中考阅读技能训练-主旨大意.ppt

中考阅读技能训练,通州二中樊文英,主旨大意,阅读技能,1.主旨归纳题2.细节理解题3.推理判断题4.词义猜测题,一篇文章总是围绕一个主题,说明或阐述一个道理或事实。那么如何依据作者的写作意图,来推断文章的中心大意或文章的标题呢？,考查主旨大意的题干通常为：,1.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?2.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?3.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?4.Thetextismainlyabout_.,这段文章最好的题目是什么？,这篇课文主要谈论什么？,从这段文章我们能学/知到什么？,这篇课文主要谈论关于_.,Doyouknowthatwomensbrainsaresmallerthanmens?Normallythewomensbrainweighs10%lessthanmens.Sinceresearchhasshownthatthebiggerthebrain,thecleverertheanimal,menmustbemoreintelligent（聪明的）thanwomen.Right?Wrong.Menandwomenalwaysscoresimilarlyonintelligencetests,despitethedifferenceinbrainsize.Why?Afteryearsofstudy,researchershaveconcludedthatitswhatsinsidethatmatters,notjustthesizeofthebrain.Thebrainismadeupof“greymatter”and“whitematter”.Whilemenhavemoreofthewhitematter,theamount（数量）of“thinking”brainisalmostthesameinbothmenandwomen.Ithasbeensuggestedthatsmallerbrainappearstoworkfaster,perhapsbecausethetwosidesofthebrainarebetterconnectedinwomen.Thismeansthatlittlegirlsmaylearntospeakearlier,andthatwomencanunderstandsortsofdifferentinformationatthesametime.Whenitcomestotalkingtothebossonthephone,cookingdinnerandkeepinganeyeonthebabyallatthesametime,itswomenwhocomeoutontopeverytime.Thereareotherimportantdifferencesbetweentwosexes（性别）.Aswhitematteristhekeytospatial（空间的）tasks,menknowbetterwherethingsareinrelationtootherthings.“Agreatfootballeralwaysknowswhereheisinrelationtotheotherplayers,andheknowswheretogo,”saysoneresearcher.Thatmayexplainoneoflifesgreatmysteries:whymenrefusetoaskfordirectionsandwomenoftenneedto!Thedifferencesbeginwhenfetuses（胎儿）areaboutnineweeksold,whichcanbeseenintheactionofchildrenwhentheyareveryyoung.Aboywouldtrytoclimbabarrierbeforehimorpushitdownwhileagirlwouldaskforhelpfromothers.Thesebraindifferencesalsoexplainthefactthatmorementakeupjobsthatrequiregoodspatialskills,whilemorewomenspeechskills.Itmayallgobacktoourancestors,amongwhomwomenneededspeechskillstotakecareoftheirbabiesandmenneededspatialskillstohunt,accordingtooneresearch.60.Thepassageismainlyabout_.A.waysofbeingmoreintelligentB.differencesbetweenmenandwomenC.studiesonbrainsbetweentwosexesD.studiesonwhitematterandgreymatter,1,2,3,4,石景山一D,60.Thepassageismainlyabout_.A.waysofbeingmoreintelligentB.differencesbetweenmenandwomenC.studiesonbrainsbetweentwosexesD.studiesonwhitematterandgreymatter,Doyouknowthatwomensbrainsaresmallerthanmens?Normallythewomensbrainweighs10%lessthanmens.Sinceresearchhasshownthatthebiggerthebrain,thecleverertheanimal,menmustbemoreintelligent（聪明的）thanwomen.Right?Wrong.Menandwomenalwaysscoresimilarlyonintelligencetests,despitethedifferenceinbrainsize.Why?Afteryearsofstudy,researchershaveconcludedthatitswhatsinsidethatmatters,notjustthesizeofthebrain.Thebrainismadeupof“greymatter”and“whitematter”.Whilemenhavemoreofthewhitematter,theamount（数量）of“thinking”brainisalmostthesameinbothmenandwomen.Ithasbeensuggestedthatsmallerbrainappearstoworkfaster,perhapsbecausethetwosidesofthebrainarebetterconnectedinwomen.Thismeansthatlittlegirlsmaylearntospeakearlier,andthatwomencanunderstandsortsofdifferentinformationatthesametime.Whenitcomestotalkingtothebossonthephone,cookingdinnerandkeepinganeyeonthebabyallatthesametime,itswomenwhocomeoutontopeverytime.Thereareotherimportantdifferencesbetweentwosexes（性别）.Aswhitematteristhekeytospatial（空间的）tasks,menknowbetterwherethingsareinrelationtootherthings.