pp-过去分词-d.ppt

ThePastParticple,现在分词:表示动作是主动的和正在进行过去分词:表示动作是被动的和完成,分词在句中可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。,主动，进行,被动，完成,do,不能做定语,I.Pastparticipleusedasattributes（定语）,1.位置:单个分词位于名词前，短语则在名词后,被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语。,_carwasfoundbythepolicelastweek._womanlooksconfused.Thespeakeransweredallthequestions_.(听众提出问题)Hesavedmanypeople_(去年冬天患了感冒的人们).,词组或句子作定语放在它所修饰的词之后,一个词作定语放在它所修饰的词之前,Thestolen,Thewell-dressed,被盗的轿车,穿着华丽的,putforwardbytheaudience.,exposedtocoldlastwinter,2.作用-相当于一个定语从句,（2）Thebook,writtenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.,=Isthereanything_?,（1）Isthereanythingplannedfortonight？,=Thebook,_,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.,thathasbeenplannedfortonight,whichwaswrittenin1957,(3)Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.=(4)Thespeakeransweredallthequestionsraisedbytheaudience.,_wasfoundbythepolicelastweek.Thespeakeransweredallthequestions_.,Thecarthathadbeenstolen,whichwasraisedbytheaudience,18,比较领悟小结,boilingwater正在下落的树叶发展中国家日益增长的人口乏味的工作讲英语的国家即将到来的日子,boiledwater落在地上的树叶发达国家多出来的人口疲倦的面容英语口语已经到来的客人,沸腾的水fallingleavesdevelopingcountriesincreasingpopulationtiringwork/jobEnglish-speakingcountriesarrivingdays,凉开水fallenleavesdevelopedcountriesincreasedpopulationtiredlookspokenEnglisharrivedguests,注：Theproblem（discussedyesterday）hassomethingtodowithdailylife.Theproblem（beingdiscussednow）hasnothingtodowithdailylife.Theproblem（tobediscussed）hasnothingtodowithdailylife.,（表示已经完成）,（表示正在进行）,（表示尚未发生）,单句填空,1.Thebridge_(build)acrosstheriveristoconnectHongKongandMarco.2.Tigerattendedthemeeting_(hold)inHumenlastweek.3.Bequiet!Iwanttolistentothenews_(broadcast)ontheTV.,tobebuilt,held,beingbroadcast,单句翻译,1.我喜欢看鲁迅的书。2.注意听！正在谈论的问题很重要。3.将要出版的那本书是他们三人去年完成的。,1.Ienjoyreadingbooks_.2.Attention,please!Thequestion_isofgreatimportance.3.Thebook_nextweekwaswrittenbythethreeofthem.,writtenbyLunXun,beingdiscussed,tobepublished,II.Pastparticiplesusedaspredictive（表语）1.过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。Thewindowisbroken.Theinnergatewaslocked.Shewasgreatlyexcited.,2.与现在分词作表语的区别。现在分词：主语的特征或性质，“令人”，有主动意思。,e.g.Howdisappointingtheelectionis!,过去分词：主语的感受，“感到”，有被动意思。,e.g.Theyfeeldisappointedattheelection.,常见的可以接形容词作表语的系动词,begetbecomegrowappearlookseemfeel,young/old/easyinterestingdisappointingsurprisingconfusinginterestedexcitedinspiredworriedconfused,由动词的-ing形式转换而来的形容词,由动词的-ed形式转换而来的形容词,原始形容词,情感使动词,情感使动词,V+O（人）-ed-ingbeedtodobeed+介词bethattoones+N,Thenews_me.Iwas_atthenews.Iwas_tohearthenew.Iwas_thathefailedtheexam.A_looklandedonhisfacewhenheheardthe_news.,surprised,surprised,surprised,surprised,surprised,surprising,-ing使人感到主要说明物-ed感到主要说明人面部表情look,expression,face等前面用-ed,excitethrillinterestinspireencouragemovetouchexcitepleasedelightsatisfycontent,sb,surpriseshockamazeastonishworryupsetconcerndisturbfrustratedisappointfrightenterrifyscare,sb,relaxrelievetireboreexhaustpuzzleconfuse,sb,使人感到高兴感到高兴的令人激动的感到激动的令人高兴的感到高兴的令人失望的感到失望的令人鼓舞的感到鼓舞的,interesting使人感到高兴-interested感到高兴的exciting令人激动的-excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的-delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的-encouraged感到鼓舞的,pleasing令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的-puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的-satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的-surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的-worried感到担心的,令人愉快的感到愉快的令人费解的-感到费解的令人满意的感到满意的令人惊异的感到惊异的令人担心的感到担心的,InAswan,thereareplentyof_placestovisit.Somepeoplewhoselivesarefullarealways_totalkto.IfIcanfindyouanysupport,wouldyoube_?Travellingisinterestingbut_(tire)Theywerevery_(excite)atthenewsThe_(excite)expressiononhisfacesuggestedthattherewasgoodnews.Fromhis_(tire)look,weknowthathehasbeenworkingallnight.,(interest),(interest),(interest),interesting,interesting,interested,tiring,excited,excited,tired,III.PastparticipleusedastheObjectComplement(宾语补足语),1.表“希望，要求”的动词：want,wish,expect,wish,like,order+(tobe)done表示“希望/要求某人或某事被”,e.g.Iwantthework_bySunday.,Jimorderedtheroom_.,我想要(want)工作星期日前必须完成。,Jim命令房间必须马上打扫。,(tobe)finished,(tobe)cleaned,2.表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：,see,hear,find,feel,think,watch,notice+object(宾语)+p.p.,e.g.Wesawthethief_.Peoplefoundthewater_.Haveyouheardapopsong_?,我们看见小偷被警察抓住了。,人们发现水被污染了。,您有没有听到有人唱日语流行歌曲？