小升初衔接班第二次课程讲义.doc

美途国际文化学校 快乐学 痛快玩小升初衔接班第二次课程讲义 代词.代词的概念分类及： 代词是代替名词、形容词或者数词的词。它分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词及疑问代词等。.代词的用法：1 人称代词：人称代词是表示“你”“我”“他（她/它）”、“我们”“你们”“他们（她们/它们）”的词语。人称代词即可指代人，也可指代物。它有人称、数和格的变化。其变化形式如下表： 格 数人称 单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称I我meweus第二人称You你youyouyou第三人称He他him他们They她们 它们themShe她herIt它it 注意：人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。 人称代词在句子中的作用：1 代词做表语。例如：-Who is behind the tree? Its me.-谁在树后面？ -是我。 2. 代词在句子中作动词或介词的宾语。例如： Please pass me the salt.请把盐递给我。 The books are for them.这些书是给他们的。 3. 代词作主语。例如： He is a teacher.他是个老师。 They want to climb trees.他们想爬树。 4. 几个人称代词连用时，注意它们的顺序要按英文的顺序排列。不同的单数人称代词连用时，它的顺序是：you and he; he and I; you and I; you, he and I.不同的复数人称代词连用时，其顺序是：we and you; you and they; we, you and they。例如： We, you and they are in the same class. 我们，你们和他们都在同一班级。 5. 在英语中由动词加副词组成的动词短语，如put on, take off, turn on/off 等，若用代词作它们的宾语，代词必须放在动词和副词的中间。 例:Those are their books, please put them away.这些事他们的书，请把它们收起来吧! 6. 代词“it”的用法: 多数情况下，it 表示除人以外的动物或物品，是单数名词的代词，意思是“它”。例如： -Whats on the floor? -Its a cat. -地上是什么啊? -是只猫。 代替自然现象、时间、距离等，此时it的含义是虚义的，不用译出来。例如： Its sunny today.今天天气晴朗。 Its ten oclock. 十点了。 Its a long journey from Beijing to Nanjing.北京到南京路途很远。2 指示代词:表示“这个”，“那个”，“这些”，“那 些” 等概念的代词叫作指示代词。常见的指示代词有：数指示代词 单数复数近指thisthese远指thatthose 指示代词在句子中通常作主语、定语及表语等。如：1 This is my coat. (主语) 这是我的外套。2 Those apples are hers. (定语) 这些苹果是她的。3 What are these? (表语) 这些是什么？3 不定代词：常见的不定代词有some, any, all, both, many, much, every, no等。其共同点是没有明确指定人或物。1 Many 和much 的用法：Many 和 much 都表许多，既可作主语也可做定语。Many 作定语后跟可数名词复数；作主语是表许多事物，这些事物是可数的，谓语动词用复数。Much 作定语后跟不可数名词，作主语时也表示许多，后加不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：I have many toys in my bedroom. (定语)我的卧室里有好多玩具。There isnt much juice in the cup. (定语) 杯子里没有多少果汁。Many of my friends are in China. (主语)我的许多朋友都在中国。The pool is full of water. Much is spilling.（主语）池子里积满了水，大多都溢出来了。 注意：a lot of, lots of, many, much 都表示许多，但a lot of = lots of后即可跟可数名词复数，也可跟不可数名词。2 No 的用法：No作不定代词，相当于not any, not a/an.例如：There is no bread in the fridge.=There is not any bread in the fridge.冰箱里没有面包。 I dont have a computer.= I have no computer.我没有电脑。3 some 和 any： some和any都表示“一些”。Some用于肯定句中，any用于否定和疑问句中。两者都可修饰可数名词复数及不可数名词。 例如：I will take some books for you.我将给你带来一些书本。 There is some food on the table.桌子上有一些事物。 We dont have any time to do it.我们没时间做这件事。 Could you prepare any pears for the kids? 你能给孩子们准备一些梨吗？疑问代词： 疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词。它包括：what什么，which哪一个（哪些）， who谁, whose谁的。它们一般放在句子开头，读作降调。疑问代词都属于第三人称，一般代表单数，偶尔指代复数。 疑问代词的用法：what:它兼有名词和形容词的性质，主要用于疑问句。在疑问代词中，它的用法最丰富，既可单独使用，也可以和一些名词词组使用。例如： Whats your name? 你叫什么名字？ Whats wrong with you? 你怎么了？除此之外，What还用于感叹句中。例如：What a fine day today! 今天多好的天气啊！ who：它是主格，只有名词性质，和whom相对应。它用于疑问句。例如: Who is not here today? 今天谁没来？ which: 用来指人或物品，它兼有名词及形容词的性质。例如： These are your flowers, which are mine? 这些是你的鲜花，哪些是我的？4 Whose:谁的。具有名词及形容词的性质。例如：Whose wig is this? 这是谁的假发?代词专项练习一、翻译下列短语。1.它的鼻子 2.把它捡起来3.一些水 4.他们中的许多5. the door of your room 6.his shirt7. a teacher of them 8. their presents9. 我的连衣裙 10. 谁的手表二、选择填空. 1. Look at the coat. beautiful. A. It are B. Its C. Its 2. Give a glass of milk. A. his B. he C. him 3. a dog and name is Spotty. A. Its, its B. Its, its C. Its, Its 4. - is on the floor? - a cat. A. How, Its B. Whats, Its C. Whats, Its 5. There isnt water in the bottle. A. any B. some C. no 6. I have rice. A. no B. any C. some 7. Lets help to read this story. A. him B. his C. he 8. I have a pet. I love very much. A. it B. its C. its 9. - your clothes？ -No， . A. Is this, it isnt B. Is this, they arent C. Are these. They arent 10. Jacks parents workers. A. both are B. are both C. all are 11. skirt is Lilys, the red one or the black one? A. which B. What C. Whose 12. Is this bedroom? A. they B. their C. them 13. Please give the sauce to . A. I B. me C. mine 14. Is this magazine? A. your B. yours C. you 15. - is that in English? A. Which B. Whose C. What 16. go to school at 8:00 in the morning. A. I and he B. He and I C. Her and I 17. Your dress is much bigger than . A. his B. him C. he 18. pen is broken. Can I borrow ? A. Mine, you B. My, yours C. Mine. Your 19. -Whose study is this? Its . A. mys B. mine C. I 20. Look! Its a rabbit. very cute. A. It B. Its C. Its三、改错、 1. This is Mrs. Green. We are hers pupils. A B C D 2. I dont have some questions. A B C D 3. They cant do it himself. A B C D 4. Whose season do you like best? A B C D 5. I have two pens. One is red, other is blue. A B C D 6. Does your brother often wash clothes themselves? A B C D 7. Only I and he know it. A B C D四、用be动词及适当的代词填空。1. I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are for _. (it) 2. Dont touch _. _ not a cat, _ a tiger! (It)3. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.4. The jeans _ on the desk.5. So many dogs. Lets count _. (they)6. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _. (I)7. The two cups of milk _ for me.8. Some tea _ in the glass.9. That is not _camera. _is at home. (he)10. _ there any kites