数学符号及表达式英语读法.pdf

17.2.1999/H. V aliaho Pronunciation of mathematical expressions The pronunciations of the most common mathematical expressions are given in the list below. In general, the shortest versions are preferred (unless greater precision is necessary). 1. Logic there exists for all p qp implies q / if p, then q p qp if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent 2. Sets x Ax belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of A x / Ax does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of A A BA is contained in B / A is a subset of B A BA contains B / B is a subset of A A BA cap B / A meet B / A intersection B A BA cup B / A join B / A union B A B A minus B / the diff erence between A and B A BA cross B / the cartesian product of A and B 3. Real numbers x + 1x plus one x 1x minus one x 1x plus or minus one xyxy / x multiplied by y (x y)(x + y)x minus y, x plus y x y x over y =the equals sign x = 5x equals 5 / x is equal to 5 x ?= 5x (is) not equal to 5 1 x yx is equivalent to (or identical with) y x ? yx is not equivalent to (or identical with) y x yx is greater than y x yx is greater than or equal to y x yx is less than y x yx is less than or equal to y 0 x greater than /gret n/ y x is greater than y x y x is less than y x y x is greater than or equal to y x y x is less than or equal to y 0 x 1 zero is less than x is less than 1; x is greater than zero and less than 1 0 x 1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1; x is greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to 1 x x squared x x cubed x4x to the fourth; x to the power four xnx to the n; x to the nth; x to the power n x-nx to the minus n; x to the power of minus n root x; square root x; the square root of x the cube root of x the fourth root of x the nth root of x (x + y) x plus y all squared (x/y) x over y all squared n! n factorial; factorial n x% x percent infinity x y x varies as y; x is (directly) proportional to y x 1/y x varies as one over y; x is indirectly proportional to y x dot x double dot f(x) fx f of x; the function of x f(x) f dash x; the (first) derivative of with respect to x fx f double-dash x; the second derivative of f with respect to x f(x) f triple-dash x; f treble-dash x; the third derivative of f with respect to x f(4)f four x; the fourth derivative of f with respect to x v the partial derivative of v v delta v by delta theta, the partial derivative of v with respect to v delta two v by delta theta squared; the second partial derivative of v with respect to dv the derivative of v dv d d v by d theta, the derivative of v with respect to theta dv d d 2 v by d theta squared, the second derivative of v with respect to theta, integral integral from zero to infinity sum the sum from i equals 1 to n w.r.t. with respect to logey log to the base e of y; log y to the base e; natural log (of) y therefore because gives, approaches x 0 delta x approaches zero lim x0 the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to zero Lt x0 the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to zero m/sec metres per second x A x belongs to A; x is a member of A; x is an element of A x A x does not belong to A; x is not a member of A; x is not an element of A A B A is contained in B; A is a proper subset of B A B A is contained in B; A is a subset of B A B A