,caughtbythepolice,polluted,sunginJapanese,过去分词,不定式,现在分词作宾补的区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，不带to的不定式强调动作发生的全过程，现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系，正在进行。,Isawher_(come)intotheclassroom.,Isawher_(come)intotheclassroom.,Isawher_(take)outoftheclassroom.,我看见她进了教室,我看见她正在进教室,我看见她被带出了教室,come,coming,taken,3.使役动词:,make,get,have,keep,leave,etc.,e.g.Wemustasksomebodytowashthetablecloth.=Wemust_.他的手机在火车上被盗了.Hehadhismobilephone_onthetrain.,4.在“with/without宾语宾补(过去分词)”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。,e.g.Doyouknowthemanwithhishair_(tie)back?,getthetableclothwashed,stolen,tied,Weoftenhaveclasseswiththewindows_(close).,closed,我们常常关着窗子上课。,单句翻译（使用过去分词作宾补）,1.老板要求这个工程(project)年底前完成。2.Tiger命令立即给白宫发e-mail。3.我们必须尽快修好空调(air-conditioner)。,Thebosswantstheproject_(finish)bytheendofthisyear.,Tigerordersanemail_totheWhiteHouseinnotime.,Wemusthave/gettheair-conditioner_(repair)assoonaspossible.,finished,sent,repaired,单句翻译（使用过去分词作宾补）,4.醒来后他发现，手机被盗了。5.我们看见小偷被警察抓住。6.他站在门口，双手交叉放在胸前。,Whenhewokeup,hefoundhismobilephone_(steal).,Wesawthethief_(catch)bythepolice.,Hestoodatthegatewithhishands_(fold)beforehim.,stolen,caught,folded,IV.PastparticipleusedastheAdverbial(状语),过去分词作状语相当于状语从句。,e.g.1.Askedwhyhedidntdoit,hebegantocry.,过去分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句,_whyhedidntdoit,hebegantocry.,(Whenhewas)asked,e.g.2.Givenmoretime,Illcatchupwithyou.,过去分词作条件状语相当于条件状语从句,_moretime,Illcatchupwithyou.,e.g.3.Bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.,过去分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句,_bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.,(IfIam)given,(Becausehewas),e.g.4.Defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuetofight.,过去分词作让步状语相当于让步状语从句,_defeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.,e.g.5.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.,表示方式和伴随情况时可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。,Theteacherenteredtheclassroom_byagroupofstudent.,(Althoughtheyhadbeen),andhe,wasfollowed,过去分词作状语时,为了使意义更加明确,也可以在pp.前加上对应的连词when,as,if等等.,4._(虽然被打败很多次)manytimes,theycontinuetofight.,3._(由于出生并长在)inthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.,2._(如果给更多的时间)moretime,Illcatchupwithyou.,1._(每当被问到)whyhedidntdoit,hebegantocry.,注意：带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为：主语+be的相应变化形式.,Whenasked,Ifgiven,As/Becausebornandbroughtup,Althoughdefeated,注意：1）现在分词与过去分词作状语时的区别,_London(夜里参观伦敦)atnight,youareabitlikeinadream.,_(当有人夜里来访)atnight,youmustmakesurethevisitorisreallyyourfriend.,Whenvisiting,Whenvisited,选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。,_(写完了所有的信之后)，Ihadadrinkandwentout.,Havingfinishedallmyletters,_(信写完之后)，thelettershouldbereadtotheonewhoasksyoutowriteit.,Finished,从山顶看，我们能看到一个美丽的公园。,从山顶看，公园很美丽。,_fromthetopofthehill,wecanseeabeautifulpark.,_fromthetopofthehill,theparkisbeautiful.,Seeing,Seen,_inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(lose)_inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress),belostin；bedressedin；beinterestedin；bedevotedto；besupposedto；becaughtintherain；beseatedin；bepreparedfor；bedeterminedto,Lost,2.系表结构表示主语所处的状态,省略be,直接用过去分词,Dressed,类似的还有：,单句翻译,1.他一生献身(devote)科学研究，没有结婚。2.由于昨晚淋雨(catch)了，她今天生病卧床了。3.他静坐(seat)在沙发上看电视剧。,_scientificresearch,hestayedsingleallhislife.,_therainlastnight,shewasillinbedtoday.,_thesofasilently,hewaswatchingaTVplay.,Devotedto,Caughtin,Seatedin,generallyspeaking,一般说来,given鉴于,judgingfrom/by根据来看,judgedbyconsidering考虑到,supposingthat假如,talkingof说到,seeing(that)鉴于，由于provided/providingthat,有些固定用法：,实战练习,Exercise:,Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout2.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_wentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired,3.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled4.Withtrees,flowersandgrass_everywhere,mynativetownhadtakenanewlook.A.plantingB.plantedC.toplantD.tobeplanted,5.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell_careof.A.takeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking6.Theresultoftheentranceexamswasnotmade_tothepublicuntillastThursday.A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.tobeknown7.Icanmakeyou_whatIsay,butyoucantmakeyourself_inEnglish.A.understand;understandB.understand;understoodC.tounderstand;understandD.understand;tobeunderstood,8.Hefoundthem_atatable_A.sat;toplaychessB.sitting;toplaychessC.seated;playingchessD.seat;playthechess9.Johnrushedoutin