英语阅读理解的技巧(适用于初一至高三).ppt

中学英语阅读的技巧（适用于初一至高三）,1阅读的三种基本文体：记叙文、说明文和议论文2从阅读文体的偏好发现阅读的乐趣3带着问题去阅读4读书法，有四到，心眼口还有手，信皆要5阅读是你的好朋友，功夫到、滞塞通，阅读理解稳拿分！,第一讲学会区分不同文体,请同学们阅读下面的段落，并推断它是哪种文体，读完此段都使你想到了什么？ThepopulationoftheEarthisgrowingfaster.ItisimportantthatwelookaftertheEarth.Weneedit!(2010年北京中考阅读B篇的第一段)议论文Whatdoyoudoifyourestranded(处于困境的)onalonelyisland?Surelyyouneedtofindawaytogetintouchwiththeoutsideworld.Yourbestchanceofdoingthisistodrawtheattentionofapassingplane.BodysignalsSmokesignalsGroud-to-airsignals（2011年北京中考阅读C篇的第一段及后面几段的小标题）说明文Asayounggirlgrowingupinthe1930s,Ialwayswantedtoflyaplane,butbackthenitwasalmostunheardofforawomantodothat.Igotatasteofthatdreamin2001.(2011年高考北京卷阅读A篇第一段)记叙文,文体识别练习,请同学们继续阅读下面的段落，并判断它是哪种文体，读完此段都使你想到了什么？(1)Inthewest,somepeoplebelievethatpersonalitycanbepredictedaccordingtothetimeoftheyearthepersonwasborn.FromChinacomesthebeliefthattheyearofbirthinfluencesonespersonality.(2)ManytextbooksarenotwritteninthekindofEnglishthatwespeakeveryday.Infact,sometimesthereadingissodifficultthatisalmostseemslikeaforeignlanguage.Inaway,itis-thelanguageofscienceThesearethestepstofollowwhenyouarereadingsomethingdifficult:(3)Itwasyearbookdayandweweregivenanhourtosigneachothersyearbooksinthecafeteria.IwaspresidentoftheclassandIplayedsports.WhenIsatdownatatable,peoplestartedtocomeovertogettheiryearbookssignedandtosignmine.(4)MyfatherdiedwhenIwasafewmonthsold.Afterhisdeath,mymothermovedbacktoLouisville,Kentucky,whereshehadgrownup.(5)EachyearBenisgladwhenschoolisclosedonMartinLutherKingJr.Day.Benknowsthatthisdayhonorsanimportantman,butBendoesnotfeelconnectedtohim.However,thesmall-worldtheory(理论)connectsBentoDr.King.Bensmom(0)hasaclosefriend,Amy(1).Amysuncle,Mark(2),oncemetandspoketoJohnCarter(3),thesonofPresidentJimmyCarter(4).JimmyCarterknewDr.King(5).Inaway,Benisonly“fivepeopleaway”fromMartinLutherKingJr.(6)ChinatownisthenamegiventoanareainthemiddleofLondon.ItisjustbetweenLeicesterSquareandShaftsburyAvenue.GerrardStreetisatthecenterandisthemostimportantstreetinthearea.ThereisalargeChinesecommunitywithalotofChineserestaurants,Chinesesupermarketsandshopsinthisstreet.,第一讲总结,1平衡我们的阅读兴趣，泛舟阅读的世界2中高考以及平时的学校考试都离不开阅读的三种基本文体3养成边阅读边思考的习惯4善于做阅读笔记，建立积累及错题本5跟孟老师一起学阅读，因为热爱，所以你会学习、会考试！,第二讲：说明文,1说明文的定义：主要用说明的方式来表达思想内容，它常被用来介绍科学知识或生活常识。特点是内容上重视科学性，语言形式重视条理性。2常见的说明方法：分类说明、举例说明、描写说明、比较说明、数字说明、图像或图表说明、下定义和注释。3说明文举例,1.(选自2011年北京中考A篇)Susan,theUSMybestfriendisFanny.Sheiscleverandinteresting.Wealwayslookaftereachother.Thefirstweekwemet,Igotsickandshelookedaftermeeveryday.Betty,EnglandMybestfriendisAna.Sheishonestandserious.WewereborninthesamecityinEngland.ThenImovedtoAmericawithmyfamily.IthoughtIwouldneverseeAnaagain.WhenIwenttocollegeinNewYour,AnaandIsharedthesameroom!Ken,JapanIlovetospendtimewithDaisukebecauseheisfunnyandsmart.Weenjoytalkingaboutthefunnythingswedidwhenwewerechildren,andtellthesamestupidjokesoverandoveragain.Lily,AustraliaLindaisaveryconfidentgirlandsheisreallykind.SomepeoplemaywonderwhyLindaandIarebestfriendsbecausewearetotallydifferent,butIthinkthisiswhywearesuchgoodfriends.1.WhoisSusansbestfriend?A.Ana.B.Fanny.C.Linda.D.Daisuke.2.WhereisKenfrom?A.Australia.B.TheUS.C.England.D.Japan.3.WhatisLindalike?A.Confidentandkind.B.Funnyandsmart.C.Honestandserious.D.Cleverandinteresting.该篇阅读非常简单，初一的小同学也能做好！