天津市2018届高考英语二轮复习第四部分阅读表达专题二十二阐述写作意图课件.pptx

专题二十二阐述写作意图,-2-,考情概览写作意图题或态度推断题包含两个方面的内容,一是推测作者的写作意图或者态度,二是对文中的具体内容作出推理和判断。考生需要透过文字内容体会作者的态度、观点和说话的语气,从而准确判断作者的写作意图。考生还要分清文章的体裁,如果是议论文,一定要找准作者的论点;如果是说明文,一定要找出作者说明的中心。此外,考生还要根据文章的字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节、理解文章的寓意等。,-3-,1.推断写作意图写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述,揣测作者的写作意图。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实,客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意,而且要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳分析和总结的能力。主要的设题方式有:Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext?Whatsthepurposeofthetext?Forwhatpurposedoestheauthormention.inParagraph.?常用的回答方式有:Totell/show/informusthat.Togiveususefultips/adviceonhowto.Toencourage/persuade/warnustodo.,-4-,2.推断观点和态度观点态度推断题考查考生是否理解作者或者文中人物对某事物所持的观点或者态度。这就要求考生在正确理解文章大意的基础上,对观点或者态度倾向进行分析、识别,关注作者对人物心理或者细节的描写,对文章所交代的人物或者事情进行评判。主要设题方式有:Whatdoestheauthorreallymeanbysaying.?Whydoestheauthormention.?Whichistheresultof.?Whatkindofattitudedoestheauthorhavetowardsthequestion?Whatdoes.imply?Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?,-5-,解答这类题目时,考生首先要吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的线索,这是推理的前提和基础。其次,要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工,由表及里,由浅入深,从具体到抽象,从特殊到一般,通过分析、判断等进行符合逻辑的推理。不能就事论事,断章取义,以偏概全。同时,要忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知,推断未知。不能主观臆想,凭空想象,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。最重要的是,要把握句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系,了解语篇的结构。还要体会文章的基调,摸准逻辑发展的方向,悟出作者的弦外之音,揣摩出作者的态度。回答要紧扣题目,语言既要完整,又要简洁,不要超过规定词数。,-6-,【典例分析】3AccordingtoScienceDaily,anewstudypredictsthatbytheyear2100,manyoftodaysfamiliarclimateswillbereplacedbyclimatesunknownintodaysworld.Itisurgentthatwereducetherisksofthesefar-reachingconsequencesforthewholeworld.Theplanetitselfhasbeenshowingsignsofchange.In2004,aserioustsunamicreatedbyamajorearthquakekilledthousandsinSumatraandin2008,thousandsdiedinChinabecauseofanothersevereearthquake.Egyptwashitin2009withamajorearthquakeandHaitiwasdestroyedin2010byyetanothermassiveearthquake.WhatistheauthorspurposeinusingtheexamplesofearthquakesinParagraph3?(nomorethan12words)_,-7-,Toshowthatmajorchangesaretakingplaceontheplanet.本题要求说出本段作者引用几起地震的例子的目的,需要根据上下文推测出作者的意图。纵观整个段落,本段中作者的主要观点是Theplanetitselfhasbeenshowingsignsofchange.后面跟了一系列例子,都是为了证明作者的这个观点,所以使用这些例子的意图就比较明显了。,-8-,A,B,C,Ialwaysdovoluntaryworkinthehospital.Asapatientvisitor,myprimarygoalistodeliverqualityservicestopatientsandfamilies.Byprovidingcompanionshipforpatientsinasometimeslonelyenvironment,Itrymybesttoserveandhelptodiminishthelonelinessandfrustrationpatientsmayfeelafterstayinginahospitalforastretchoftimeforweeksorevenmonths.,-9-,A,B,C,EverySaturdayafternoonforthreetofourhours,withalistofpatientswhohaverequestedapatientvisitorservice,Iheaduptothe5th,6th,or7thfloortofirstvisitmyprioritypatients.Atthenursesstation,Ikindlyaskthenursesorthemedicalstaffabouttheconditionofthepatientsonthatunitandconfirmthatthepatientswouldlikeavisitor.Afterreceivinganupdatefromthenurse,Igentlyknockonthedoorofthepatientsandenterwithafriendly“hello”.Then,Iintroducemyselfandagainpolitelyaskiftheywouldlikeapatientvisitor.Iusuallytrytoprepareafewstartingconversationtopicssuchasthecurrentnews,sportsscoresandfunfacts.However,thepatientsusuallyengagemefirstinaninterestingconversation.,-10-,A,B,C,Whenvolunteeringasapatientvisitor,Ispentalotoftimecommunicatingone-on-onewithpatients.Individualpatientshadindividualneedsandpossessedextraordinarypersonalstories.Therefore,Ifoundeveryvisitfascinating.Fromgenerousandkindpatients,Ihavelearnedabouttheirdiseasesandtheircourseoftreatment.Additionally,Ilearnedaboutliterature,lifeduringtheGreatDepressionandwildernessofNorthernMinnesota.Onthewhole,notonlydidIlearnaboutthehospitalsettingsandsystem,butIlearnedaboutthediverselifeofothers.,-11-,A,B,C,ManyofthepatientsIhavevisitedweretrulyinspiringandIalwaysadmirethemfortheirstrength.Althoughdifficult,theywereoftenwillingtosharetheirstoriesofpain,suffering,hopesandoptimism.IrealizethatIamtrulygratefulandhonoredthattheywouldsharetheirpersonalstorieswithjustavolunteerlikeme.,-12-,A,B,C,1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminish”inParagraph1mean?