intersection B A B A union B cos x cos x; cosine x sin x sine x tan x tangent x, tan x cosec x cosec x sinh x shine x cosh x cosh x tanh x than x |x| mod x; modulus x 18 eighteen degrees Centigrade 70 seventy degrees Fahrenheit Greek alphabet alpha /lf/ beta /bi:t/ gamma /gm/ delta /delt/ epsilon /epsiln/ zeta /zit/ eta /it/ theta /it/ iota /at/ kappa /kp/ lamda /lmd/ mu /mju/ nu /nju/ xi /ksa/ omicron /mkrn pi /pa/ rho /r/ sigma /sgm/ tau /t/ upsilon /jpsln/ phi /fa/ chi /ka/ psi /psa/ omega /mg Fractions a half / h:f/ a quarter / kwt/ three quarters /ri kwtz/ a third / :d/ two thirds /tu: :dz/ a fifth / ff/ two fifths /tu: ffs/ three fifths /ri ffs/ four fifths /f ffs/ a sixth / sks/ five sixths /fav skss/ an eighth /n et/ three eighths /ri ets/ five eighths /fav ets/ seven eighths /sevn ets/ Decimal Fractions 0.1 nought point one /n:t pnt wn/ 0.01 nought point oh one /n:t pnt wn/ 0.0001 nought point oh oh oh one /ten pnt wn/ 1.1 one point one /wn pnt wn/ 1.2 one point two /wn pnt tu:/ 1.23 one point two three /wn pnt tu: ri:/ 1.0123 one point oh one two three /wn pnt wn tu: ri:/ 10.01 ten point oh one /ten pnt wn/ 21.57 twenty-one point five seven /twent wn pnt fav sevn/ 2.6666666666. two point six recurring /tu: pnt sks rk:r/ 2.612361236123. two point six one two three recurring /tu: pnt sks wn tu: ri: rk:r/ 2.5 million two point five million /tu: pnt fav mljn/ SI Units: Prefixes 10-24yocto y /jkt/ 10-21zepto z /zept/ 10-18atto a /at/ 10-15femto f /femt/ 10-12pico p /pi:k/ 10-9nano n /nan/ 10-6micro /makr/ 10-3milli m /ml/ 10-2centi c /sent/ 10-1deci d /des/ 103kilo k /kl/ 106mega M /meg/ 109giga G /gi:g/ 1012tera T /ter/ 1015peta P /pet/ 1018exa E /eks/ 1021zeta Z /zet/ 1024yota Y /jt/ Cardinal Numbers 1 one /wn/ 2 two /tu:/ 3 three /ri:/ 4 four /f/ 5 five /fav/ 6 six /sks/ 7 seven /sevn/ 8 eight /et/ 9 nine /nan/ 10 ten /ten/ 11 eleven /levn/ 12 twelve /twelv/ 13 thirteen /:ti:n/ 14 fourteen /fti:n/ 15 fifteen /ffti:n/ 16 sixteen /sksti:n/ 17 seventeen /seventi:n/ 18 eighteen /eti:n/ 19 nineteen /nanti:n/ 20 twenty /twent/ 21 twenty-one /twentwn/ 22 twenty-two /twenttu:/ 23 twenty-three /twentri:/ 24 twenty-four /twentf/ 25 twenty-five /twentfav/ 26 twenty-six /twentsks/ 27 twenty-seven /twentsevn/ 28 twenty-eight /twentet/ 29 twenty-nine /twentnan/ 30 thirty /:t/ 40 forty /ft/ 50 fifty /fft/ 60 sixty /skst/ 70 seventy /sevent/ 80 eighty /et/ 90 ninety /nant/ 100 a hundred; one hundred / hndrd/ /wn hndrd/ 101 a hundred and one / hndrd n wn/ 102 a hundred and two / hndrd n tu:/ 110 a hundred and ten / hndrd n ten/ 120 a hundred and twenty / hndrd n twent/ 200 two hundred /tu: hndrd/ 300 three hundred /ri: hndrd/ 400 four hundred /f hndrd/ 500 five hundred /fav hndrd/ 600 six hundred /sks hndrd/ 700 seven hundred /sevn hndrd/ 800 eight hundred /et hndrd/ 900 nine hundred /nan hndrd/ 1 000 a thousand, one thousand / znd/ /wn znd/ 1 001 a thousand and one / znd n wn/ 1 010 a thousand and ten / znd n ten/ 1 020 a thousand and twenty / znd n twent/ 1 100 one thousand, one hunded /wn znd wn hndrd/ 1 101 one thousand, one hundred and one /wn znd wn hndrd n wn/ 1 110 one thousand, one hundred and ten /wn znd wn hndrd n ten/ 9 999 nine thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine /nan znd nan hndrd n nant nan/ 10 000 ten thousand /ten znd/ 15 356 fifteen thousand, three hundred and