,现在我们读一篇较复杂的说明文，选自2011年北京中考阅读C篇2.Whatdoyoudoifyourestranded(处于困境的)onalonelyisland?Surelyyouneedtofindawaytogetintouchwiththeoutsideworld.Yourbestchanceofdoingthisistodrawtheattentionofapassingplane.Bodysignals(信号)Pilotsfromdifferentcountriesunderstandbodysignalsiftheyhavethecorrecttraining.Whenyouwaveyourarmsupanddowninastraightline,itmeans“yes”.Whenyoupointdownwardsandswingyourarmfromsidetoside,itmeans“no”.ifyouwantthepolitetoknowthatitssafetoland,pushyourhandsoutinfrontofyouandbend(弯曲)yourknees.Ifyouwanttosaythatitsnotsafetoland,putyourarmsintheairandmovethemtooneside.SmokesignalsThesmokefromafirecanbeseenfromfaraway,soitsagoodwaytodrawattention.Iftheweatherisdry,itisnthardtostartafire.Remember,however,thatfirescanbeverydangerousiftheygetoutofcontrol.Neverlightafireunlessyouresurethatitcantspread.Ifthegroundisdark,lightsmokecanbeseenmoreeasily.Greengrassandleavesproducelightsmoke.Ground-to-airsignalsItsagoodideatobuildsomesignals,too.Uselargepiecesofwoodtomakethesymbols(标记).Ifyoucantfindanywood,useearth.Someusefulsymbolsare:F“Ineedfoodandwater.”II“Ineedmedicine.”I“Iambadlyhurt.”X“Iamunabletomovefromhere.PilotsrepliesIfthepilotlowerstheplaneswingsfromsidetoside,thismeans“messagereceivedandunderstood”.(Atnight,thepilotflashestheplanesgreenlights.)Ifthepilotfliestheplaneinaclockwisecircle,thismeans“messagereceivedbutnotunderstood”.(Atnight,thepilotflashestheplanesredlights.)However,thereisnosignalwhichmeans“messagenotreceived”.Whynot?,1.Whichpicturemeans“itsnotsafetoland”?,2.whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Swingingyourarmfromsidetosidemeans“yes”.B.Ifthegroundisdark,lightsmokecantbeseen.C.Ifyouneedsomemedicine,makeasymbol“II”.D.Thepilotsmakereplieswithabluelightatnight.3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theexplanationofbuildingsignalsonanisland.B.Theimportanceofmakingsignalsonanisland.C.Waysofsendingoutsignalsonalonelyisland.D.Waysofreceivingsignalsfromalonelyisland.,中篇说明文的阅读要领：1抓住文章第一段，通常文章的主旨大意问题会在第一段找到答案2不要为文章的长度吓到，文章的小标题会给我们阅读提示3如有图形，可以结合图形读题4边读边整理重要信息不要忘记阅读四要:心眼口还有手！,同学们，你们记住中篇说明文的阅读要领了吗？1抓住文章第一段，通常文章的主旨大意问题会在第一段找到答案2不要为文章的长度吓到，文章的小标题会给我们阅读提示3如有图形，可以结合图形读题4边读边整理重要信息不要忘记阅读四要:心眼口还有手！对！让我们再来回忆一下我们刚刚读过的2011年中考的C篇内容。同学们，你们发现了吗，其实你在不知不觉中运用了我们的说明文阅读要领，记住了文中很多内容，而且还学会了将信息概括。试想一下，如果文中没有小标题，你也会自己根据段意概括内容了。好，这就是大家在学习说明文中得到的新能力5根据段落信息进行概括下面我们用概括的方法再看一篇“投稿说明/SubmissionGuidelines”，本篇选自2011年高考北京卷阅读的B篇。本文共8小段，请同学们不要为文章的长度吓到，因为我们每个同学都曾经在校内或校外为自己精彩的文章产生过投稿的冲动，好！那我们就来看一下给Post杂志投稿都需要注意什么。,SubmissionGuidelinesBeforesendingusamanuscript(稿件),lookthroughrecentissues(刊物)ofthePosttogetanideaoftherangeandstyleofarticleswepublish.Youwilldiscoverthatourfocushasbroadenedtoincludewell-researched,timelyandinformativearticlesonfinance,homeimprovement,travel.Humor,andmanyotherfields.(读完这段，你记住并概括了哪些信息？)ThePostsgoalistoremainunique,withcontentthatprovidesadditionalunderstandingsontheever-evolvingAmericanscene.(这一段讲POST杂志的目标就是保持自己的特色，内容上能体现对瞬息万变的美国事件的额外见解。)Inadditiontofeature-length(专题长度的)articles,thePostbuysanecdotes,cartoons,andphotos.Paymentrangesfrom$25to$400.(这一段讲了POST杂志还需要哪些文章)Ournonfictionneedsincludehow-to,usefularticlesongardening,petcareandtraining,financialplanning,andsubjectsofinteresttoa45-plus,home-lovingreadership.Fornonfictionarticles,indicateanyspecialqualificationsyouhaveforwritingaboutthesubject,especiallyscientificmaterial.Includeoneortwopublishedpieceswithyourarticle.Weprefertypedarticlesbetween1,000and2,000wordsinlength.Weencourgeyoutosendbothprintedandonlineversions.(这一段主要讲了杂志需要什么类型的文章？你能总结一下吗？还有specialqualifications指的是“特殊资质”，也就是投稿非小说类文章时要说明你写此类主题的特殊资质，尤其是科技型的材料。)Wealsowelcomenewfiction.Alight,humoroustouchisappreciated.Wearealwaysinneedofstraighthumorarticles.Makeuslaugh,andwellbuyit.(什么样的touch/手法，风格isappreciated/受到欣赏呢?)Featurearticlesaverageabout1,000to2,000words.Welikepositive,freshanglestoPostarticles,andweaskthattheybethorouglyresearched.(还记得feature是什么文章吗？从文章的第三段开头可以找到该词。),Wenormallyrespondtoarticlesubmissionswithinsixweeks.Youarefreetosubmitthearticleelsewhereatthesametime.(从这段我们可以看出POST杂志在六周内回复作