《名词性从句讲练》PPT课件.ppt

NounClause,TheNounClause在句中充当名词成分.也就是说做主语,宾语,表语,同位语.于是就形成了主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句.e.g.同一个词引出的句子，在不同的位置，引出不同的从句。Weallknowthattheearthisround.Thattheearthisroundisknowntousall.Thetruthisthattheearthisround.Doyoubelievethetruththattheearthisround?,名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。1.陈述句作名词性从句,用that引导,在从句里不作成分,但不能省(除宾语从句)。2.一般疑问句作名词性从句,只能用whether引导(除宾语从句用if/whether均可)。3.特殊疑问句作名词性从句,用连接代词who/whose/whom/what/which/whoever/whomever/whatever/whichever和连接副词when/where/why/how/whenever/wherever/however引出。4.从句中用陈述句的词序。5.在名词性从句中,“无论谁”、“无论什么”,只能用whoever/whatever,但在让步状语从句中,whoever/whatever和nomatterwho/nomatterwhat均可。,Warm-upexercise:,1._foodisrelatedtoillnessisnotanewdiscovery.A.WhatB.ThatC./D.If2.Everythingwilldependon_theywillsupportyou.A.ifB.whichC.whetherD.that3.Thats_youvebeenlookingsoworriedthesedays.A.whyB.whatC.thatD.how4.AnorderhascomefromBerlin_nolanguagebutGermanmaybetaughtintheschools.A./B.whereC.thatD.which,本句是主从，从句中不缺任何成分，故选B连接主从复合句。,本句是宾从，介词后不可用if故选C连接宾从复合句。,本句是表从。lookworried不及物词组，故不选B；句中已有so故how也不妥；用that词不达意；所以选A。,本句是同位语从句，是order的内容,故选C。,宾语从句(动词宾语、介词宾语和形容词宾语从句)1.Heaskedwhatwasthematterwithme.Hesaidthatthetextwasimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.(第一个that可省,后面的that不能省,介词宾语从句中that也不省)2.Iminterestedinwhetheryouvefinishedthework.(介词宾语从句中用whether,不能用if替代)在下列情况下,名词性从句中用whether,不用if：a.介词宾语从句中b.主语、表语和同位语从句中c.后面紧跟ornotd.动词不定式之前e.discuss后宾语从句3.Givethetickettowhoevercomesfirst.(whoever不能用nomatterwho替代)cf:Givethebooksawaytowhomeveryoulike.(只有在主句和从句中都作宾语才能用whomever)Theyarrivedatwhat(=_)isnowthecityofShanghai.,theplacethat,Allofthemagreetoacceptwhoever(theythink)isthebestatplayingfootball.4.可用it作形式宾语的动词有：think/consider/find/feel/makeit+adj/n+todo/thattakeitforgrantedthata.Ifinditnecessarythatwe(should)practisespeakingEnglisheveryday.b.Hetookitforgrantedthathisparentswouldntpunishhim.某些动词或短语后须先用“it”,然后接宾语从句。此种动词有：like/dislike/hate/appreciate/seeto/dependon/relyon等。a.Ilikeitintheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.b.Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.c.Idappreciateitverymuchifyoucoulddomeafavour.d.Seetoitthatallthelightsareturnedoffbeforeyouleave.e.Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.,注意:think后宾语从句中否定词not和特殊疑问词前移。a.Idontthinkhewillcomethisafternoon.b.Whatdoyouthinkhashappenedtohim?类似的动词还有:believe/suppose/expect/guess/imagine注意:一些特殊的情况a.如主句中主语是“I”,反意疑问句必须和宾语从句保持一致：Ithinkheishonest,_?b.ItissaidthatyouaregoingtoAmerica,_?doubt肯定句用whether/if引出,否定和疑问句用that引出。a.Idoubtwhetherhewillpasstheexam.b.Doyoudoubtthathewillkeephispromise?,isnthe,arentyou,1.Iremember_thisusedtobeaquietvillage.A.whenB.howC.whereD.what2.Youcantimagine_whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywereexcited3.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_sharesherinterests.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho4.Canyoumakesure_thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput5.Noonecanbesure_inamillionyears.A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike6.Canyoutellme_A.whoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanisD.whomisthatgentleman7.Theywanttoknow_dotohelpus.A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcanthey,A,B,C,C,A,C,B,主语从句作主语的从句称主语从句,一般放在句首,也可用it作形式主语。从句做主语,谓语动词常用单数。1.ThatMarywaslateagainmadetheteacherveryangry.(that不能省)2.Whetherhecanpasstheexamornotdependsonhowhardheworks.(whether不能用if替代)3.Whateverissaidheremustbekeptsecret.(whatever不能用nomatterwhat替代)cf:Whateverdifficultiesyoumaymeetwith,dontgiveup.4.Whoeverbreaksthelawmustbepunished.