《Translation讲解》PPT课件.ppt

,CET4-Translation,Translation,一.题型特征,1.汉译英。2.内容单纯。3.补全句子。,二.基本原则和评分标准,最基本的原则准确和通顺,（1）整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。（2）结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。（3）整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。（4）整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。（5）大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。,三.评分标准,四、应试方法,翻译中的常见问题对材料理解不当，造成译文与原意偏差过大。表达能力欠缺，译文不够通顺、流畅。,应对办法1.重视语言基本功训练。2.对英语基本句型了解，熟悉各种方法和技巧。,通读题目，准确理解；分析成分，划分意群；选择词义，贴切表达；通读全句，检验加工。,1.核实译文与原文内容是否一致；2.检查译文是否符合英语表达习惯；3.检查译文是否有错译或漏译；4.检查标点符号；5.对译文进一步加工润色。,答题步骤,检验加工过程,五.核心考核语法,虚拟语气从句倒装非谓语动词强调句形容词的比较级和最高级动词的时态和语态,虚拟语气的考点大体可以归纳如下：1.(should)+动词原形的情形2.if或butfor等引导的条件句3.wish,ifonly,itistime的用法,一、虚拟语气,1.(should)+动词原形的情形,1.1在动词suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,decide,promise,resolve,argue,maintain,determine,recommend,advise,advocate,persuade等表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语从句中。Sheinsistedthattheseats(should)bebookedinadvance.她坚持要预定座位。Headvisedthatthedoctor(should)besentfor.他劝我们派人请医生。,1.2在advice,demand,order,necessity,resolution,decision,proposal,requirement,suggestion,idea,recommendation,request,plan,等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中-上面动词对应的名词Heissuedtheorderthatthetroops(should)withdrawatonce.他命令部队马上撤退。,1.3在形容词important,necessary,imperative,natural,urgent,essential,appropriate,desirable,vital,advisable,preferable,incredible以及短语nowonder,apity等可以构成“Itis+形容词（名词）+that”句型中。Itisnecessarythatsomeimmediateeffort(should)bemade.必须立即采取行动。,2.if引导虚拟条件句的用法,Hewouldntfeelsocoldifhewereindoors.他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了（与现在事实相反）Thevictim(本来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.(2006.12)mighthavesurvived（与过去事实相反）Ifitsnowed/weretosnow/shouldsnowtomorrow,Ishould(would)stayathome.如果明天下雪，我就呆在家里。（与将来事实相反）butfor=ifitwerenotfor/ifithadnotbeenforButforyourhelptheywouldnothavefulfilledthetaskintime.如果没有你的帮助，他们不可能按时完成任务。,3.Itis(high,about)time,此句型要求用虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”Itstime_(采取措施)aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.somethingwasdone/somemeasuresweretaken,4.动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反were或动词的一般过去与过去事实相反haddone或would/couldhavedone将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望would/should(could,might)+动词原形Iwishshewerehere.她在这里就好了。Iwishyouwouldgowithustomorrow.但愿你明天跟我们一块去。Iwishshehadtakenmyadvice.那时她要是听我的话就好了。,5.ifonly后用虚拟语气（要是就太好了）,现在没有实现的愿望一般过去式过去没有实现的愿望过去完成式Ifonlyshehadknownwheretofindyou.他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。IfonlyIcouldspeakseveralforeignlanguages!我要是能讲几种外语就好了！,1.状语从句（adverbialclauses）：1）目的状语(adverbialclausesofpurpose)：为了挣钱供我读书,Motheroftentakesonmoreworkthanisgoodforher.（CET4.2006.6）Inordertomakemoneytosupportmyschooling,二、从句,2)让步状语(adverbialclausesofconcession)：91.Thoughaskilledworker,(他被公司解雇了)lastweekbecauseoftheeconomiccrisis.（CET4.2006.6）hewasfiredbythecompany3)时间状语(adverbialclausesoftime)：90.Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople（出门在外时可能会感到孤独）(2006.12)mayfeellonelywhentheyreawayfromhome.,4)条件状语(adverbialclausesofcondition)：91.Pleasecomehereattentomorrowmorning(如果你方便的话)(2007.6.)ifitsconvenientforyou.5)比较状语(结构)(adverbialclausesofcomparisonorcomparativeconstructions)：88.SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)（2006.12）tome,nothingismoreinterestingthanreading.90.Themoreyouexplain,(我愈糊涂)（2006.6）themoreconfusedIam,2.