（英语语言文学专业论文）英汉科普翻译分析新模式——哈蒂姆和梅森理论与字本位理论结合.pdf

ii内容摘要内容摘要 英汉科普翻译的研究偏重于对科普翻译特点和翻译标准的讨论，但对于具体的分析模式则涉及较少，因此并没有为译者的翻译实践提供足够的工具来应对复杂的翻译过程。本文作者针对这种不足，尝试将哈蒂姆和梅森的翻译理论同字本位理论相结合，并建立一个较为详尽的英汉科普翻译分析模式。 作者探讨了哈蒂姆和梅森翻译理论的实质，指出其理论的本质是描述语境参数同意义之间的关系，其一切讨论都以意义为核心。而字本位理论是关于汉语本身组成规律的理论，这些规律反映了中国人的思维方式，而这种思维方式也影响了人们对意义的理解和表达。这两个理论分别涉及了影响意义的两个重要因素：“语境”和“语言符号” 。因此，两理论结合的核心就是意义，这是两者结合的理论基础。在此基础上，作者从哈蒂姆和梅森的翻译理论中找出七个主要参数，同时还根据字本位理论抽取出了三个新参数，即“字到辞” ， “读到句”以及“句到篇” 。这三个参数体现了汉语组织的基本规律，即“音义互动律” 。通过将三个新参数与七个原有参数进行结合，新的翻译模式将同时触及“语境”和“语言符号”两个意义要素，从而对译者提供更全面的帮助。 作者之后探讨了科普翻译的特点以及新模式如何在英汉科普翻译的实践中帮助译者。同时作者还探讨了两个翻译实例，通过应用新分析模式来指导两个科普文本的英译汉。我们看到新的模式可以帮助译者避免原文影响并译出更流畅自然的译文，具有一定的实用性。 关键词：哈蒂姆和梅森关键词：哈蒂姆和梅森 字本位理论字本位理论 理论结合理论结合 英汉科普翻译英汉科普翻译 iiiabstract the studies on e-c popular science translation focused on the features and criteria of popular science translation, while failing to provide translators powerful analysis tool to deal with the complex translation process. we try to combine hatim and masons translation theory and character-center theory, and build a comprehensive analysis model for e-c popular science translation. we discuss the essence of hatim and masons theory, pointing out that the essence of their theory is the description of the relation between context parameters and meaning. meaning is the core of their theory. character-center theory is about the organization of chinese. the regularity and rules of chinese reflect the thinking mode of chinese people, which influences the comprehension and expression of meaning. the two theories respectively involve two factors of meaning: “context” and “sign”. therefore the core of the combination is meaning. then we identify the detailed mode of analysis. there are seven key parameters in hatim and masons theory, with which it would be easier for translators to infer and express the meaning more precisely. we extract three new parameters according to character-center theory. the new parameters “character to ci”, “dou to sentence” and “sentence to text” reflect the basic law of chinese organization, i.e., “the law of interaction between syllables and meaning.” by adding new parameters to the old ones the analysis of meaning would involve factors of both “context” and “sign”, which makes our analysis more comprehensive. we then discuss the features of popular science translation and the application of the new model to e-c popular science translation. two case studies are introduced here. we translate two popular science texts from english to chinese under the guideline of the new model. it shows that the new model is applicable and practicable, and can help translators to avoid the negative influence of the source text so as to produce a more natural and beautiful text. key words: hatim and mason; character-center theory; theory combination; e-c popular science translation i三峡大学学位论文原创性声明 三峡大学学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体均已在文中以明确方式标明，本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。 学位论文作者签名：_ 日 期：_ 三峡大学硕士学位论文 11. introduction 1.1 research background popular science writings play a significant role in the popularization of science and technology which are the key factors in the development of our society. among the countless publications of popular science an important part are translated from english. e-c popular translation helps the public learn the science and technology from other countries, which made it an indivisible part of popular science writings in china. “in fact, many popular science books in the market are imported and translated the real original popular science books are rare.”(guo jianzhong, 2004:4-5) the e-c translations of popular science writings help the public understand the latest knowledge and technology abroad. however, the quality of e-c popular science translation remains a big problem. “the reason that popular science book is not popular is that the content of the book is not attractive enough. besides, the readability is not good too.” (ibid, 4) many books are boring and difficult to read and understand, which has made them totally unattractive to the readers. this means we need more qualified popular science translators and more studies on the features and techniques of e-c popular science translation. there are some studies on e-c popular science translation, but up to now the studies are far from enough both in terms of quality and quantity. first, people thought popular science is easy and need no study; second, some researchers have pointed out the features of popular science translation and proposed different skills and strategies, however their suggestions are not comprehensive or detailed enough to help translators handle the complex process of translation. in a word, their advice is too general. this is an important reason that poor quality popular science books are prevailing in the market. therefore we try to solve this problem by developing a more comprehensive analysis model. the foundation here would be the discourse analysis theory of basil hatim and ian mason (2001) and the character-center theory mainly developed by xu tongqiang and pan wenguo. we try to combine the two theories and build a new analysis model. the critical features of e-c popular science translation will be discussed and the application of the new model to e-c popular science translation will also be studied. we 三峡大学硕士学位论文 2try to help popular science translators at work and make a contribution to the healthy development of e-c popular science translation. 