《Lesson定语从句》PPT课件.ppt

Lesson1定语从句,什么是定语,让我们回忆一下初中的一些熟悉的句型：Thisisaredapple.Thisisatallman.Thisisahandsometallboy.Thisisthefactorynearourschool.Thisisabasketfulloffruits.,什么是从句,让我们回忆一下初中的一些熟悉的句型：IsaidthatIwouldgotherethenextday.IdontknowwhatswrongwithSusan.Doyouknowwherethebusstationis?,翻译,一、这就是那个妇女。1.Thisisthewoman.二、那个妇女昨天帮助了我。2.Thewomanhelpedmeyesterday.三、这就是昨天帮助了我的那个妇女。3.Thisisthehelpedmeyesterdaywoman.Thisisthewomanthewomanhelpedmeyesterday.Thisisthewoman_shehelpedmeyesterday.Thisisthewoman_helpedmeyesterday.,(一)定义及相关术语,1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。,3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as等。关系副词有：when,where,why,限制性定语从句连接词一览表,如何选择连接词？,黄金三部曲：第一步：首划先行词，区分人或物。第二步：看从句部分缺何种成分。（分析主谓宾定状补）第三部：根据分析，选择恰当的连词。,主谓宾定状补,Theboysawabutterflyflyinginthesmallgardenjustnow.什么叫做“主谓宾”全齐？1.Iboughtanappleyesterday.2.IarrivedinBeijinglastmonth.3.Itoldhimthestoryjustnow.4.Thehousewasdestroyedatthattime.,让我们试着分析下面的句子。,Illneverforgetthedays_IspentinTibet.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.whomIllneverforgetthedays_IstudiedinTibet.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.whom,Thisisthehouse_Ivisitedyesterday.Thisisthehouse_Ilivedfiveyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.whenD.whom,关系词通常有下列三个作用：,A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.,（二）关系代词引导的定语从句,1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.2.whom指人，在定于从句中作宾语，常可省略。Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.,3.which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.,4.that指人时，相当于who或whom;指物时，相当于which.在宾语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning？Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.,5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.注意：指物是，通常用下列结构代替：Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow？Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?,（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常由“介词+关系代词”引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.Wellgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.wellgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.,注意：,1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.,2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可以用whom,不可以用who,that;关系代词指物时只可以用which,不可以用that.关系代词是所有格时用whoseThemanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.()Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.()TheplaneinthatweflytoCanadawasreallycomfortable.()TheplaneinwhichweflytoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(),3.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.,（四）关系副词引导的定语从句,1.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.2.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Idontknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.Thisisthereason_hegaveme.,注意：关系副词引导的定语从句通常可用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。Fromtheyearswhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountryhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.,(五)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,A.限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。B.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明。如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思，通常译成主句的并列句。,限制性定语从句举例：Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.非限制性定语从句举例:Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.,注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义：,1.Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（含义：她还有其他哥哥。）Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她哥哥是当兵的，总是鼓励她上大学。（含义：她只有一个哥哥。）,2.Allthebooksthathavepicturesinthemarewellwritten.所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。含义：不带插图的书则不一定写得好。Allthebooks,whichhavepicturesinthem,arewellwritten.所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。含义：没有不带插图的书。,限定性定语从句只能用that引导定语从句的情况：,1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none,few,little,some等代词，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.anyonewho/anymanwho,2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.4.当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowes.注意:当先行词指人时，通常用关系代词who.WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.,5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost6.当先行词为人与物或人与动物时。Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatatewalkingupthestreet.,关系代词与关系副词的选择,用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）。Compare：A.Iknowaplacewherewecanhaveapicnic.Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.,B.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.C.Thisisthereasonwhyhewasdismissed.Thisisthereasonthat/whichheexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.,1.Thegentleman_youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom2.Pleasetakeanyseat_isfree.A.whichB.whereC.inwhichC.that,3.Theboy_compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup