流体力学_第二版_景思睿_张也影_课后答案[1-8章].khda(1).pdf

1 1 1.3 300mm200mm 210mm, 900 kg/m3,=0.260 x10- 3 m2/s =10 rad/s 3 3 3 1 22 1 2 1 2 2 10.210 0.3 900 0.260 103.140.882 N m 20.2100.200 inin inout- in in inm in outin outin DDU MF, FS, U, SD L, DD 2 D DDL M D L 2D- D D- D 2 1.4 C y 0.048 Pa s 4mm2 ()cyy u 4 max um / s 1y 2 duc =0 -y -y =0 y= dy2 u y= 2 y= 2 2 c 22 4 4 416 4 max c( - ) u= c m/s y x u 3 2 2 192 (N/m ) 2 3 2 2 16 0, 0.048192 N/m 4 10 192 (N/m ) 2 duc = = - y dy c y c y, 4 1) 2U=39mm/s, 0.62Pa s G 2 U dL Dd 2 dUL = G Dd L D d G 1.9 G=190N, d=152 mm, D=152.02 mm, L=200 mm. 2 2 2 5 3 33 2 ()190 (152.02 152) 10 U 22 0.62 3.14 152 10200 10 3.21 10 (m/s) G Dd dL 3 333 ()190(152.02152) 10 22 39 103.14 152 10200 10 0.51(Pa s) G Dd U dL (1) (2) 6 3 m 1 122 56 1 21 2 1 3.4 101.70 10 0.2 pV = p V V p = p V 5 1 3.40 10E = p Pa 6 2 1.70 10E = p Pa 7 1.15 1.14 1 122 1.4 56 1 21 2 1 1211 1222 11 1 2212122 1 11121211 1 1 6 2 21 1 1 3.4 103.24 10 0.2 3.24 10 (40273) (3.40 kk k k kk kk 22 k pV = p V V p = p V ppp = p TpTpppp = TpTpppp p T =T p 1.4 1 1.4 5) 596 ( ) 10 k 8 66 2 1.4 3.24 104.54 10 ()pPa 55 1 1.4 3.40 104.76 10 ()pPa 1 2.4 h,k . 0 kh 0 2 0 0 0 0 22 2 0000 0 22 2 2 p h h dp gkhg dh dpkhgdh gg pkhkh kk g pkhh : p g z p g h pm A h h1 h3 h2 B p 2.10 h=500mm, h1=200mm, h2=250mm, h3=150mm, B 4 2.45 10 m pPa 3 13600 /kg m 3 843 /kg m 1132 1123 43 4 2.45 101 109.80.5000.200 13600 9.80.2000.250843 9.8 0.150 2.74 10 () m m pg hhghghghp ppg hhg hhgh Pa : 2.14 b =1.5 m, = 60H = 1.5 m, a = 20 cm Q : 2 sin C HH Fg h Sgb 3 1 12sin 2sin 2sinsin 2 3 sin XC DC C H b IH yy HH y S b H H Q a y 3 4 cos sin 2 2 sin3 sin cos sin 1.51.521.5 1 109.81.50.20 2sin603sin60 1.5 0.20 cos60 sin60 2.68 10 D H QaF ya HHH gba Q H a Pa H Q a y 2.45 101 109.80.5000.200 13600 9.80.2000.250843 9.8 0.150 ppg hhg hhgh m ppg hhg hhgh m 2.45 101 109.80.5000.200 2 6 m A 2m 2.20 3m() A? ACAB FVFH RWACAB 21 2 12 1 , 4 1, 4 4 WR b gFgRbFg Rb 1 1 AC 1 215 R 3 1 1 12 515 XC DC C bR I yy y SbR W F2 F1 FH Fv R 3 4 1 215 R 1 2R o x y x Ox, y) 5 1 25 2 2222 2235 510=10 1000 9.8 3=2.94 10 () 1 4(8)3.28 10 () 4 10(8) 10(8)109.8 34.40 10 () H V HV FFgRbgbN FFWR b ggRbgbN FFFgb N 2 2 1 215 4 32 44 4 16 323 83(8) V V R y RR F xWF RRR WFR R x F W F2 F1 FH Fv R 3 4 1 215 R 1 2R o x y 10 0.898 41.9 8 H V Fx tg Fy AA y y x l h a 2.28 Ul200mm h =100mma p=p(x, y) pp dpdxdyadxgdy xy dp=0 1 ()0 1 0 1 0 gap p g y p a x 215 4 32 44 RR F xWF RR 44 WFR 32 F xWFF xWF 3 , aa dydxyxc