fifty six /ffti:n znd ri: hndrd n fft sks/ 100 000 a hundred thousand / hndrd znd/ 1 000 000 a million / mljn/ 100 000 000 a hundred million / hndrd mljn/ 1 000 000 000 a billion / bljn/ 100 000 000 000 a hundred billion / hndrd bljn/ 1 000 000 000 a trillion / trljn/ Ordinal Numbers 1st first /f:st/ 2nd second /seknd/ 3rd third /:d/ 4th fourth /f:/ 5th fifth /ff/ 6th sixth /sks/ 7th seventh /sevn/ 8th eighth /et/ 9th ninth /nan/ 10th tenth /ten/ 11th eleventh /levn/ 12th twelfth /twelf/ 13th thirteenth /:ti:n/ 14th fourtheenth /fti:n/ 15th fidteenth /ffti:n/ 16th sixteenth /sksti:n/ 17th seventeenth /seventi:n/ 18th eighteenth /eti:n/ 19th nineteenth /nanti:n/ 20th twentieth /twent/ 21st twenty-first /twentf:st/ 22nd twenty-second /twentseknd/ 23rd twenty-third /twent:d/ 24th twenty-fourth /twentf:/ 25th twenty-fifth /twentff/ 26th twenty-sixth /twentsks/ 27th twenty-seventh /twentsevn/ 28th twenty-eighth /twentet/ 29th twenty-ninth /twentnan/ 30th thirtieth /t/ 31st thirty-first /tf:st/ 数学符号的英语读法数学符号的英语读法 1.Cardinals and Ordinals 基数和序数 (1)100 以内的数词 基数 序数 Roman Arabic Numerals Numerals 罗马数字 阿拉伯数字 读法 数码 读法 I 1 one 1st the first II 2 two 2nd the second III 3 three 3rd the third IV 4 four 4th the fourth V 5 five 5th the fifth VI 6 six 6th the sixth VII 7 seven 7th the seventh VIII 8 eight 8th the eighth IX 9 nine 9th the ninth X 10 ten 10th the tenth XI 11 eleven 11th the eleventh XII 12 twelve 12th the twelfth XIII 13 thirteen 13th the thirteenth XIV 14 fourteen 14th the fourteenth XV 15 fifteen 15th the fifteenth XVI 16 sixteen 16th the sixteenth XVII 17 seventeen 17th the seventeenth XVIII 18 eighteen 18th the eighteenth XIX 19 nineteen 19th the nineteenth XX 20 twenty 20th the twentieth XXI 21 twenty-one 21st the twenty-first XXV 25 twenty-five 25th the twenty-fifth XXX 30 thirty 30th the thirtieth XL 40 forty 40th the fortieth L 50 fifty 50th the fiftieth LX 60 sixty 60th the sixtieth LXX 70 seventy 70th the seventieth LXXX 80 eighty 80th the eightieth XC 90 ninety 90th the ninetieth IC 99 ninety-nine 99th the ninety-ninth C 100 one hundred 100th the hundredth CII 102 a hundred 102nd the (one) hundred and two and second 246 two hundred and forty-six 751 seven hundred and fifty-one (2)1000 以上的数词 1,000 = one thousand 一千 10,000 = ten thousand 一万 100,000 = one hundred thousand 十万 1,000,000 = one million 一百万 10,000,000 = ten million 一千万 100,000,000=one hundred million 一亿 (3)十亿以上的大数，英美有不同的读法： 英国 美国 十亿 one thousand million = one billion 百亿 ten thousand million = ten billion 千亿 one hundred thousand million = one hundred billion 万亿 one billion = one trillion 2.Fractions 分数 通常将分子读为基数，将分母读为序数。 1/2 = a (or one) half 1/3 = a (or one) third 1/4 = a quarter or one fouth 1/5 = a (or one) fifth 2/3 = two thirds 9/10 = nine tenths 53/4 = five and three quarters 15/64= fifteen over (or by) sixty-four 15% = fifteen per cent 4 = four per mill 3.Decimals 小数 0.4 = zero (ornought ) point four .01 = point (or decimal) nought one 12.34 = twelve point three four 567.809 = five hundred and sixty-seven point eight nought nine 30.45 = thirty point four five, five recurring 0.3% = decimal three percent 4.Mathematic Forms 数学式 (1)Addition 加法 1+2=3 One and two are three. 2+3=5 Two plus three equals five. 4+0=4 Four and nought is equal to four. 45+70+152=267 45,70 and 152 added are (or make) 267 the sum (or total) is 267. 