(whoever不能用nomatterwho替代)5.Itremainsaquestionwhethertheywillgoabroadforfurtherstudy.Ithappened/seemed/appeared/occurredtosb/turnedoutthatItissaid/reported/wellknown/hasbeenprovedthatItisimportant/necessarythatItisapity/nowonder/nolongeraquestionthat,用it作形式主语的结构,(1)Itis名词从句Itisafactthat事实是Itisanhonorthat非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识(2)Itis形容词从句Itisnaturalthat很自然Itisstrangethat奇怪的是(3)Itis不及物动词从句Itseemsthat似乎Ithappenedthat碰巧Itappearsthat似乎Itoccurstomethat我想起(4)It过去分词从句Itisreportedthat据报道Ithasbeenprovedthat已证实Itissaidthat据说,4.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that则不然。例如：1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.2)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.,1._the2028OlympicGameswillbeheldinShanghaiisnotknownyet.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That2.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for3._isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It4._youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether5.Itisprettywellunderstood_controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how6._hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.7.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how8._leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who,C,B,D,C,C,A,B,C,表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于主句连系动词之后。1.Thereasonwhyhewasabsentwasthathewasill.(that不能省,也不能用because替代)(Thereason()wasthat),这句也可改成：Hewasabsent.Thatwas_hewasill.or:Hewasill.Thatwas_hewasabsent.2.ThequestioniswhetherhecanbeadmittedtoQinghuaUniversity.(whether不能用if替代)3.ThatsjustwhatIneed.Goandgetyourcoat.Its_youleftit.Thisis_youarewrong.Shanghaiisnolongerwhat(=_)itusedtobe.Perseveranceisakindofqualityandthats_(=_)ittakestodoanythingwell.4.Itlooksasifitsgoingtorain.=Itlookslikerain.,thecitythat,because,why,where,where,what,thequalitythat,1.Goandgetyourcoat.Its_youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere2.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella._Igotwetthrough.A.ItsthereasonB.ThatswhyC.ThereswhyD.Itshow3.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where4.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why,B,B,A,C,同位语从句在fact/idea/news/word/suggestion/advice/thought/order/doubt/hope/wish/truth/promise/belief/question/conclusion等后补充说明具体的内容1.Hecametotheconclusionthatheavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeed.2.Ihavenoideawhethertheworkisworthdoing.(whether不能用if替代)3.Theresanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecarsthatroadconditionneedsimproving.(problem和that引出的同位语从句分开)4.Wordcamethathewonthefirstprizeinthecontest.NewsreachedtheschoolthathewasawardedtheNobelPrize.同位语从句和定语从句的区别：ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadforfurtherstudyistrue.同位语从句,补充说明news的内容,that在从句中不充当成分cf:Thenewsthathetoldmeistrue.定语从句，修饰news，that在从句中作动词told的宾语,(that不充当成分,但不能省),1.Theyhavenoideaatall_.A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone2.Greenland,_islandintheworld,coversovertwomillionsquarekilometres.A.itisthelargestB.thatisthelargestC.isthelargestD.thelargest3._isnopossibility_Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There.thatB.It.thatC.There.whetherD.It.whether4.Informationhasbeenputforward_moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as,A,D,A,B,找出各句中的从句并指出是何种从句1.IdontknowifIcandoit.2.Whatheisdoingseemsverydifficult.3.Theimportantthingishowwecanimproveourstudies.4.MrLialwaysthinksofhowhecandomoreforthepeople.5.Thenewsthatshewaspretendingtobesickwaswhisperedfromonetoanother.6.Iwassurprisedatwhathesaid.7.Thatswhatyouaregoingtodofirst.8.Thatllbedecidedwhoisthemonitorofourclassattheclassmeeting.9.Whenthesportsmeetistobeheldisstillunderdiscussion.10.HerecomesthenewsthatsomeforeignersfromAmericawillvisitourschool.,找出各句中的从句并指出是何种从句1.IdontknowifIcandoit.2.Whatheisdoingseemsverydifficult.3.Theimportantthingishowwecanimproveourstudies.4.MrLialwaysthinksofhowhecandomoreforthepeopl