天津市2018届高考英语二轮复习第四部分阅读表达专题二十一概括主旨和要义课件.pptx

专题二十一概括主旨和要义,-2-,考情概览主旨大意题要求考生概括出文章主旨、标题,或者文章中某一段落的大意或标题,主要考查考生对文章内容整体把握的能力,即考查考生的归纳总结能力。要回答好主旨大意题,考生必须有很强的概括能力或者归纳能力,要善于寻找能够概括全文的主题段落或者主题句,要分清主旨和细节。概括出来的中心意思一定要覆盖全文或者整个段落,绝对不可太笼统、离题太远或者以偏概全。阅读时要注意抓住文章开头的主题句,把握关键词和文章最后的结论。注意文章标题可以是完整的句子,可以是简洁的短语,也可以用问句的形式。,-3-,1.主旨归纳这种问题要求在把握好全文或某一段内容的基础上,对文章或段落的主旨大意进行归纳。常用的命题方式有:Whatisthetextmainlyabout?(Nomorethan.words)Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?(Nomorethan.words)Whatadviceisgiveninthe.paragraph?(Nomorethan.words)在进行主旨归纳时,应该首先看一看文章首尾段是否对全文进行了归纳,如果是这样,我们通过归纳文章首尾段就能得到文章的主旨;如果上述情况不存在,我们就需要对全文进行归纳总结。在归纳文章主旨时,一定要注意紧扣能够体现文章主旨的关键词。常用的回答形式有:名词短语/动词-ing短语;What/How/Whether+从句/to.;Why+名词性从句,-4-,【典例分析】2So,whenAshleywassixteen,shelaunchedherownwebsite,calledGooseHead.Shehadnoideahowbigasuccessitwouldbe,butthreeyearslater,thesitewasthemostsuccessfulteensiteintheUSA!Itwasgetting100,000hitseveryday,andAshleyhadabout30employees.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?(Nomorethan6words)_AshleysGooseHeadwasabigsuccess.本段说的是Ashley创办网站,后面的叙述都是在说网站的成功,关键词是success,由此可得出答案。,-5-,2.标题归纳这种题型非常类似于阅读理解中的标题选择题,即要求考生在整体把握全文的基础上,用最简洁的语言归纳文章的标题。常用的命题方式有:Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?(Nomorethan.words)标题归纳和主旨归纳在本质上是一样的,因此一篇阅读表达不可能同时出现两种题型,其方法也跟主旨归纳相似,考生可以首先找一找句子的主题句,如果有主题句,可以对主题句稍作加工;如果没有主题句,就需归纳全文。注意:在归纳文章标题时,一要注意扣准能够体现文章主旨的关键词,二要语言简洁,富有吸引力和特色。,-6-,A,B,C,1Eachspringbringsanewblossomofwildflowersintheditches(路沟)alongthehighwayItraveldailytowork.2Thereisoneparticularblueflowerthathasalwayscaughtmyeye.Ivenoticedthatitbloomsonlyinthemorninghours,fortheafternoonsunistoowarmforit.Everydayforapproximatelytwoweeks,Iseethosebeautifulflowers.,-7-,A,B,C,3Thisspring,Istartedawildflowergardeninouryard.Icanlookoutofthekitchenwindowwhiledoingthedishesandseetheflowers.Iveoftenthoughtthatthoselovelyblueflowersfromtheditcheswouldlookgreatinthatbedalongsideotherwildflowers.EverydayIdrovepasttheflowersthinking,“Illstoponmywayhomeanddigthem.”“Gee,Idontwanttogetmygoodclothesdirty.”Whateverthereason,Ineverstoppedtodigthem.Myhusbandevengavemeafoldingshovel(铲子)oneyeartobeusedforthatexpressedpurpose.4Onedayonmywayhomefromwork,Iwassaddenedtoseethatthehighwaydepartmenthadmovedtheditchesandtheprettyblueflowersweregone.Ithoughttomyself,“Waytogo,youwaitedtoolong.Youshouldhavedoneitwhenyoufirstsawthembloomingthisspring.”,-8-,A,B,C,5Aweekagowewereshockedtoknowthatmyoldestsister-in-lawhasaterminalbraintumor(脑瘤晚期).Sheis20yearsolderthanmyhusbandandunfortunately,becauseofageanddistance,wehaventbeenascloseasweallwouldhaveliked.6Icouldnthelpbutseetheconnectionbetweentheprettyblueflowersandtherelationshipbetweenmyhusbandssisterandus.IdobelievethatGodhasgivenussometimelefttoplantsomewonderfulmemoriesthatwillbloomeveryyearforus.7Andyes,ifIseetheblueflowersagain,youcanbetIllstopandtransplantthemtomywildflowergarden.,-9-,A,B,C,1.Whatdidtheauthorseeeverymorningthisspring?(Nomorethan8words)2.Whydidnttheauthorcarrytheflowershomeatlast?(Nomorethan12words)3.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhentheflowersweregone?(Nomorethan5words),Shesawoneparticularblueflower.,Theflowersweregonebecauseoftheconstructionwork.,Shefeltregretful/sorry/bad.,-10-,A,B,C,4.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninParagraph6?(Nomorethan20words)5.Whatdoyoulearnfromthetext?