《f非谓语动词》PPT课件.ppt

Non-predicateverb,非谓语动词,你只闻到我的香水，却没看到我的汗水；Youjustsmellmyperfume,butdidnotseemysweat;你有你的规则，我有我的选择；Youhaveyourrules,andIhavemychoices;你否定我的现在，我决定我的未来；Youdenymenow,butIdecidemyfuture;你嘲笑我一无所有不配去爱，我可怜你总是等待；Youlaughatmefornothingworthyoflove,Ipityyoualwayswaiting;你可以轻视我们的年轻，我们会证明这是谁的时代。梦想，是注定孤独的旅行，路上少不了质疑和嘲笑，但，那又怎样？哪怕遍体鳞伤，也要活得漂亮。我是陈欧，我为自己代言。Youcandespiseouryoung,butwewillprovethatthisiswhoseera.Dream,isdestinedtotravelalone,andtheroadtoitultimatelyquestionedandridiculed.But,sowhat?Evenblackandblue(遍体鳞伤：海词注解),butimalsotolivepretty.ImChenOu.Ispeakformyself.,Ithinkthatthatthatthatthatstudentwroteontheblackboardwaswrong.,非谓语是指在句子中充当除谓语之外其他任何成分的动词形式，不受人称和数的限制。非谓语包括三种形式，即不定式，动名词和分词。,Part1动词不定式,一、动词不定式的作用1、动词不定式作主语Tobeagoodteacherwasmyhope.注意：在现代英语中，经常把代词it放在句首作形式主语，而把真正的主语即不定式放在句末。Ittookusthreeweekstofinishthework.,2、动词不定式作表语Thedutiesofapostmanaretodeliverlettersandnewspapers.Ourpurposeistofinishthejobinthreeweeks.,3、动词不定式作宾语Shehopestogetsomethingfromthesales.注意：常用不定式作宾语的词有:agree、fail、promise、afford、forget、prove、arrange、guarantee、refuse、ask、happen、resolve(决心）、attempt、hesitate、seek、bother、hope、seem、care、learn、tend、choose、long、threaten、claim、manage、trouble、decide、manage、consent（同意）、neglect（忽视）、try、offer、undertake、determine、prepare、want、demand、plan、volunteer、determined、pretand、wish、endeavor（努力）、proceed（继续）,用不定式作宾语时，可用it作形式宾语，如Ibelieveditwrongtotellittoher.,4、不定式作补语常用不定式作补语的动词有：advise、command、force、allow、encourage、instruct、ask、entitle（给权利）、intend、beg、expect、invite、compel（强迫)、forbid、like、mean、prefer、tempt（引诱）、oblige（迫使）、remind、urge、order、request、want、permit、teach、wish、persuade某些短语votefor,callon,counton,relyondependon,lngfor,waitfor后跟不定式作补语。,在think，consider，believe，find，feel，know，declare，guess，prove，suppose，imagine等词后面，常跟“tobe+adj.或n.结构，tobe可以省去。Iconsiderhim(tobe)mybestfriend.,3).如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,其后要加介词.Childrenusepencilstowritewith.4)介词+which+不定式“结构Ibelievethatisaproperstandardbywhichtojudgepeople.,5、不定式作定语1)、不定式用在thefirst、thelast、theonly后作定语Hewasthefirsttoarrive.2)、不定式常放在某些名词和代词后面作定语，与被修饰的中心词有主谓关系，动宾关系，同位关系和动状关系等。Iamnotsurewhichrestauranttoeatat.Weareinneedofnursestolookafterthechildren.Hegavemeaweektolookafterthechildren.Theirdecisiontogiveuptheexperimentsurprised.,6.不定式作状语Shewepttoseehiminsuchaterriblestate.Theydidanythinginordertomakemoney.Theproblemwastoocomplicatedforustosolve.Iamonlytoopleasedtoacceptyourkindinvitation.Wearealltoowillingtohelpyou.Heistoowisenottosolvetheproblem.Hewenthomeonlytofindthathishousehadbeenstolen.,二、动词不定式的时态语态形式,togotobegoingtohavegonetobedone注意：1.therebe句子中，修饰主语的不定式可用主动式代替被动式Thereisalotofworktodothisweek.2.当不定式与句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系时，用主动式代替被动。Wehavemanyproblemstoovercome.动词不定式的否定为nottodo,三、其他用法,省to的动词不定式1.表示感觉的词如feel，hear，see,watch,observe,listento，lookat，notice以及使役动词make,let,have后面要省略to.若用被动，则必须还原to.2.前有do,后省toWhatwecandoisstudyhard.3.用连词连接两个不定式时，省略第二个toShestartedtoshoutandcry.,不定式的省略省略到toYoumaygoifyouwantto.连词加不定式IaskedhimhowtolearnEnglish.,Part2动名词,动名词的句法功能：（1）作主语：Readingaloudisveryhelpful.朗读是很有好处的。Collectingstampsisinteresting.集邮很有趣。当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。Itsnousequarrelling.争吵是没用的。一些固定句子：Itisnouse|nogood|fun|awasteoftime|agoodpleasuredoingsomething.Thereisnodoingsomething.如：Thereisnodenyingthatsheisveryefficient.Thereisnotellingwhatheisgoingtodo.（2）作表语：Intheantcity,thequeensjobislayingeggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。,（3）作宾语：Theyhaventfinishedbuildingthedam.他们还没有建好大坝。Wehavetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染。注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如：Wefounditnogoodmakingfunofothers.我们发现取笑他人不好。要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid（避免）,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit（承认），deny（否认）,mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk（冒险）,appreciate（感激）,bebusy,beworth,feellike,cantstand,canthelp（情不自禁地）,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent(from),keepfrom,stop（from）,protectfrom,setabout,beengagedin,spend(in),succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston,feellike,（4）作定语：Hecantwalkwithoutawalking-stick.