1.2 organization of the thesis this thesis consists of five chapters and the organization goes as follows: chapter one is the introduction part. it presents the background of the study and lists the structure of the thesis. chapter two is literature review for the research. in this part we discuss the weak points of hatim and masons theory and character-center theory in their application to e-c popular science translation. thus the necessity of the theory combination is shown clearly. in chapter three we introduce both the theoretical basis and the detailed mode of the combination of hatim and masons theory and character-center theory. we analyze the essence of hatim and masons translation theory and point out that all of their discussion centers around one thing: meaning. they classified context to three dimensions and discussed the relation between context factors and meaning. on the other hand, character-center is a theory about language proper, it mainly involved the basic law of chinese organization. the regularity and rules of chinese reflect the thinking mode of chinese people, which influences the comprehension and expression of meaning. the two theories respectively involve two factors of meaning: “context” and “sign”. as both context and sign are important factors of meaning, the core of the combination should be “meaning”. then we identify the detailed mode of analysis. there are seven key parameters in hatim and masons theory, with which it would be easier for translators to infer and express the meaning more precisely. we extract three new parameters according to character-center theory. the new parameters “character to ci”, “dou to sentence” and “sentence to text” reflect the basic law of chinese organization, i.e., “the law of interaction between syllables and meaning.” we then develop the new model on the basis of these parameters. in chapter four, we apply new model to e-c popular science translation. the features of e-c popular science translation are discussed and the new model can be used to tackle the problems in translation practice. two case studies are introduced in which the author translates two popular science texts from english to chinese under the guideline of the new model. it shows that the new model is applicable and practicable. 三峡大学硕士学位论文 3chapter five is the conclusion part. the major findings and implications are listed and suggestions for future research are discussed. 三峡大学硕士学位论文 42. literature review 2.1 recent studies on hatim and masons theory discourse analysis has been widely adopted in translation studies, j. c. catford (1965; cited in zhang meifang, 2005), juliane house (1997; cited in zhang meifang, 2005), mona baker (2000), roger bell (2001), fawcett (1997; cited in li heqing, 2005) and many other scholars have successfully adopted discourse analysis to their translation studies. basil hatim and ian mason (2001) proposed a dynamic model for translation, in which different factors influencing translating process, from ideology to discourse texture, were shown to translators. they adopted register analysis, pragmatics and semiotics to their study, provided translators a powerful tool to infer different kinds of meaning and fulfill the “rhetorical purpose”. however, as a discourse analysis theory, it focuses on the context factors while the features of both source language and target language arent its emphasis. therefore while applying their theory to e-c popular science translation, translators would still encounter lots of problems. their analysis model is not comprehensive enough to guide the e-c popular science translators because some important factors in the translation process are missing. translators at work have to count on themselves while handling the problems of language. wang shuhuai and wangqun (2006) discussed hatims intertextuality-based translation theory, analyzed its theoretical basis and discussed its shortcomings. zhang yongbo (2008) introduced hatim and masons theory and applied it to analyze tourism translation. du hongfeng (2008) discussed three dimensions of context and supplied several examples to illustrate the theory. xiao chenglong (2005) applied hatim and masons context theory to literature translation. hatim and masons translation theory is highly praised, but the application of it is not enough. most studies in china about hatim and mason are just the introduction, even the application of it is not combined with the features of chinese. all of the above studies didnt study how should we apply this to e-c translation, the lack of language in the analysis has made their model incomplete and incomprehensive. this is where we can make some improvement. 三峡大学硕士学位论文 52.2 recent studies on character-center theory since the publication of “mashiwentong” in 1898, the contrastive studies between english and chinese have been greatly developed, widened from grammar to different aspects of language. in this dissertation we will focus on “character-centre” theory of xu tongqiang and pan wenguo. xu tongqiang (1990) argued that the traditional syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations are based on the linear structure of language, thus it can not supply explanation to the relations between different stratifications, e.g., the structure relations between sound and meaning, or between sound and grammar, etc. he proposed the concept of “structure conjunction” to solve this problem. xu (1991) pointed out the basic difference between chinese and indo-european languages, and proposed semantic syntax. xu (1997) also reviewed the development of chinese studies, made a comprehensive study on the phonology, character and semantic syntax of chinese. he (2005, 2006) also made a more systematic and comprehensive statement of “character-centre” theory in recent years. pan wenguo (1997) discussed the grammar, basic unit, sentence sequence differences between chinese and english. he (2002) discussed the phonology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics of chinese and established a general research system on the basis of “character-centre” theory. pan (2006) reviewed the development of sino-english contrastive linguistics at home and abroad, discussed the purpose and methodology of contrastive linguistics from the perspective of philosophy. liu zhongde (1994, 1998), yang zijian (2000, 2002, 2004), pan wenguo (2005) published the collections of papers on sino-english contrastive linguistics and translation. fang mengzhi (1997) discussed the