(1word)2.Whatarethetopicstheauthorpreparesforthepatients?(Nomorethan10words)3.Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromhertalkingwiththepatients?(Nomorethan12words),Reduce.,Thecurrentnews,sportsscoresandfunfacts.,Shelearnedthehospitalsettingsandsystemanddiverselifeofothers.,-13-,A,B,C,4.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthepatientstellinghertheirstories?(Nomorethan8words)5.Whatcanyoulearnfromtheauthorsstory?(Nomorethan15words),Shefeelstrulygratefulandhonored.,Irealizedthateveryonecanmakeadifferencethroughdoingvoluntarywork.,-14-,A,B,C,Doyouwanttoimprovethewayyoustudy?Doyoufeelnervousbeforeatest?Manystudentssaythatalackofconcentrationistheirbiggestproblem.Itseriouslyaffectstheirabilitytostudy,sodotheirtestresults.Ifso,usethesetipstohelpyou.StudyTechniques.Youshouldalwaysstudyinthesameplace.Youshouldntsitinapositionthatyouuseforanotherpurpose.Forexample,whenyousitonasofatostudy,yourbrainwillthinkitistimetorelax.DontwatchTVwhileyouarestudying.Expertswarnthatyourconcentrationmaybereducedby50percentifyouattempttostudyinthisway.Alwaystrytohaveawhitewallinfrontofyou,sothereisnothingtodistractyou.,-15-,A,B,C,Beforesittingdowntostudy,gathertogetheralltheequipmentyouneedapartfromyourtextbooks,pens,pencilsandknivesandmakesureyouhaveadictionary.Ifyourstudydeskortableisneededwhenyouarenotstudying,storeallyourequipmentinaboxbesideit.Youreyeswillbecometiredifyoutrytoreadatextwhichisonaflatsurface.Positionyourbookatanangleof30degrees.Berealisticanddonttrytocompletetoomuchinonestudyperiod.Finishonethingbeforebeginninganother.Ifyouneedabreak,getupandwalkaroundforafewminutes,buttrynottotelephoneafriendorhavesomethingtoeat.,-16-,A,B,C,Test-takingSkills.Allyourhardworkwillbefornothingifyouaretoonervoustotakeyourtest.Gettingplentyofrestisveryimportant.Thismeans“donotstudyallnightbeforeyourtest”!Itisabetterideatohavealong-termstudyplan.Trytomakeatimetableforyourstudywhichlastsforafewmonths.Exerciseisagreatwaytoreducepressure.Doingsomeformofexerciseeverydaywillalsoimproveyourconcentration.Eathealthyfoodtoo.Whenyouarriveintheexaminationroom,findyourseatandsitdown.Breatheslowlyanddeeply.Checkthetimeontheclockduringthetest,butnottoooften.Aboveall,takenonoticeofeveryoneelseandgivethetestpaperyourundividedattention.,-17-,A,B,C,1.Whatistheauthorspurposeofthepassage?(Nomorethan15words)2.Pleaseexplaintheunderlinedword“distract”inEnglish.(Nomorethan5words)3.Whatshouldntyoudowhenyoutakeabreak?(Nomorethan10words),Tointroducetipsabouthowtostudyefficientlyandhowtotakeatest.,Makelessconcentrated.,Telephoneafriendorhavesomethingtoeat.,-18-,A,B,C,4.Whatisthemostimportanttipwhenyoutakeanexam?(Nomorethan15words)5.Whichtipdoyouthinkisusefultoyou?Why?(Nomorethan20words),Dontnoticeothersandgiveyourundividedattentiontothetestpaper.,Open.,-19-,A,B,C,Iwentonlinetocheckifmypaywasinmybankaccount.TomyamazementIdiscoveredthatnotonlyhadIbeenpaid,acompanyIdneverworkedforhadalsopaidme!IknewIdhavebeenbesidemyselfifmyownsalarywasnotinmyaccount,soItriedtogetthemoneybacktotherightperson.Easiersaidthandone.Thebankcouldnthelpasitwasntabankproblem.Thehuman-resourcedepartmentatthecompanythatpaidmewasunabletohelpasIdidnthaveenoughdetails.Irangthebankagain.ThankfullyIhadasympatheticcalloperatorwhogavemeaname,soIagainrangthecompany“Daniel”workedfor.,-20-,A,B,C,IexpectedthebankwouldcontactmetoarrangetotakethemoneyfrommyaccountandrepayDaniel.IheardnothingforamonthandthemoneyremainedinmyaccountwhenDanielcalled,explaininghedtriedtogetbackhismoneybuthadbeenunsuccessfulasneitherthebanknorhiscompanyfeltitwastheirerror.HehadrungtoaskifIcouldspeaktothebank,butafterchattingforafewminuteswerealizedwecouldprobablyfixthisproblemourselves.,-21-,A,B,C,WedecidedIwouldtakethemoneyfrommyaccountandhewouldpickitupfromme.Duetomybusyjob