《名词性从句新》PPT课件.ppt

名词性从句,名词性从句是指一整个从句在句中充当名词的功能。因此可以分为四大类，分别为：主语从句（subjectclause）宾语从句（objectclause）表语从句（predicativeclause）同位语从句（appositiveclause）,Hisjobisimportant.,Whathedoesisimportant.,Thisishisjob.,Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.,主语,表语,Idontlikehisjob.,Idontlikewhathedoeseveryday.,Idontknowabouttheman,Mr.White.,Idontknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.,宾语,同位语,Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatitwouldrainintheafternoon.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthattheoldmancouldntseeanything.ThefactthatPollydidntaskforthemansnameisapity.,PredictiveClause(表语从句),ObjectClause(宾语从句),SubjectClause(主语从句),AppositiveClause同位语从句,判断以下句子属于哪种从句,Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.HeaskedmewhetherIcouldgowithhimornot.Thefactthatshewaslatesurprisedus.Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.Thathegotthefirstprizeisexciting.,Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.,IvecomefromMrWangwithamessagethathewontbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.Itisstrangethatheshoulddothat.Ourteachergaveussomeadvicehowwe(should)usethecomputer.Itiscertainthathewillwinthematch.,引导名词性从句的关联词,连接代词在句中充当名词的功能，如IdontknowwhatIshouldbuy.(what充当buy的宾语。连接副词在句中充当状语，如Idontknowwhenhewillbeback.连接词在句中不充当成分，只起连接主句和从句的作用，如IknowthatheisfromChina.,提醒:that不能省略的情况:一,引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句的时候一般不省略,引导宾语从句一般可以省略,但以下情况中也不能省略.1.跟在宾语从句中介词后面一般不省略如:Iknownothingabouthimexceptthathelovesbasketball.2.that引导的宾语从句,主从句中间有插入语.如Hesaid,inpeoplesopinion,thatweshouldlearnfrommistakes.3有两个宾语从句.第一个that可以省略,第二个不能省略.如Ithink(that)itwouldrainthisafternoonandthatweshouldtaketheumbrella.4it充当形式宾语时候也不省略如Hemadeitclearthatweshouldntleaveuntil5oclock.,只能用whether不能用if的情况.,1.在主语从句,表语从句和同位语从句中只能用whether.2.碰到不定式也只能用whether.如:Hedoesntknowwhethertostayornot.3.介词后面也只能用whether,如:Itdependsonwhetherheisready.4.碰到ornot的时候也只能用whether,如Idontknowwhetherornottheywillcometohelpus.,Whetherif可互换的时候,在宾语从句中跟在及物动词后面可互换.如:Idontknowwhether/iftheywillcometohelpus.提醒:但是如果是引导条件状语从句,在句中翻译成“如果”,这时候只能用if如Ifitrains,wewillputoffthesportsmeeting.,友情提示:,在名词性从句中遇到(一坚持insist,二命令ordercommand,等词时候,不管是在主语从句还是宾语从句等中都要用虚拟语气,如:Hismomsuggestedthatheshoulddomoresports.宾语从句Itissuggestedbyhismomthatheshoulddomoresports.主语从句Hismomssuggestionisthatheshoulddomoresports.表语从句Thesuggestionthatheshoulddomoresportsisgivenbyhismom.同位语从句,主语从句,一整个句子充当主语的叫主语从句.主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether和连接代词what，who，which，whatever等以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。友情提醒:that在句中无词义，只起连接作用,但一般不能省略掉如:他赢得比赛这事情很振奋人心.Thathewonthegameisexciting=Itisexcitingthathewonthegame,有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It+be+名词+that从句如:Itisapitythatwewontbeabletogotothesouthtospendoursummervacation.（2）It+be+形容词+that从句如:Itisstrangethatheshoulddothat.（3）It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句Itisknowntoallthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.（4）It+不及物动词+that从句ItseemsthathehasseenthefilmIthappenedthathewatchedthefilmbefore.,友情提醒:,1.主语从句中that不能省略.2.主语从句中不能用if来引导.3.主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatItisnecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.Itissuggested(requested,proposed,etc.)thatItissuggestedthatweshouldstartearly.4.如果主语从句不缺成分，从句又在句首,那么that不能省略.如ThatChinaheldasuccessfulOlympicGamesisexciting.,友情提示:,主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如:Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；Whentheywillstartandwheretheywillgohavenotbeendecidedyet.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.,主语从句中that与what的用法:,That在句中不充当成分，What有充当名词的功能，如Weallknow_heisgoingtowin.Idontknow_Ishouldbuy.,that,what,What和whatever的区别,What充当名词,有疑问的含义,而whatever指“无论什么”=anythingthat如:Ididntunderstand_yousaidjustnow.Youcantake_youwant.,Whoever和nomatterwho区别,Whoever既可以引导名词性从句,又可引导主语从句.而nomatterwho只能引导状语从句，不能引导名词性从句.whatever,nomatterwhat其他也一样.如:Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.(不能用nomatterwho,因为这是名词性从句).Nomatterwho(或whoever)breaksthelaw,heorsheshouldbepunished.(这是让步状语从句,所以两个都可以用)_yousay,Iwillbelieveit.Iwillbelieve_yousay.,宾语从句,一整个从句在句中充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句.HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.,宾语从句注意事项:,1:在demand、order、suggest等词后宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”。例如：Herbossinsistedthatshe(should)doherworkalone.2.注意句子语序要用陈述语序。Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.3.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应.当主句动词是过去时态，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftforAmericaHetoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.,4.碰到以下词BEIST:b(believe),e(expect),I(imagine),s(suppose),t(think),引起的否定性宾语从句中，要否定前移。Idontbelievehewilldoso.Idontbelievehewilldoso,willhe?shethinksyouareright,doesntshe?主语是第一人称的时候的这些词引导的反意疑问句的时候,应该根据从句来反问.,5.doubt引导的肯定句用whether/if.否定句用that.Idoubtwhetherhewillcometomorrow.Idontdoubtthathecandothejobwell.,表语从句,在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用asif引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句。例如：Thatiswhyhedidntcometothemeeting.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.ThatsjustwhatIwant.他迟到的原因是因为他今天早上错过了火车.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainthismorning.需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。,友情提示:,1.表语从句中that一般不省略.2.表语从句中不用if,而用whether来引导.3.because可引导表语从句,但其他表原因的如since,for,as不用于引导表语从句.,同位语从句,同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。,TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.Weallknowthetruththattheearthmovesaroundthesun.Theproblemwhetheritisrightorwronghasntbeendecidedyet.,同位语从句和定语从句的区别.,