演算时的读法： Three and seven are ten; I write(or I write down,or I put down)a nought and carry one. Four and one that I carry are five, and eight make thirteen,and three sixteen; I write down six and carry one. One and one (that I carry) are two; I put down two.- The sum (or total, or the result of the addition) is two hundred and sixty. 37,80 and 143 added together, and(or make) 260. (2)Subtraction 减法 9-4=5 Nine minus four equals (or is equal to) five. 15-7=8 Seven from fifteen leaves eight. 23,654-8,175=15,479 8,175 (take or subtracted) from 23,654 leaves 15,479. The difference (or The remainder) is 15,479. Nine from five wont go. 演算时的读法：Nought from nought (leaves) nought. One from one leaves nought (or nothing). Two from three (leaves) one. I cant take (or subtract) five from four; I must borrow ten; five from fourteen leaves nine.- The difference (or The remainder) is nine thousand one hundred. 5210 (take or substracted) from 14,310 leaves 9,100. (3)Multiplication 乘法 10=0 One multiplied by nought equals nought. 11=1 Once one is one. 21=2 Twice one is two. 35=15 Three times five is fifteen 60=0 Multiply six by nothing, and the result is nothing. 演算时的读法: Five times nine (or Nine multiplied by five) are forty-five; I put down five and carry four. Five times seven are thirty-five and four (that I carry) are thirty-nine; I write down nine and carry three. Five times six make thirty and three (that I carry) thirty-three; I put down thirty-three. Eight times nine (or Eight nine) are seven two; I write two and carry seven. Eight sevens make fifty-six and seven are sixty-three. I put down three and carry six. Eight sixes make forty-eight and six fifty-four; I write down fifty-four. I now add the partial results (or products) Five. Two and nine are eleven. Three and three are six and one are seven. Four and three make seven. Five. (4)Division 除法 93=3 Nine divided by three maks (or is equal to) three. 205=4 Five into twenty goes four times. 456723=198 余 13 23 into 4567 goes 198 times, and 13 remainder. The quctient is 198, and 13 remainder. 演算时的读法: Fifteen into thirteen wont go ; fifteen into one hundred and thirty-eight goes nine times; nine times fifteen are one hundred and threty-five; one hundred and thirty-five from one hundred and thirty-eight leaves three; I bring down seven; fifteen into thirty-seven goes twice; twice fifteen are thirty; thirty from thirty-seven leaves seven. The (exact) quotient is ninety-two, and seven remainder; 15 into 1387 goes 92 times, and 7 remainder. 5.Time 时间 (1)Hours 钟点 2h.58 = two hours five minutes eight seconds 2 小时 5 分 8 秒 6.18 = six eighteen 6 时 18 分 8.30 a.m.= eight thirty a.m.ei em 上午 8 时 30 分 the 6.05 p.m.train = the six (nought) five p.m.pi:em train 下午6时零5 分列车 又二十四小时混合制的写法和读法如下： 0900 = 0 nine hunderd (上午)9 时 0910 = 0 nine ten (上午)9 时 10 分 1300 = thirteen hundred 13 时(下午 1 时) 1525 = fifteen twenty-five 15 时 25 分(下午 3 时 25 分) 2000 = twenty hundred 20 时(下午 8 时) at 5 oc =at five oclock 五点钟 (2)Date 日期 Oct.1 =October first 10 月 1 日 Oct.1st = October the first 10 月 1 日 Ist Oct. 1949 = teh first of October, nineteen forty-nine 1949年10月1日 3/5 = 英May (the) third 5 月 3 日；美March fifth 3 月 5 日 附注联系日期前置词用 on. (3)Year 年份 684 B.C. =Six eighty-four B.C. bi:si: 公元前 684 年 1960 = nineteen sixty; nineteen hundred and sixty 19- nineteen something 1950s nineteen fifties 二十世纪五十年代 附注联系年份的前置词用 in. 6.Numbers 号码 (1)Telephones Numbers电话号码 1023 = one O two three; ten twenty-three 1227 = one double two (or two two) seven 0386 = O three eight six 0096 = double O(or O O )nine six 7000 = seven O double O = seven thousand No.26= Number 26 第 26 号 Room 201 = Room two O one 第 201 房间 10 Changan Street = Ten Changan Street 长安街 10 号 (2)Writings 书籍作品 Vol.I= Volume one (or the first volume) 卷一 Chap.II= Chapter two (or the second chapter) 第 2 章 Page 3 = page Three (or the third page) 第 3 页 See pp.5-10 = See Pages five to ten 见第 5-10 页 Act V =Act five (or the fifth act) 第 5 幕 Hamlet III 1:56 = Hamlet Act Three, Secene One.Line fifty-six 哈姆雷 特第 3 幕第一场第 56 行 Matt.7:12 = Matthew, Chapter Seven, Verse Twelve 马可福音第七 章第 12 节 Beethoven Op.49 = Beethoven Opus forty-nine 贝多芬作品第 49 号 4to = quarto 四本开 8vo = octavo 八本开 (3)Other 其他 World War I = World War One 第一次世界大战 World War II = World War Two 第二次世界大战 Charles I= Charles the First 查理一世 Henry V = Henry the Fifth 亨利五世 Mr.- = Mr. Dash; Mr. So-and-so 某某先生 Mr.B - = Mr. B -Esq.,of -= the town of Blank Esquire of Blank University 某大学某某 先生 the town of = the town of Blank 某某城 The result of the game was 3-0 比赛结果是三比零。 7.Money 货币 (1)British currency 英币 6d. = six pence 六便士 1/2d. = a halfpenny 半便士 11/2d. = a peney halfpenny or three halfpeny or three halfpence 一便士半 1/4d. = a farthing 一个铜元 33/4d.= three pence three farghings 三便士三铜元 1s.6d.(or 1/6) = one (shilling) and six (pence) 一先令六便士 1.18 = (or1.18s.)= one pound eighteen (shillings) 一镑十八先令 1.3s.6d. = one pound, three shillings (and) sixpence 4/51/2(or4s.51/2d.) = four (shillings) and five pence halfpenny (2)U.S. currency 1.20 dollar (and) twenty (cents) 美金一元二角 4.25 = four dollars twenty-five cents 美金四元二角五分 (3)Soviet currency 前苏联币 6 Rb. 15 = six roubles fifteen kopecks 六卢布十五戈比 (4) German currency 德币 1 m. 60 = one mark sixty pfennig -马克六十芬尼 (5)French currency 法国币 1 fr.30 = one franc. thirty (centimes) -法郎三十生丁 0 fr.15 = fifteen centimes 十五生丁 (6) Chinese Peoples Currency 人民币 1.50 = one yuan and a half 一元五角 JMP 10.35 = JMP ten yuan thirty-five (fen) 人民币十元三角五分 附注：yuan 单复数没有变化： 也可作为日本本位币“圆”的符号。 8. Weight and Measures 度量衡 (1) length, area, and volume 长度、面积和容积 3 in = three inches 三英寸 15 ft.5 in = fifteen foot five (inches) 十五英尺五英寸 附注 尤其在 inches 省略时, ft.读作 foot;如果 inches 也念出来，ft 可 以读作 fett. 186 5/1= eighteen foot six and a fifth (inches) 108feet= ten by eight feet 十英尺长，八英尺宽 5431/2 = five inches by four by three and a half 长五英寸， 宽四英 寸，高三英寸半 附注 以上二例中，乘号表示面积或容积。 (2)Weight 重量 12dr.23 gr.= Twelve drams twenty-three grains 十二打兰二十三喱 10 oz. 4dr.= Ten ounces four drams 十盎司打兰 (3)Capacity 容量 3 gi. = three gills 三及耳 1 qt. 1 pt = one quart one pint 一夸脱一品脱 附注 qt.,pt. 的复数是 qts.,pts.,也可以不加 s. 20 gal. 5 qt. =Twenty gallons five quarts 二十加仑五夸脱 5 bu. 3 pk. = Five bushels three pecks 五蒲式耳三配克 符号的英文读法 period 句号 is approximately equal to 约等于号 ， comma 逗号 is less than 小于号 ： colon 冒号 is more than 大于号 ； semicolon 分号 is not less than 不小于号 ！ exclamation 惊叹号 is not more than 不大于号 ？ question mark 问号 is less than or equal to 小于或等于号 hyphen 连字符 is more than or equal to 大于或等于号 apostrophe 省略号 ；所有格符号 per cent 百分之 - dash 破折号 per mill 千分之 single quotation marks 单引号 infinity 无限大号 double quotation marks 双引号 varies as 与成比例 ( ) parentheses 圆括号 (square) root 平方根 square brackets 方括号 since; because 因为 French quotes 法文引号;书名号 hence 所以 . ellipsis 省略号 equ