他没有拐杖不能走路。Isthereaswimmingpoolinyourschool?你们学校有游泳池吗？（5）作同位语：Thecave,hishiding-placeissecret.那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。Hishabit,listeningtothenewsontheradioremainsunchanged他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。,动名词的形式：否定式：not+动名词（1）一般式：Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。（2）被动式：Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited他未被邀请就来到了晚会。（3）完成式：Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.我们记得看过这部电影。（4）完成被动式：HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。（5）否定式：not+动名词Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.我后悔没听他的劝告。（6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词Hesuggestedourtryingitonceagain.他建议我们再试一次。HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。,动名词的逻辑主语,Doyoumindmyopenningthewindow?,Part3分词,分词包括现在分词和过去分词，一般来说，现在分词的意义是主动和进行，过去分词的意义是被动和完成。一些典型的例子fallenleavesfallingleavesboiledwaterboilingwaterdevelopedcountrydevelopingcountry,2.分词作定语分词作定语既可以放在所修饰词之前，也可以放在所修饰词之后。其作用相当于一个定语从句。Thisisapressingproblem.=Thisisaproblemwhichispressing.Thepeopleworkingwithmetreatmeliketheirfriend.=Thepeoplewhoworkwithmetreatmeliketheirfriend.,分词的作用,1.分词作表语现在分词作表语表示主动关系或主语的某种特性，过去分词作表语表示被动关系或主语处于某种状态。通常情况下现在分词意为“令人-的”，过去分词意为“感到-的”。IaminterestedinEnglish.Thebookisveryinteresting.,注意分词可以与形容词、副词或名词构成合成词作定语。如peace-loving、flower-carrying、air-conditioned、newly-built注意不及物动词的过去分词作定语，不表被动，表完成。不及物动词没有被动。如Therearealotoffallenleavesinautum。n.（fall是不及物动词，在这里fallen表示完成，“已经落下”）,3.分词作宾补常跟分词作宾补的词有catch，have，get,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等。Whentheyreturnedhomefromtheholiday,theyfoundtheirhousestolen。Icanfeelmyheartbeatingveryfast.,注意在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，则与宾语形成逻辑上的主谓关系。用过去分词作宾补，形成逻辑上的动宾关系。Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldnotmakehimselfheard.Thereissomethingwrongwiththetable;Icanfeelitmoving.,4.分词作状语分词作状语，其作用相当于一个定语从句、Hearingtheknockonthedoor，theystoppedtalking.(=Whentheyheardtheknockonthedoor）,分词的独立结构,分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语，这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构，或叫独立主格，在句中作状语表示时间，原因，条件等。Weatherpermitting,weshallstarttomorrow.(=ifweatherpermits),“with+名词+分词”结构Theysattheresilently,withtheireyesfixedonthetable.Withhimhelpingme,Ifeltlucky.,分词的形式,分词的时态:一般式、完成式、分词的语态：现在分词的被动式“beingdone”过去分词的被动式：及物动词的过去分词可表被动，不及物动词无被动，不及物动词的过去分词只表完成。,1.TellMarythattheressomeone_forheratthedoor.A.waitingB.waitedC.waitsD.towait2.Thereisabigdog_toafenceoutsidethehouse.A.tyingB.tiedC.totieD.ties3.The_waitercameuptousandsaid,Youarewelcome.A.smilingB.smiledC.smileD.tosmile4._theearlytrain,youllhavetogetupearlyandrushinataxi.A.CatchingB.CaughtC.TocatchD.Catch5.There,inthecorner,satthreegirls,_.A.sewB.weresewingC.tosewD.sewing,6.Whetheritwilldousharmremains_.A.seenB.seeingC.beingseenD.tobeseen7.Whomwouldyouratherhave_withyou,himorme?A.tobegoneB.goneC.goingD.go8.Thepowerstationkeepsthevillages_withelectricity.A.suppliedB.tosupplyC.supplyingD.havingsupplied9.Thepathintheparklookedbeautiful,_with_leaves.A.covered;fallingB.covered;fallenC.covering;fallingD.covering,fallen10.Iwontgotothepartyevenif_.A.invitingB.beinginvitedC.invitedD.havinginvited,11.Allworkispleasant_whenthehabitofworkingisformed.A.doneB.doingC.todoD.tobedone12.Theman_inabluejacketatthepartywasadoctor.A.putonB.dressedC.hadonD.wore13.Peoplearetalkingaboutthenewplay_intwoweeks.A.tobeputonB.toputonC.beingputonD.puton14.Theman_inthechairaskedmeto_.A.seated;seatedB.sitting;sittingC.seating;seatD.seated;beseated15.Ihappened_withhimwhenhewashitbyastone.A.IwastalkingB.talkingC.totalkD.tobetalking,16.Wearenotsurewhichrestaurant_tonight.A.eatingatB.foreatingC.toeatatD.weeat17.ThewayDellathoughtof_enoughmo