斯城里来,Wordsandexpression,brood/bru:d/v.沉思,Itdoesnthelptobroodonyourmistakes.,Vague/veig/adj.含糊的不明确的,Avagueanswervaguememories,Degrade/digreid/v.贬低（某人），降低（某人）的身份,Ifeltdegradedbyhavingtoaskformoney.,Imbecile低能儿弱智者,Wordsandexpression,Uncouthadj.粗野的无教养的,Excrementn.排泄物,Vapidadj.索然无味的,Hisconversationwasvapidintheextreme.,Nobilityn.高尚的思想高贵的出身,Hernobilityofcharactermadehermuchadmired.,Poignancyn.伤心辛酸,Wordsandexpression,Profundityn.深度深刻深奥,Heimpressedhisaudiencebytheprofundityofhisknowledge.,Snivelv.伤心地啼哭和抽泣,Sheisalwayssnivellingaboutherunhappychildhood.,Paraphrase,1.Itshabitsaretoouncouthforittorespondtohumanetreatment.,Paraphrase,Itsbehaviorissocrudethatitcannothaveapositiveorfavoratereactionevenifpeopletreatitkindly.,Paraphrase,2.Theirtearsatthebitterinjusticedrywhentheybegintoperceivetheterriblejusticeofreality,andtoacceptit.,Paraphrase,Theynolongerfeelsorryandangryforthisunbearablyunfairthing,becausetheyrealizethatrealityisextremelyfairinthattheyarerewardedwithhappinessforthechildsmisfortune,andtheybegintobenefitfromitsmisfortunewithoutaguiltyfeeling.,Question,Commentonthethoughtprovokinglastparagraph.,AfterthewritermakesitclearthataUtopiaisimpossibleandanOmelasiswrong,sheprovidesnosolutiontotheproblemofobtaininghappiness.butshebelievesthatthereshouldbeawayoutsosheplansthisendingandleavesthequestiontothereaders.,Exercises,.Lookupthedictionaryandexplainthemeaningoftheitalicizedwords:1.Theriggingoftheboatsinharbor(para1)linesandchainsusedaboardashipespeciallyinworkingsailandsupportingmastsandspars.,2.ashimmeringofgongandtambourine(para1)shiningwithasofttremulouslight3.liketheswallowscrossingflights(para1)rising,settlingorflyinginaflock.4.Alltheprocessionswoundtowardsthenorthsideofthecity(para1)make(onesway)inawindingortwistingcourse,5.exercisedtheirrestivehorsesbeforetherace(para1)stubbornlyresistingcontrol6.perhapsinagoldenlitterbonebygreat-muscledslaves(para3)acoveredandcurtainedcouchprovidedwithshaftsandusedforcarryingasinglepassenger7.butIsuspectthattheyweresingularlyfew(para3)exceptionally;unusually,8.theveryarcaneandinmostsecretsoftheUniverse(para3)(pluralofarcanum)secretormysteriousknowledgeknownonlytotheinitiate9.FormoremodesttastesIthinkthereoughttobebeer.(para3)moderateorreasonable;notextreme10.acoupleofmops,withstiff,clotted,foul-smellingheads(para8)thehighestoruppermostpartofathing,11.amerebroomclosetordisusedtoolroom(para8)nothingmoreorotherthan;only12.thatmakespossiblethenobilityoftheirarchitecture,thepoignancyoftheirmusic,theprofundityoftheirscience(para12)nobility:(the)stateofbeinggrandandimpressivepoignancy:(the)characterofbeingemotionallytouchingormovingprofundity,intellectualdepth,.Analysetheformationofthefollowingwordsandlist5-10examplesofeach:,1.bright-toweredacompoundadjectiveformedbyanadjectiveandapastparticiple.Examples,brown-stained;great-muscled;dark-skinned;green-colored;heavy-handed2.moss-grownacompoundadjectiveformedbyanounandapastparticiple.Examples:tear-stained;grass-covered;tree-lined;shop-soiled,3.white-goldacompoundadjectiveformedbyacombinationoftwoadjectives.Examples:grey-green;acid-sweet;bitter-sweet;blue-black;electro-magnetic4.habit-formingacompoundadjectiveformedbyanounandapresentparticiple.Examples:water-purifying;habit-breaking;voice-recording;film-making;muscle-building,5.racecourseacompoundnounformedbytwonouns.Examples:figurehead;footpath;headman;heartbeat;network,.Makesentenceswiththefollowingwords,showingthedifferencesbetweenthesynonyms:,1.passionate,impassionedpassionate:impliesstrongorviolentemotion,oftenofanimpetuouskind:Heflewintoapassionaterageovertheincident.impassioned:showinganexpressionofemotionthatisdeeplyandsincerelyfelt:Hemadeanimpassionedpleafortherightsofwomen.,2.naive,artlessnave:showingagenuine,innocentsimplicityorlackofartificialitybutsometimesconnotesanalmostfoolishlackofworldlywisdom:Hehadanavebeliefinthekindnessofothers.artless:suggestalackofartificialityorguilethatderivesfomindifferencetotheeffectonehasuponothers:Heartlessbeautycaptivatedhim.,3.wretched,sadwretched:deeplydistressedorunhappy;miserable:Theunfortunateincidentmadehimfeelwretchedthewholeday.sad:asimple,generalterm,ranginginimplicationfromamildmomentaryunhappinesstoafeelingofintensegrief:Hewassadathisdeparture.,4.marvelous,incrediblemarvelous:soextraordinaryastobeimprobable:Itwasanunexpectedmarvelousperformance.incredible:seemingtoounusualorimprobabletobepossible:Itwasanincrediblefeatofbravey.,.Discriminatethefollowinggroupsofsynonyms:,1.happy,glad,cheerful,joyful,joyoushappy一般指快乐的、幸福的，用以表示幸福的人、家庭、夫妻、生活、时代等；glad指感到特别的喜悦，这种喜悦一般是短暂的；cheerful指经常性的兴致高、乐观等；joyful和joyous都指特别高兴、喜悦。前者常由某事而引发，后者则是出于一惯的性情。,2.pleasure,delight,joy,enjoymentpleasure一般指感到满足、惬意，可指内心的喜悦，又可指外在的幸福；delight常指一种明显的喜悦，一种公开表露出的热情奔放的喜悦；joy指深切体验到的、常常外露的极其喜悦的心情；enjoyment常指比较含蓄的、内在的满足感。,3.barbarian,barbaric,barbarous,savagebarbarian主要指一种原始的文明，一般没有其他的含义；barbaric指像原始社会的人们一样粗野、缺乏限制；barbarous指像原始社会的人一样野蛮、凶残；savage指比barbarian更为原始的文明，比后者更为野蛮、凶残。,4.old,ancient,antique,archaic,obsoleteold指存在或使用的时间相对较长一些；ancient具体指年代久远；antique指某物不再流行，已经过时；archaic就时间而言，指具有古风的东西。,5.anger,indignation,rage,fury,wrathanger泛指不快的情绪；indignation指由不公正的、卑鄙的或侮辱性的事物引起的正当的气愤；rage指怒不可遏，暴跳如雷；fury指非常愤怒，气得要发疯；wrath指一种深沉的愤怒，想惩罚别人或报复他人。,Exercises,.Putthe