“Agreatfootballeralwaysknowswhereheisinrelationtotheotherplayers,andheknowswheretogo,”saysoneresearcher.Thatmayexplainoneoflifesgreatmysteries:whymenrefusetoaskfordirectionsandwomenoftenneedto!Thedifferencesbeginwhenfetuses（胎儿）areaboutnineweeksold,whichcanbeseenintheactionofchildrenwhentheyareveryyoung.Aboywouldtrytoclimbabarrierbeforehimorpushitdownwhileagirlwouldaskforhelpfromothers.Thesebraindifferencesalsoexplainthefactthatmorementakeupjobsthatrequiregoodspatialskills,whilemorewomenspeechskills.Itmayallgobacktoourancestors,amongwhomwomenneededspeechskillstotakecareoftheirbabiesandmenneededspatialskillstohunt,accordingtooneresearch.,1,2,3,4,Doyouknowthatwomensbrainsaresmallerthanmens?,Ithasbeensuggestedthatsmallerbrainappearstoworkfaster,perhapsbecausethetwosidesofthebrainarebetterconnectedinwomen.,1,2,4,Thereareotherimportantdifferencesbetweentwosexes（性别）.,3,Thedifferencesbeginwhenfetuses（胎儿）areaboutnineweeksold,whichcanbeseenintheactionofchildrenwhentheyareveryyoung.,总分,4,延庆一C,MynameisLinHui.Iliketotellstoriesaboutpeoplewhoworktogether.Whatisevenbetteriswhencountrieshelpeachotherandbuildagoodfriendship.AnexcellentexampleofthishappenedwhenBritainandChinaworkedtogethertobringtheMiludeerbacktoChina.Miludeer,akindofanimalwithlargehorns(角),usedtobecommoninChinalongago.Likeotherdeertheylivedtogetherandategrassandthesoftpartsoftrees.Miludeerwereoftenkilledforfoodorsport.TheMingandQingdynasties(朝代)didnotprotectthemandmanywerekilled.ThatishowtheMiludeerdisappearedfromChina.Luckilybeforeallofthemwerekilled,someweretakentoBritaintoimprovetheenvironmentofthebeautifulparkwhichbelongedtotheDukeofBedford.HelikedthemsomuchthathetookthemfromChinatoBritain.Miludeerlikedthecool,wetweatherinEnglandandtheirnumberincreasedyearbyyear.Asaresult,whenin1985thegovernmentofChinawantedtobringbacktheMiludeer,theDukeofBedfordwasabletohelp.ThefirstdeercamebacktoChinatotheNanhaiziMiluPark20kilometerssouthofBeijingandthecentreinDafeng,Jiangsuprovince.ThedeercertainlyseemhappytobebackinChinabecausetheirnumberhasgrownquickly.TherearenowsomanyofthemthatanewparkhasbeenopenedfortheminHubeiProvince.AtthemomenttheMiludeerliveincentreswheretheyarebeingwellprotectedandcaredfor.Itishopedthatonedaytherewillbeenoughanimalstoletthemliveinthewildagain.56.Whatsthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ThenumberoftheMuludeer.B.ThelifeoftheMiludeer.C.ThereturnoftheMiludeer.D.TheimportanceoftheMiludeer.,1,2,3,4,56.Whatsthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ThenumberoftheMuludeer.B.ThelifeoftheMiludeer.C.ThereturnoftheMiludeer.D.TheimportanceoftheMiludeer.,延庆一C,MynameisLinHui.Iliketotellstoriesaboutpeoplewhoworktogether.Whatisevenbetteriswhencountrieshelpeachotherandbuildagoodfriendship.AnexcellentexampleofthishappenedwhenBritainandChinaworkedtogethertobringtheMiludeerbacktoChina.Miludeer,akindofanimalwithlargehorns(角),usedtobecommoninChinalongago.Likeotherdeertheylivedtogetherandategrassandthesoftpartsoftrees.Miludeerwereoftenkilledforfoodorsport.TheMingandQingdynasties(朝代)didnotprotectthemandmanywerekilled.ThatishowtheMiludeerdisappearedfromChina.Luckilybeforeallofthemwerekilled,someweretakentoBritaintoimprovetheenvironmentofthebeautifulparkwhichbelongedtotheDukeofBedford.HelikedthemsomuchthathetookthemfromChinatoBritain.Miludeerlikedthecool,wetweatherinEnglandandtheirnumberincreasedyearbyyear.Asaresult,whenin1985thegovernmentofChinawantedtobringbacktheMiludeer,theDukeofBedfordwasabletohelp.ThefirstdeercamebacktoChinatotheNanhaiziMiluPark20kilometerssouthofBeijingandthecentreinDafeng,Jiangsuprovince.ThedeercertainlyseemhappytobebackinChinabecausetheirnumberhasgrownquickly.TherearenowsomanyofthemthatanewparkhasbeenopenedfortheminHubeiProvince.AtthemomenttheMiludeerliveincentreswheretheyarebeingwellprotectedandcaredfor.Itishopedthatonedaytherewillbeenoughanimalstoletthemliveinthewildagain.56.Whatsthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ThenumberoftheMuludeer.B.ThelifeoftheMiludeer.C.ThereturnoftheMiludeer.D.TheimportanceoftheMiludeer.,1,2,3,4,总分,BrendansbestfriendisTip.Theyteacheachotherthingsandtheylookaftereachother.TiphashelpedBrendanbecomemoreresponsibleandmorecaring.Brendanisanine-year-oldboy,andTipisaten-year-olddog.BrendanandTipareanexampleofhowowningadogcanhaveagoodeffectonachildsdevelopment.Havingadoghelpsachildlearnhowtoactresponsibly.Asadogowner,thechildmusttakecareoftheanimalsdailyneeds.Thedogmustbefedandexercisedeveryday.Adogiscompletelydependentonitsownerforallitsneeds,includingtheneedforgoodhealthandasafeenvironment.Furthermore,theownermusttakeresponsibilityforthesafetyofthepeopleitcomesintocontactwith.Ifthechildforgetsanyofthesedutiesandresponsibilities,orturnsablindeyetoanyofthedogsneeds,thedogwillsuffer(遭罪).Thisteachesthechildthathisresponsibilitytothedogismoreimportantthanhisdesire(欲望)toplaywithhistoys,talkonthephone,orwatchTV.Thisistruenotonlyforthecareofadog,butalsoforthecareofoneself,anotherperson,oronesjob.Anotherlessonthatachildcanlearnfromhavingadogisempathy,theabilitytoputoneselfinanotherpersons,orinthiscaseanothercreaturessituationandimaginethatpersonsorcreaturesfeelingsorproblems.Adogcannotexpressitselfwithspeech,soitsownermustlearnhowtointerpretitsbehaviour.Thechildmustlearntounderstandwhatthedogsbehaviourmeans.Isthedogfrightened,hungryorsick?Thechildneedstounderstandwhatisgoingoninthedogsmind.Understandingasituationfromthedogspointofviewhelpsthechildunderstandwhythedogisbehavinginacertainwayandwhatthedogneeds.Theresultoflearningtoreadadogsbehaviouristhatthechilddevelopsempathy.Thisleadstothechildbecomingamoreconsiderateandcaringperson.Thesearesomeofthemostimportantlessonsachildwilleverlearn.Thebenefits(好处)ofowningadogwilllastthechildswholelifetimeandwillhelphimorhergrowintoareliable(可靠的)andcaringadult.56.