gg x = 0 y = hch hx g a y x = l y = 0 2 0 100 9.84.9 / 200 al h g h agm s l y x l h a y x l h a g a 2 100 9.84.9 / 200 ah gl h agm s l 1 3.9a 22 , , u= ax+tv=aytw=0 : (1) 22 2222 1 224 1 ln()ln() ()() () dxdy = axtayt axt=ay+tcaxtayt=c a xya xy tt = c 224 1 2 ()a xya x+ y tt =c z=c 2 2 dx= ax+t dt dy=- ay- t dt 1 2 2 1 3 () 1 () 2 - at- at- at 2- at- at 2 - at- at 2 at dx ax=t dt dxd eae x= e txe= e t dtdt xe= e t dt+c x=a t +2at+2 +ce a 2 2 2 3 () 1 (22) 2 atat2atat2atat2at 2 - at dy= ay t dt dyd e- ae y=- t eye= t eye =t e dt+c dtdt ya tat+c e a 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 3 3 1 (22) 1 (22) at at x=a t + at+ce a y=a tat+c e a z=c 3- 161 55 20.0120.012xt , y=t , z= x=8 2 t =10253 u= yzt, u= yzt, w=0 x = 8 2 5 5 82 820.01 12.9 (s) 0.01 tt 11 22 5353 0.0112.90.0112.90.135 () 2222 0.135 () 0 2 2 x 2 2 y z d x a =m s dt am s a - at- at 2 xe= e t dt+c - at- at 2 x=a t +2at+2 +ce xe= e t dt+c 2 2 (2) 2 2 2 2 x y uuu a =+u+v= yz+xz t txy vvv a =+u+v= xz+ yz t txy t =102, 5, 3 222 222 5 32 3101815 (m s ) 2 35 3104506 (m s ) 0 x y z a a a 3- 17a, b ,c 2t tt kkk x= ae, y=be , z= ce 22 22 11 11 tt kk tt kk tt kk x x= ae u=ae =x tkk y y=be v=ae =y tkk z z=ce w=ce =z tkk 211 0 uvw V =+=+= xyzkkk 2 30 2 ijk V = xyz yz x kkk 4 000 uuuwvw += , += , += yxzxyx 2 1 (3)AEBBA0.0337 m3 A BBC C D EF 0.15 m 0.15 m 0.15 m(2)z CCFDC 0.150.1511/20.150.151 0.0337 m3 4.1 (1), ABCD; ,AEBCFDA. 12 12 0 0 , 3.53 3 3 cs h V ndAQQ x QUhQcdxch h chUh U c U y x 1 22 h 1 F,0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 V D d F y x . 45 V V V 0 CS VndA m 22 22 11 0 44 4 DVdVm mV Dd (1) 22 sin45 44 x cs Fu V ndA FDV VdVVmV (2) 222. 222 1 sin45 4 2 0.10.021000 51 42 321() FDdV N 2 2 V 3 2 4.15 :, Rh 0 r CS VndA VrVr 12 2 12 2 22 0 , 2 4 0.1 4 0.00625 ( ) 288 0.200 rr AVAV ADARh D D hm RR jV r V C V 0 60 F 1 2 2 2 2 1 r V r V x jV rV C V 0 60 F 1 2 2 2 2 1 rV rV x x 12 2 1 2 2 23 cos60 1 cos60 1 cos60 4 100030 150.1001 cos607.95 10 4 r xr cs rrrr r jc FVVndA FV A VV AV FV A VVD N a) 221 21 3 3 , cos30 , 0 Rcos30 4 10 0.200 17 cos301 10 60 0.196 r r TrVrVm mQ VVV TVQ N m T rV 200 Rmm 30 r V b 22 3 , cos30 ( cos30) cos30 0.18 17 cos300.2 6.11 4 10 10000.2 60 6.11 60 58.4 /min 2 r r r TRVQVVR TRVRQ T V R Q R r Vrcos30o 2 VUR 100030 150.1001 cos607.95 10100030 150.1001 cos607.95 10 3 1 2 P1,T1,V1 P2,T2,V2 4.22 22 21 21 2121 22 p VV mhhQW hhCTT 22 21 21 22 33 4 22 12575 11.004 1034528818 10 22 8.02 10 () p VV Wm CTTQ W 0 0 ( )2( )2( ) 0 0 ( )0 uv V xy u vdyf xaxdyf xaxyf x x yvf x v2axy =1+1+10 uvw xyz uvw xyz uvw xyz 1 5. 