syntax and culture differences between english and chinese, proposed the factors the translators should take notice of. pan wenguo (2007) discussed the relation be translation and contrastive linguistics, and the influence they exert on each other. yang zijian and wang juquan (2009) reviewed the developments of sino-english contrastive linguistics and translation from 1977 to 2007, pointed out the emphases in the future studies. at present character-center theory is only on its elementary stage, which means there are some controversies and a lot more to be discovered. and up to now its mainly on the stage of theory construction, the application of the theory is just beginning (pan wenguo, 2002). but we can try to apply some of its products to translation practice and 三峡大学硕士学位论文 6try to combine them with other useful theories. it would be good for both the translation practice and the development of character-center theory. 2.3 recent studies on e-c popular science translation as we have mentioned, there are few studies on e-c popular science translation. yu xueming (1990) discussed the features of popular science translation on the basis of yan fus “faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance”. he pointed out that when we apply these principles to popular science translation, “faithfulness” should never be hurt as its about science and technology while at the same time we should try our best to achieve “expressiveness and elegance” because the purpose of translation is to popularize the science. but here he just gave us some examples and didnt explain how we can achieve this. fang mengzhi (1999) classified scientific and technical articles into three kinds: scientific paper, popular science article and technical prose / document on the basis of formality. he considered that the popular science article is the least formal, and that translation of science and technology is the combination of science and art. during his discussion, he also discussed scientific and technological translation from the perspective of rhetoric. his paper, though is not on popular science translation proper, gives us great insights to the study of popular science translation. he said that popular science translation is the combination of art and science, yet he says little about how we should realize them in translation practice. guo jianzhong discussed the application of “rewriting” in popular science translation (2007a), proposed the criteria of popular science translation and the qualities a qualified translator should have (2007b). guos book, “on translation of popular science writings and science fiction: theory, technique and practice” (2004), is the first one in this field. in chapter 1 to 5, he discussed the features of popular science translation, the qualities translators should have, the criteria of popular science translation, the translation strategies and techniques, and he employed lots of examples. in this book he combined theory and practice, discussed the features of chinese and elaborated the translation techniques on the level of words and sentences. he also showed us lots of examples to support and explain his theory. up to the present his book is the most detailed and comprehensive one in this field. however he still didnt tell the translators that how they can make the translation both science and art, or how they can state the knowledge of science precisely and correctly while at the same time attract the readers. another shortcoming of his theory is that he just discussed 三峡大学硕士学位论文 7the features of chinese sentences, while the critical features of chinese language is ignored. wang zhenping (2006) studied the stylistic features of popular science writings, argued that “popular science translation should combine the methods of scientific and technological translation and literature translation”. he also proposed the principles of popular science translation. the same problem is that he just pointed the features of popular science translation while didnt give the details and the solutions. there are also other studies on scientific and technical translation mentioned popular science translation, like chen xin (1999: 294), huang zhonglian (2004: 8). however, these discussions are quite brief and give us no more insights. other studies on popular science translation include chen guiqin (2005), chen jing (2005), chen qingqing (2005), ding weiwei (2008), li jinlian (2007), li xiangde (1986), li xiaona (2002), wang junhong (2006), wu jin (2008), yang mingtian (2000), and zhou nisha (2008a, 2008b). the researches on popular science translation is far from enough, and most researchers just discussed the general features of popular science translation, neither the description nor the explanation are systematic and detailed enough. therefore the e-c popular science translators at work couldnt get enough help from the theories, which is an important reason for the lack of high-quality popular science translations in the market. 三峡大学硕士学位论文 83. combination of hatim and masons theory and character-center theory 3.1 introduction as we have seen, the studies before have pointed out the features of popular science translation and given some advice. yet both the description and the advice are not detailed enough. what we should do is to find a way to guide the translators to analyze and translate, to give them concrete help. so we try to develop an analysis model and apply it to e-c popular science translation. our analysis model of e-c popular science translation would be developed on the basis of two theories, i.e., hatim and masons translation theory and character-center theory. 3.2 the reason of choosing hatim and masons theory and character-center theory. there are many translation theories and discourse analysis theories, why, then, do we choose hatim and masons theory? first, we try to improve the description of e-c popular science translation and build a useful analysis model for the translators at work. the advice