(Nomorethan15words),Theauthorrealizedthatshewouldmeetherrelativesasoftenaspossibleandtreatthemkindly.,(Open.)Weshouldgraspthechancetodowhatwewantto.,-11-,A,B,C,Wherewouldanyofusbeifwewenttoschoolswherenocompetitionwasallowed?Howwouldweknowwhetherwehavetheabilitytobegoodatasportorotherthings?Howwouldweknowwhetherwearemakingtherighteffortorwhetherwearewastingourtime?Howwouldwelearntheconceptofimprovingourperformance?Howwouldweknowaboutsettingandmeetinggoals?Competitionservessomanypurposes.Competitionsetsmanypeopleontherightpathtowardsunderstandingwhatittakestowin.Competitioncantellastudentwhenmorework,moretimeorimprovedstudyingstrategiesareneededtocatchupwithotherstudentswhoachievehighergradesandbetterresultsfromtheirstudyprograms.,-12-,A,B,C,Childrenlearnthroughcompetitionthatdesiresandhardworkmaynotbeenoughtowinrecognition,highergradesorrewards.Therearetimeswhenstudentsmustlearnthattheymaynotbeabletoexcel(突出)incertainsportsoracademicareas.Everyonecan,however,dotheirbesttosupporttheirteamsinotherways,eventhoughtheyarenotthestaroftheteam.Studentswouldmoveontoareaswheretheyareshowingadvantagesandcanexcel.Competitionwillforcethemtostopputtingtheirtimeintotryingtomeetinappropriategoals.Unfaircompetitionexistssomewhere,butitcanteachstudentsabouttherealitiesoftheworldaheadofthem.Mostimportantly,theycangetthegoodlessonthatnoonecanescapebeingpunishedforcheatingorlyingincompetition.,-13-,A,B,C,Itwouldbeimpossibletoeliminateallcompetitionfromachildsschoolexperience.Thereisnobenefittosendingayoungpersonintoaworldwithnolessonslearnedfromcompetition.,-14-,A,B,C,1.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?(Nomorethan8words)2.Howcancompetitionhelpstudentsachievehighergrades?(Nomorethan15words)3.Whatlessoncanstudentslearnfromunfaircompetition?(Nomorethan12words),Competitioninschoolisbeneficialtostudents.,Bymakingstudentsknowwhenmorework,moretimeorimprovedstudyingstrategiesareneeded.,Theywillbepunishediftheycheatorlieincompetition.,-15-,A,B,C,4.Whatsthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“eliminate”inthelastparagraph?(Nomorethan3words)5.Inyouropinion,whatisthebenefitofcompetition?(Nomorethan25words),Remove./Getridof.,Competitioncanhelpusknowouradvantagesanddisadvantagessothatwecansetpropergoals.,-16-,A,B,C,ShehadtopackupherbedroominVirginiaBeach,whereshelivedwithhermother,twosistersandbrother.Shehadtosaygoodbyetohertwodogs,whousedtosleepinherbed,andtothebeach,whereshelovedtoridewavesonherboogieboard.Butitwastimetotaketheleap,howeverheartbreakingandawkwarditwouldbe.Evenat14,Douglasknewthat.Sooffshewentabout1,200milestoWestDesMoines,Iowa,totrainwithacoachfromChinaandlivewithawhitefamilyshehadnevermet.Whenshearrived,Douglasthoughtthatshemustbetheonlyblackpersoninthestate.Whenshewokeup,shealwayssaid,“Thisisntmybedset.WhereamI?”,-17-,A,B,C,LiangChow,whohadcoachedtheOlympicgoldmedalistShawnJohnson,transformedDouglasintooneofthebestgymnastsintheworld,helpingherskyrocketfromanaveragememberofthenationalteamtothetopofthesport.Andacouplewithfouryoungdaughtersbecamehersecondfamily,nurturingherinIowawhileherrealfamilysupportedherfromafar.ThatmovealsowasimportantinDouglassmakinghistory.BywinningtheOlympicall-roundtitle,shebecamethefirstblackwomantodoso.ShealsobecamethefourthAmericanwomantowintheall-round,followingMaryLouRettonin1984,CarlyPatternsonin2004andNastiaLiukinin2008.,-18-,A,B,C,Douglaswon,scoring62.232points,andledthecompetitionfrombeginningtoend.ViktoriaKomova,whosobbedintohercoachschestwhenshelearnedshehadlost,wonthesilver,with61.973points.AliyaMustafina,the2010worldall-roundchampion,wonthebronzewith59.566points.TheotherAmericaninthecompetition,AlyRaismanfinishedfourthafterlosingatiebreaker(决胜局)toMustafina.Douglassaidshehadfeltconfidentallalongthatshewouldwin.“Itwasjustanam