1 320 km/h 15 C, 101.3 kPa3m1/20 1 2 1400 kPa15 C315 C (1) 3 3 ReRe 203206.40 10 / 1.78 10 / pm pm ppp m mpp mpmm m VlVl ll VVV ll km h Vm s 33 999.1/, 1.139 10kg mPa s 35 101.3 1.226(/), 1.785 10 287288 P Kg mPa s RT 3 5 1.2261.13910 20320501 / 999.11.78510 139 / pp m mp mpm m l VV l kmh Vms 101.3 120320463 / 1400 129 / pppp mm mpp mpmmpm m lpl VVV lpl kmh Vms (2) 1/3 1m1.2m/s 200N p mm pm pmp pm lVlVl VV l 3 /1 .999mkgsPa 3 10139. 1 3 1.205 /kg msPa 5 1081. 1 5 3 999.11.81 101 1.25.27 / 1.2051.139 103 p Vm s 22 Re 1 2 D f lV 22 22 31.2055.27 20041.9 1999.11.20 ppp pm mmm lV DDN lV 2222 ReRe 11 22 mp DD lVlV mp mp VV mp VV 2 m m pp mp VlVV Vlglgl 222222 223 3 6 (), 111 222 50 30 3.75 10 1 pppp pmm mmmm FFF f Fr lVlVlV pm lVl FFFN lVl NL 23 /NLV flV 2123 1311 NFVMLt LtML t LLVLtMLML t 111 1 1 L V VL LV 22 2 222 00 02331 2 22 2222 22 2 23 23 01 1 023 2 03 3 NL VM L tML tMLLLt N LV NVL f LV 23 =NLV f LV 1 1 2 0max max 2 max 1 sin 2 2 sin , 0.8 4 ppugl ug md VVu d l 3 sin 75, 1.66 / 3 max dmm, =0.2, lmm kg mkg/m V = u max 3 6- 2. sin75, 1.66 / 3 max u dmm, =0.2, mm kg mkg/m u 2 2 2 0.8sin 4 2 800 0.80.21.669.81 0.075 0.2 41.66 0.497 (/ ) mdgl kg s 12 6.6 30,15 80, 10, dcm dcm UHcm hcm 22 1122 12 22 122121 22 1122 22 1 ()() (1) 2 pVpV zz gggg ppzz gVV VdV d (2) 12 1 d 2 d H h 1 212 30,1580, 10 dcm dcmHcm hcm (1),(2) 4 2 2 122 1 12 12 1 1 (3) 2 () d ppHgV d U pghghgHp ppgHgh 22 222 4 2 1 3 23 4 3 (4) (3)(4) 2 () 44 1 () 2 9.81 (13.6 1) 100.10 0.150.0907 (/ ) 4 15 1 101 30 gh Qd Vd d d ms (6) 2 223 6.23 , =3 1 2 - 3- 1 - 3- 1 VAx y iBxy jAm s B m s 1 22 3(2)2( 3)0 uv Vxyx y xy 22 23 3 3 2 x y y x yC xy x 223 32Vx y ixy j )2 223 32232 320 ( 2)(3)260 ijk V xyz x yxy kxyx ykyx y xy 6.34 m15 m/s 10m 110 x,x . 21015 m / s, 15 15 215 2130 2 m mr r 3 30 15 cosln15 (lncos ) 2 rrrr m15 m/s 10 m 22 6.38 22 , 1.12, (1, 2) 4.8 , (9,6) 3 xxy = kg/mpkPa 1 22 22 14 , 4 4 , 4 xy xxyy 2 ) 4 , 4( ) 4( )1 4 ( )1 ( ) (4) yxyf y xy xfyxfyf yyC yx xyyC 22 22, 1.12, (1, 2) 4.8 3 xxy= kg/mpkPa (9,6) 2 0 3 222 22 2 1 2 222 2 22 1122 22 2112 3223 2 2 ( 4 )( 14 ) 4 ( 2)14 1642589 4 614 92437 11 22 1 2 1 4.8 101.12 (892437 )3.76 10 () 2 Vyx xy V V pVpV ppVV Pa 1 7- 5 U1U2x N- S b 1 U x y 2 U 12 ,U U 0 p x 0 0 0, 0 ( ) u vw x uu zt uu y 2 2 0 0 0 u y p g y p z 21 0yuUybuU 12 uc yc 12 221 , UU cUc b 2 21 Uy b UU u 0 =0 0 pp p p y xz dp gpgyc