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Lessonschildrenlearnfromadog.B.Adviceonowningadogforchildren.C.Therelationshipbetweenchildrenanddogs.D.Thegoodeffectsonchildrenofowningadog.,西城二C,1,2,3,4,56.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Lessonschildrenlearnfromadog.B.Adviceonowningadogforchildren.C.Therelationshipbetweenchildrenanddogs.D.Thegoodeffectsonchildrenofowningadog.,BrendansbestfriendisTip.Theyteacheachotherthingsandtheylookaftereachother.TiphashelpedBrendanbecomemoreresponsibleandmorecaring.Brendanisanine-year-oldboy,andTipisaten-year-olddog.BrendanandTipareanexampleofhowowningadogcanhaveagoodeffectonachildsdevelopment.Havingadoghelpsachildlearnhowtoactresponsibly.Asadogowner,thechildmusttakecareoftheanimalsdailyneeds.Thedogmustbefedandexercisedeveryday.Adogiscompletelydependentonitsownerforallitsneeds,includingtheneedforgoodhealthandasafeenvironment.Furthermore,theownermusttakeresponsibilityforthesafetyofthepeopleitcomesintocontactwith.Ifthechildforgetsanyofthesedutiesandresponsibilities,orturnsablindeyetoanyofthedogsneeds,thedogwillsuffer(遭罪).Thisteachesthechildthathisresponsibilitytothedogismoreimportantthanhisdesire(欲望)toplaywithhistoys,talkonthephone,orwatchTV.Thisistruenotonlyforthecareofadog,butalsoforthecareofoneself,anotherperson,oronesjob.Anotherlessonthatachildcanlearnfromhavingadogisempathy,theabilitytoputoneselfinanotherpersons,orinthiscaseanothercreaturessituationandimaginethatpersonsorcreaturesfeelingsorproblems.Adogcannotexpressitselfwithspeech,soitsownermustlearnhowtointerpretitsbehaviour.Thechildmustlearntounderstandwhatthedogsbehaviourmeans.Isthedogfrightened,hungryorsick?Thechildneedstounderstandwhatisgoingoninthedogsmind.Understandingasituationfromthedogspointofviewhelpsthechildunderstandwhythedogisbehavinginacertainwayandwhatthedogneeds.Theresultoflearningtoreadadogsbehaviouristhatthechilddevelopsempathy.Thisleadstothechildbecomingamoreconsiderateandcaringperson.Thesearesomeofthemostimportantlessonsachildwilleverlearn.Thebenefits(好处)ofowningadogwilllastthechildswholelifetimeandwillhelphimorhergrowintoareliable(可靠的)andcaringadult.,1,2,3,4,BrendanandTipareanexampleofhowowningadogcanhaveagoodeffectonachildsdevelopment.,Thesearesomeofthemostimportantlessonsachildwilleverlearn.,Havingadoghelpsachildlearnhowtoactresponsibly.,Anotherlessonthatachildcanlearnfromhavingadogisempathy,theabilitytoputoneselfinanotherpersons,orinthiscaseanothercreaturessituationandimaginethatpersonsorcreaturesfeelingsorproblems.,1,2,3,4,总分总,Thereareseveralkindsofdistances(距离)peoplekeep.Dr.Hallnamesthemintimate,personal,social,andpublic.Intimatedistanceisbeingveryclosetoanother,asinafamily.Personaldistancemightbethekindpeopleputbetweenthemselvesataparty.Socialdistanceismorebusinesslikeandformal.Publicdistanceisusedbyactors,politicians,andleadersbeforealargegroup.Scientistsaretryingtofindouthowpeopleusethesedifferentdistances.Theywanttodiscoverwhy,when,andwherepeopleallowclosenessorusespacetoprotectthemselvesfromothers.Sinceproxemicsisanewscience,therearentmanyconclusionsaboutthemeaningofspacesseparatingpeople.Butyoucanmakesomegeneralobservations(观察)onyourown.Takenotehowyouusespaceondifferentsituations.Whatmessagedoyougetfromotherpeopleastheymoveclosetoyouorawayfromyou?Doesdistancegiveyouafeelingthatyouarebeingignored(忽视)?Whendoyoufeelcrowded(拥挤的)?Standinginlineatashopcounter,youcanlearnaboutspace.Peoplekeepjustenoughdistancebetweeneachothersothattheydontinvade(侵犯)eachothersarea.Ifyoushouldmoveinonanotherpersonsarea,youwouldsoonknowit.Thatpersonwouldbecomenervousorturnaroundtoshowyoutheangryexpressiononhisorherface.Orthatpersonmightsimplytellyou,“Pleasestepback.Imtoocrowded.”Schoolisagoodplacetostudyhowspaceisusedandhowpeoplemarktheirownarea.Atschoolyouprobablyhaveadeskorpartofatabletocallyourown.Howdoyoufeelwhenyoufindsomeonesittingatyourdeskorcoveringyourtablewithpapersandbooks?Maybeyouwanttoprotectyourarea.Youmighttelltheotherpersonthatitbelongstoyou.Thenyoumightmovehisorherthingsaside.Youmightevenaskthatpersontoleaveyourarea.Whetherpeopleareclosetogetherorfarfromeachother,spacecantellyouindeed.Themostimportantthinginspacedialogueiswhetherpeoplerespectoneanothersareas.Invadingotherpeoplesspacemightmeantrouble.60.Thebesttitleofthepassageprobablyis_A.Howinterestingspaceis!B.SpacedoesspeakindeedC.SpacecanbeeverywhereD.Oneshouldownhisspace,通州一D,1,2,3,4,5,6,60.Thebesttitleofthepassageprobablyis_A.Howinterestingspaceis!B.SpacedoesspeakindeedC.SpacecanbeeverywhereD.Oneshouldownhisspace,Thereareseveralkindsofdistances(距离)peoplekeep.Dr.Hallnamesthemintimate,personal,social,andpublic.Intimatedistanceisbeingveryclosetoanother,asinafamily.Personaldistancemightbethekindpeopleputbetweenthemselvesataparty.Socialdistanceismorebusinesslikeandformal.Publicdistanceisusedbyactors,politicians,andleadersbeforealargegroup.Scientistsaretryingtofindouthowpeopleusethesedifferentdistances.Theywanttodiscoverwhy,when,andwherepeopleallowclosenessorusespacetoprotectthemselvesfromothers.Sinceproxemicsisanewscience,therearentmanyconclusionsaboutthemeaningofspacesseparatingpeople.Butyoucanmakesomegeneralobservations(观察)onyourown.Takenotehowyouusespaceondifferentsituations.Whatmessagedoyougetfromotherpeopleastheymoveclosetoyouorawayfromyou?Doesdistancegiveyouafeelingthatyouarebeingignored(忽视)?Whendoyoufeelcrowded(拥挤的)?Standinginlineatashopcounter,youcanlearnaboutspace.Peoplekeepjustenoughdistancebetweeneachothersothattheydontinvade(侵犯)eachothersarea.Ifyoushouldmoveinonanotherpersonsarea,youwouldsoonknowit.Thatpersonwouldbecomenervousorturnaroundtoshowyoutheangryexpressiononhisorherface.Orthatpersonmightsimplytellyou,“Pleasestepback.Imtoocrowded.”Schoolisagoodplacetostudyhowspaceisusedandhowpeoplemarktheirownarea.Atschoolyouprobablyhaveadeskorpartofatabletocallyourown.Howdoyoufeelwhenyoufindsomeonesittingatyourdeskorcoveringyourtablewithpapersandbooks?Maybeyouwanttoprotectyourarea.Youmighttelltheotherpersonthatitbelongstoyou.Thenyoumightmovehisorherthingsaside.Youmightevenaskthatpersontoleaveyourarea.Whetherpeopleareclosetogetherorfarfromeachother,spacecantellyouindeed.Themostimportantthinginspacedialogueiswhetherpeoplerespectoneanothersareas.Invadingotherpeoplesspacemightmeantrouble.60.Thebesttitleofthepassageprobablyis_A.Howinterestingspaceis!B.SpacedoesspeakindeedC.SpacecanbeeverywhereD.Oneshouldownhisspace,通州一D,1,2,3,4,5,6,Thereareseveralkindsofdistances(距离)peoplekeep.,Whetherpeopleareclosetogetherorfarfromeachother,spacecantellyouindeed.,Scientistsaretryingtofindouthowpeopleusethesedifferentdistances.,Sinceproxemicsisanewscience,therearentmanyconclusionsaboutthemeaningofspacesseparatingpeople.,Standinginlineatashopcounter,youcanlearnaboutspace.,Schoolisagoodplacetostudyhowspaceisusedandhowpeoplemarktheirownarea.,1,2,3,4,5,6,总分总,IlovedmusicwhenIwasyoung.Ilearnedtoplaytheguitarat11andIwrotemyfirstsongfouryearslater.Mydreamwastobecomeacountrysinger.Afteryearsofhardwork,arecordcompanywasshowinginterestinme.Onedayduringatriptomountains,afriendofferedmeabitofmeth,akindofdrugs(毒品).Ismokedit.AndthatwasallthatIthoughtaboutforthenextyearandahalf.Icouldntlivewithoutit.Whenthepolicecametome,Ilookedlikedeath.Thefirstsevendaysinprison,Ijustslept.WhenIwokeupontheeighthday,Ihadneverknownsuchshameandguilt(罪恶感).Iwalkeddownthehalltothepayphone.Mymamaisthesweetestpersonontheearth,andIknewthiswasgoingtobreakherheart.WhenIheardhervoiceonthephone,ItoldherwhereIwas.Shejustsaid,“Son,dontyouknowyoucantdoanythingtomakemenotloveyou?”Herwordsgavemetheconfidencetofacemytrouble.AndIalsorealizedthiswasmychancetostartanewlife.Whenpeoplehearmywords,IhopetheywillnotmakethesamemistakeasIhave,butIdoknowthatyoucanovercomealmostanything,especiallysmokingdrug.ThatswhyIsharemystoryhere.53.Thewriterspurposeintellinghisstoryisto_.A.showthedrugsdangerB.thankhismotherC.warnhisfriendsD.helpotherpeople,1,2,3,4,5,通州一B,53.Thewriterspurposeintellinghisstoryisto_.A.showthedrugsdangerB.thankhismotherC.warnhisfriendsD.helpotherpeople,IlovedmusicwhenIwasyoung.Ilearnedtoplaytheguitarat11andIwrotemyfirstsongfouryearslater.Mydreamwastobecomeacountrysinger.Afteryearsofhardwork,arecordcompanywasshowinginterestinme.Onedayduringatriptomountains,afriendofferedmeabitofmeth,akindofdrugs(毒品).Ismokedit.AndthatwasallthatIthoughtaboutforthenextyearandahalf.Icouldntlivewithoutit.Whenthepolicecametome,Ilookedlikedeath.Thefirstsevendaysinprison,Ijustslept.WhenIwokeupontheeighthday,Ihadneverknownsuchshameandguilt(罪恶感).Iwalkeddownthehalltothepayphone.Mymamaisthesweetestpersonontheearth,andIknewthiswasgoingtobreakherheart.WhenIheardhervoiceonthephone,ItoldherwhereIwas.Shejustsaid,“Son,dontyouknowyoucantdoanythingtomakemenotloveyou?”Herwordsgavemetheconfidencetofacemytrouble.AndIalsorealizedthiswasmychancetostartanewlife.Whenpeoplehearmywords,IhopetheywillnotmakethesamemistakeasIhave,butIdoknowthatyoucanovercomealmostanything,especiallysmokingdrug.Thatsw