定语从句(attributiveclauses)：【CET-4：2007.6】ThepreventandtreatmentofAIDSis_(我们可以合作的领域).参考答案：afieldwhere(inwhich)wecancooperate.3.宾语从句-从句作宾语。【CET-4：2007.12】ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife_(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的),nothowmuchtheycanearn.参考答案：ismeasuredbyhowmuchtheycanloan,4.表语从句-从句作表语【CET-4：2007.12】Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat_(我比以前更容易累了)。参考答案：Iammorelikelytogettiredthanbefore,1当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装，如不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。Onlywhenyouhaveobtainedsufficientdatacanyoucometoasoundconclusion.只有当你获得足够的数据时，你才能得出正确的结论其他如：onlythen,onlyonce,onlyinAmericaChina,onlyaftertheaccident等。【CET-6：2007.6】Onlyinthesmalltown_.(他才感到安全和放松)参考答案：doesshefeelsecureandrelaxed,三、倒装,2.never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。这类词或词组常用的有：never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,notuntil,bynomeans,undernocircumstances,undernocondition,innoway(决不),innocase(决不),neither(nor),nosooner(than),hardly(when),barely(仅仅，几乎不),onnoaccount(绝不）,innocircumstances(决不),notabit,nowhere（任何地方都不）,notonlybutalso等。NeverinallmylifehaveIheardsuchnonsense.我从未听到过这种胡说！真题重现【CET-6：2007.12】Thewitnesswastoldthatundernocircumstances_.(他都不应该对法庭说谎)参考答案：shouldhelietothecourt.【CET-6：2007.1】_(直到截止日他才寄出)hisapplicationform.参考答案Notuntilthedeadlinedidhesend(out),3themore,themore结构中的倒装。【CET-4：2006.6】90.Themoreyouexplain,_(我愈糊涂).参考答案：themoreconfusedIam,非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。非谓语动词的考点主要有：1英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语attempt企图mean意欲，打算determine决定pretend假装decide决定hesitate犹豫hope希望intend想要refuse拒绝decide决定等真题重现【CET-4：2007.6】Becauseoftheleginjury,theathlete(决定退出比赛).参考答案：decidedtoquitthematch.,四、非谓语动词,2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式enable使能够ask要求，allow允许force强迫press迫使inspire鼓舞request请求help帮助invite吸引，邀请encourage鼓励等真题重现【CET-4：2006.12】Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaysthatitisnoteasyto(适应不同文化中的生活)参考答案：adaptoneselftolifeindifferentcultures.,3)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语dislike不喜欢，讨厌appreciate感激，欣赏avoid避免enjoy享有，喜爱canthelp不禁escape逃跑，逃避cantstand受不了deny否认mind介意finish完成，结束不得postpone延迟，延期hate讨厌等Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。,2非谓语动词中的有关句型（1）动名词作主语的句型1)Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore.)等名词+doingsth.Itisnogoodobjecting.反对也没有用。Itisagreatfunplayingfootball打篮球很有趣2)Itis+useless(nice,good，interesting,expensive等形容词)+doingsthItisgoodplayingchessaftersupper晚饭后弈棋挺好。,Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who对于这个结构，需要注意以下几点：强调句型中的系动词除is和was之外，没有其他形式的变化;被强调部分如果是人，可以用who,也可以用that,其他情况用that（常识性知识，一般不能作为考点）。在notuntil句型里，如果强调由until所引导的时间状语时，not须跟在until之前，即构成Itisnotuntilthat结构。,五、强调句型,Itisbecausesheistooinexperiencedthatshedoesnotknowhowtodealwiththeserioussituation.她不知道如何应对这种严重情况是因为她太缺乏经验了。注：强调的如果是原因状语从句，只能由because引导，不能由since,as或why引导。Itwasnotuntilthesecondyearthathehasadaptedhimselftothecollegelife.直到第二年他才适应了大学生活。,真题重现【CET-4：2007.12】Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat(我比以前更容易累了)参考答案：Iammorelikelytogettiredthanbefore【CET-4：2006.12】SincemychildhoodIhavefondthat_(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)参考答案：nothingismoreattractivetomethanreading,六、形容词的比较级和最高级,【CET-4：2006.6】Thoughaskilledworker,_（他被公司解雇了）lastweekbecauseoftheeconomiccrisis.