dy 0 pgy p y = 0 p0, 7- 12305 mm300 m 15 m1251mm 34f = 0.05 0.305 , 300 , 15 L dmlmhm , ( 51 ), , W rmmuV 1)7- 33 2 44 0.305 1000 9.81 15 37.4 (/) 4 300 L W d ghd p ll N m 27- 34 2 22 37.4 51 12.5 (/) 305 wr N m d uc yc 2 3 * 37.4 0.193 (/ ) 1000 W um s 2 2 15 0.305 22 9.812.45 (/ ) 0.05 300 L L l V hf dg h d Vgm s f l 4 7- 1760 l / s 20 cm1000 m 62 1.0 10/ ,vms 3 1000/.kg m smvmcmdsQ/100 . 1,1000,20,/60 26 3 /1000mkg , L hW 3 22 5 6 44 60 10 1.91 () 3.14 0.20 1.91 0.20 Re3.82 10 1 10 Q Vm/s d Vd v 0.06 mm 0.06 0.0003 200d 6 5 12.516.571 10 2.0 log ()2.0 log (8.109 10) 3.7Re d fff 0166. 0f 22 10001.91 0.016615.4 20.202 9.81 L V hfm dg 33 1000 9.81 60 1015.49.06 10 () L W =gQhW 7- 181.25 m 200 m8 cm smvmkg/104 . 1,/2 . 1 253 mm1 min/ 3 m 352 1.2/,1.4 10/ ,1.25 ,200 8 , 1 L kg m vms dm lm hcmmm Q 2 22 2 1000 8 1066.7 ( ) 1.2 200 21.252 9.81 8.18 (1) L L hm l VV hff dg f V Re3.82 10Re3.82 10 3 (1)(2)6 (1)(2)6 223 33 0.02 20.22 Re1.81 10 0.018720.911.87 10 0.0187, 3.14 1.2520.925.66 / 44 1.54 10 /min e fV fVR f Qd Vms Qm 4 5 1.25 Re8.93 10 (2) 1.4 10 /1/12500.0008 3 Vd VV v d 4 4 5 (1)(2) 8.18 Re8.93 10 10.00082.51 2.0 log 3.78.18 8.93 10 0.00082.51 2.0 log 3.72.55 10 f f f f 0188. 0f 7- 19300 l/s 1000 m 2 mdsmv/1087. 0 26 300 / , 1000 , 2 L Ql s lm hm smv/1087. 0 26 d 2 2 23 2 5 5 3 26 4 () 10004 300 101 222 9.813.14 3.717 (1) 44 300 101 Re 0.87 10 L Q l Vl d hfff dgdgd df VdQ d vdvd 5 1 Re4.39 10 (2) d 0.30 mm (3) 1235 1235 125 3 0.020.5946Re7.381 100.000505 0.01720.5770Re7.607 10 0.0005200.01710.5763Re7.618 10 0.0005210.0 fdm d fdm fd d f d 171, 0.576d 2.0 log 2.0 log 10004 300 101 4 7.20ab a / b b a 22 2 2 3 2 2 Re222 1() 2 28() () e L eeee ab d ab cl Vcl Vclv V h Vddgdgg d v clv Qclvab Q ab g abgab ab 2 3 32 () 8 2()(1)0 8 1 1 L L clv Qs ha g sa c dhclv Qss a dag saa a s asba a b a c b ba abs 2 3 () 8() L clvab hQ gab 1.5 /Vm s 8mm 7.27 1.5 m/s 3 1.23 /kg m 3 1.5/ ,1.23 /Vm skg m a p 2 2 1 Vpp a 0 3 22 , 22 109.81 0.008 56.7 1.23 1.5 ppgh gh V h smv/102 . 1 24 sm /104 34 4243 1.2 10/ , 4 10/ , 20vms Qms dmm h 4 22 4 22 44 4 10 1.273 (m/s) 3.14 0.02 1.273 0.02 Re212.2 () 1.2 10 6464 0.302 Re212.2 41.273 0.3024.99 (1) 20.022 9.81 L Q V d Vd v f l V hf dg 20 mm 1.3 0.87 4Hm h Q 1 2 1 H 2 H b 1 b 5 22 1122 12 21 22 4 (2) L L pVpV zzh gggg pp h g 1122 2112 21 ()() 4 (3) pgHghghgHp ppg HHgh pp h g 0.87 4.9910.1 ( ) (4) 1.30.87 L hhm (2)(3) 20 mm 1.3 0.87 4Hm h Q 1 2 1 H 2 H 1 , CByAusin( sin() 1 0,0 2 , ,0 uAByC yu