英汉对比 静态与动态.ppt

英汉语言对比,静态与动态,英语静or动？,1.AdmittanceFree免票入场2.OutofBounds游客止步3.NoAdmittanceExceptonBusiness闲人免进4.DangerofDeathHighVoltage!高压危险！,英语-静态Stative,becausethesurfaceoftheretinaissphericalbecauseofthesphericityoftheretinalsurfacesomethingisnearthenucleussomethingoccupiesajuxtanuclearposition,1.静态-Nominalization,名词化主要指用名词（短语）来表达原来属于动词（短语）所表达的信息，如用抽象名词来表达动作、行为、变化、状态等。医生迅速到达，并非常仔细地检查了病人，因此病人很快就康复了。Thedoctorarrivedextremelyquicklyandexaminedthepatientuncommonlycarefully;theresultwasthatherecoveredveryspeedily.Thedoctorsextremelyquickarrivalanduncommonlycarefulexaminationofthepatientbroughtabouthisveryspeedyrecovery.,2.静态-TouseAgentiveNounsinplaceofVerbs,使用施事名词代替动词1)他能吃能睡Heisagoodeaterandagoodsleeper2)他既不抽烟，也不喝酒。Hewasanonsmokerandateetotaler.3)他失业以后，就很不合群了。Sincehelosthisjob,hesbeenaloner.,4)Thecomputerisafarmorecarefulandindustriousinspectorthanhumanbeings.计算机比人检查的更细心、更勤快。5)Iusedtobeabitofafanciermyself.过去我常常胡思乱想。,3.静态-Preparation-prominent,英语常用介词短语代替动词短语，即“以静代动”1）他们立刻出动去追击敌人。Theyimmediatelysetoutinpursuitoftheenemy.2）有人给他撑腰。Hehassomeonebehindhim.3)他在读书。Heisathisbooks.4)机器正在运行。Themachineisinoperation5)说完这些话，她便走开了。Withthesewords,shewentaway.,3.静态-Preparation-prominent,ArouseMeetDecideFinishStudyConsiderallow,giverisetomakecontactwitharriveatadecisionbringtoaconclusionundertakeastudyoftakeintoconsiderationaffordanopportunityto,动词/形容词/副词,3.静态-Preparation-prominent,carryoutexperimentsconductaninvestigationintoofakindlynatureofanunusualcharacterbeyondtheshadowofadoubtduetothefactthatontwoseparateoccasionsinviewoftheforegoingcircumstances,ExperimentInvestigateKindUnusualCertainBecauseTwicetherefore,动词/形容词/副词,4.静态-Verb-weaken,动词的弱化：使用动词意味最弱的tobe,包括itbe,therebe,mustbe,maybe,shouldhavebeen一场热带风暴袭击了佛罗里达东海岸AtropicalstormlashedtheeastcoastofFlorida.TherewasatropicalstormofftheeastcoastofFlorida,4.静态-Verb-weaken,动词虚化：把动词转化或派生成名词,置于虚化动词(have,make,take,do)之后做其宾语,如havealook,takeawalk,makeattempts,payvisits,dosomedamages,putupaproposal杰克和老板吵了一架就辞职了Afterhequarreledwithhisboss,Jackquit.Afterhehadaquarrelwithhisboss,Jackquit.,5.静态-Adj&Adv.inplaceofVerbs,使用动词的同源形容词与弱化动词相结合的方式表达动词的意义我怀疑他是否还活着Iamdoubtfulwhetherheisstillalive(doubt,live)医生同情他的病人Thedoctorfeltsympatheticwithhispatients(sympathize),5.静态-Adj&Adv.inplaceofVerbs,用副词来表达动词的意义恐怕布朗先生出去了，但是他很快会回来的ImafraidMr.Brownisout,buthellbeinsoon他将在半小时内到家Hellbehomeinhalfanhour昨天报纸六点钟付印Thenewspaperwasdownatsixyesterday破旧立新Downwiththeoldandupwiththenew.,静态Stative-英语,1.名词化Nominalization2.施事名词Agentivenounsinplaceofverbs.3.介词Preparation-Prominent4.动词弱化Verbs-weaken5.形容词与副词Ajectivesandadverbsinplaceofverbs,动化静练习,1）走开！2）别管我！3）他吃素，不吃荤4）她们飞上了蓝天（报纸标题）5）周阿斗寻父记（文章标题）6）你老是看钟等着下课啊！,Stayaway!Leavemealone!HeisavegetarianWomenPilotsinChinaAReunionofFatherandSonOh!Youreaclock-watcher!,汉语-静or动？,他到了火车站发现火车已经开走了打得赢就打,打不赢就走,不怕没办法理论联系实际是我们党的优良传统鲁迅主张打落水狗讨论的问题很重要一定要批判地继承我国的文学艺术遗产小溪旁那些女人们听得笑起来了,连动连动主语宾语定语状语补语,Dynamic-Chinese,1.动词连用是汉语常见现象:连动式、兼语式、把字式、被动式1）Hethoughthiswayoutofthedilemma.他想办法摆脱了困境（连动式）2）Weaskedhertosing我们请他唱歌（兼语式）3）Gototheclassroomandcallhimback你去教室把他叫回来（把字式）4）Iwascalledtotheofficebytheteachertomakeaself-criticism我被老师叫到办公室去做检讨（被字式）,Dynamic-Chinese,2.动词（词组）可充当汉语句子的各种成分Hescometoborrowbooks他来借书了（助动词）Sunflowersturntowardsthesun葵花朵朵向太阳（介词）towageabattleagainstnature向自然开战（介词）Peoplearecomingandgoing人们来来往往（介词）Hewentinaneastwarddirection他往东走去（介词）,Dynamic-Chinese,3.汉语动词常常重复或重叠1）Iwaitedwithgrowingimpatiencetogetonmyway,notforoneminutebutforquiteaconsiderabletime.我等着要上路，越等越不耐烦，哪里是等一会儿，一等就是老半天。,Dynamic-Chinese,2）Youwillhaveenoughtoeatandenoughtowear.要吃有吃，要穿有穿。3）Somecome,andothersleave.来的来，去的去。4）Acquistionofknowledgeentailslearningandseekingforexplanation学问，学问，要学要问，边学边问，才有学问。,Dynamic-汉语,1.动词连用是汉语常见现象2.动词（词组）可充当汉语句子的各种成分3.汉语动词常常重复或重叠,静化动练习,1.Partyofficialsworkedlonghouronmeagrefood,inoldcaves,bydimlamps.党的干部吃着粗茶淡饭，住着寒冷的窑洞，点着昏暗的油灯，长时间地工作。2.Whatfilmwillbeonthiseven