参考答案：hewasfiredbythecompany主要考察基本语法知识点即被动语态的用法【CET-6：2007.6】Theproblemofblacksandwomen_(最近几十年受到公众相当大的关注).参考答案：havegained/causedconsiderablepublicconcerninrecentdecades.,七、动词的时态和语态,四级翻译题中常见的不能用于被动语态的不及物动词及短语：appear,breakout,occur,depart,happen,takeplace,ect.另：某些及物动词及短语也不能用于被动语态。belongto,escape,get,have,lack,let,suit,survive,ect.,PracticeTime,ExercisesinClass,1.Itishightimethatsexdiscrimination_(在我们的社会中结束).wereendedinoursociety/disappearedinoursociety2._(如果上学时再努一把力)，Iwouldbesittinginacomfortableofficenow.IfIhadworkedharderatschool/HadIworkedharderatschool.3._(一个人的穿着)mayexpresshissocialstatus.Thewayonedresseshimself/Theclothesonewears/Whatonewears,4.Doyouhaveanyobjection_(对听一听他的理解)？tolisteningtohisexplanation5.Economicdevelopmentshouldnotbeachieved_(以牺牲环境为代价).attheexpenseofenvironment/attheexpenseofourenvironment/atthecostoftheenvironment6._(只有以这种方式我们才能获得)alltheinformationweneededinourresearch.Onlyinthiswaydidweobtain7.Nosooner_（我刚点着蜡烛，它就被吹灭了）byaviolentdraught.hadIlitthecandlethanitwasputout,8.Butformobilephones,_(我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便).ourcommunicationwouldnothavebeensoefficientandconvenient.9.Thewitnesswastoldthatundernocircumstances_(他都不应该对法庭说谎).shouldhelietothecourt/isheallowedtolietothecourt10.Thepolicehasbeentryingto_(查出死于车祸的女人的身份).identifythewomankilledinthetrafficaccident/establishtheidentityofthewoman,Homework,1.Weshouldcareallthestudents,_(不管他们的家庭如何).regardlessoftheirfamilybackgrounds2.Wehavepreparedasurprisegiftto_(明天第一个到我们店里的人，不管是谁).whoevercomesfirsttoourshoptomorrowmorning,Translation,3._（由于市场上的激烈竞争），thebigdepartmentstoreinthecommercialcenterhadtoclosedown.Dueto/Owingtofiercecompetitioninthemarket4.Itishightimethatsexdiscrimination_(在我们的社会中结束).wereendedinoursociety/disappearedinoursociety,Translation,5._（这家人一度几乎不抱希望），butthepatientfinallypulledthroughaftertheoperation.Thefamilyhadalmostlosthope6._(如果上学时再努一把力)，Iwouldbesittinginacomfortableofficenow.IfIhadworkedharderatschool/HadIworkedharderatschool,Translation,7._(似乎他的老板老是找他麻烦)，whichmakeshimquiteupset.Itseemsthathisbossisconstantlyfindingfaultswithhim.8._(除了照顾两个孩子)，shealsohasafulltimejob.Apartfromtakingcareofhertwochildren,Translation,9.Thepolicehasbeentryingto_(查出死于车祸的女人的身份).identifythewomankilledinthetrafficaccident/establishtheidentityofthewoman10.Motherwasreadinganovel,_(对周围的事情全然不觉).Completelylosttotheoutsideworld/completelyunawareofwhatwasgoingonaround,Translation,11._(提前完成了所有的任务)，theydecidedtogoonholidayforaweek.Allthetaskshavingbeenfulfilled/Havingcompletedallthetasks/Aftertheyhadcompletedallthetasks12.Thoughwehadnotmetfor20years,_(我一眼就认出了她).IrecognizedherthemomentIsawher,Translation,13._(揣摩字里行间的意思)，Iconcludedthattheauthorofthebookwasunsympathetictotheproject.Readingbetweenthelines14.Iamtalkingtoyouasyourfriend,_(不是以作为你的上级身份).notinmycapacityasyoursupervisor,Translation,15.TheEuropeanCommunityhasimposedrestrictionsontheshoesmadeinChina_(进入欧洲市场).toaccesstheEuropeanmarket/toentertheEuropeanmarket16._(等他到了北京)，wewillhavestayedherefortwodays.BythetimehearrivesinBeijing,Translation,17._(不管你是否相信)，hewillcometotheceremonytomorrow.Believeitornot18.InChina,aswellintherestoftheworld,womenenjoy_（比男人的寿命长）.Longer,Translation,19.Intherecentyearsagreatemphasishasbeenplacedon_(培养学生的基本技能).developingstudentsbasicskills20._(曾经是亚洲最大的商业城市)，Shanghaiisn