菏泽中考英语总复习语法十非谓语动词.ppt

菏泽语法十非谓语动词,考点1动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是“to动词原形”，否定形式是在不定式前加not。动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，但没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式及其宾语和状语构成不定式短语。,(1)作主语动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换且常用it作形式主语，把动词不定式后置，常构成“Itbeadj.(forsb.)动词不定式”。Itsimportant(forus)toprotecttheenvironment.(对我们来说)保护环境很重要。,(2)作表语MyjobistoteachEnglish.我的工作是教英语。(3)作宾语或宾语补足语接todo作宾语的动词或短语有want,begin/start,love,forget,remember,teach,decide,agree,seem,wouldlike,plan等。,接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask,tell,invite,allow,want,wish,encourage等。在使役动词make,let,have和感官动词see,feel,notice,look,smell等的后面作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略。help后的不定式可带to也可不带。,makesb.dosth.的被动语态必须加tomakesb.dosth.中用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但是变为被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原。,(4)作定语Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.我有许多家庭作业要做。动词不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词，其后要有相关的介词。Thecatiseasytotakecareof.这只猫很容易照顾。,(5)作状语Mrs.WangwenttoShanghaitoseeherdaughter.王太太去上海看她女儿。(目的)Weregladtomeetyouhere.我们很高兴在这儿见到你。(原因)Heistootiredtoworkon.他太累了不能继续工作了。(结果),(6)“疑问词动词不定式”结构疑问词who,what,when,where,how,which等后接动词不定式，在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老师正告诉学生们做什么。Hedidntknowwheretogo(whereheshouldgo)他不知道去哪里。,(7)含动词不定式的特殊句型与短语too.to.太而不能Whydontyoudosth.？为什么不做某事？hadbetterdosth.最好做某事prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事makesb.dosth.让某人去做某事bemadetodosth.被迫做某事,1(2017齐齐哈尔中考)Ittakesmehalfanhour_playingthepiano.Howaboutyou?Iusuallyspend20minutes_it.Apracticing;onBtopractice;inCtopractice;on,C,2(2017绥化中考)Myparentshavealotofhousework_AdoBtodoCdoing3(2017齐齐哈尔中考)Itisrainingoutside.Whynot_anumbrella?AtotakeBtakeCtaking,B,B,4Asavolunteer,thegirlwantstovisitsickkidsinthehospital_themup.AtocheerBcheerCcheeringDcheered5Hefounditimportant_thesituationallovertheworld.AstudyBtostudyCstudiesDtobestudied,A,B,6(2017南充中考)Mario,yourmobilephoneisringing.Waitaminute.Itsdangerousforus_itwhilecrossingthestreet.AansweringBtoanswerCanswerDanswered,B,7(2017宜宾中考)Thechildiscrying.Pleasedosomethingtomakehim_AstoptocryBstopcryingCtostopcrying,B,8(2017天津中考)Weonlyplanned_theplayforanhour,butintheend,westayedforthreehours.AwatchBwatchesCtowatchDwatched9Yourfatherissleeping.Youdbetter_AnotwakeuphimBnottowakeuphimCnotwakehimupDnottowakehimup,C,C,10(2017河南中考)Wheneverwekidscomeover,AuntieSusanjuststandsthereandwatchesus_surewedontbreakanything.AmakeBmadeCtomakeDmaking,C,11Hi,Betty.Shallwegoswimmingthatday?Sorry,Ihavealotofhomework_thisSunday.AtodoBdoneCdoDtobedone,A,12(2017长春中考)_Chineseculture,manycollegestudentsgotoforeigncountrieseveryyear.ASpreadingBTospreadCSpreadsDSpread,B,13(2017郴州中考)Whatshallwedothisweekend?WelldrivetoDongjiangLake_boating.AtogoBgoCgoing14(2017海南中考)Aftertwohoursdrive,thedriverdecided_andhavearest.AstopBtostopCstopping,A,B,15(2017扬州中考)MomdoesallthehouseworksothatSarahcantakethetime_herwordsonpaper.AputBputtingCtoputDputs16Themeetingroomisbigenough_onehundredpeople.AholdingBholdCtoholdDholds,C,C,考点2动名词动名词由“动词原形ing”构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质(可有宾语和状语)，也有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。,(1)动名词常用结构只能跟动名词的动词或短语有avoid,consider,enjoy,feellike,finish,mind,practice,suggest,bebusydoing,begoodatdoing,beinterestedindoing,canthelpdoing,giveupdoing,makealiving(by)doing,putoffdoing等。,haven.(in)doinghavefun(in)doing,havetrouble(in)doing,haveahardtime(in)doing,haveproblems/difficulties(in)doing等。todoing结构，to是介词be/getusedtodoing,lookforwardtodoing,payattentiontodoing,preferdoingtodoing等。,(2)有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词，但表达的意义不同。,17Haveyouforgotten_$1，000frommelastmonth?Willyoupleaseremember_ittomorrow?Aborrowing;tobringBtoborrow;tobringCborrowed;bringingDborrowing;bringing,A,18(2017龙东中考)Wouldyoumind_here?Ofcoursenot.Ill_mycigaretteatonce.Anotsmoking;putawayBnotsmoking;putoutCnottosmoke;putoff,B,19Everyonethinkstheproblemishard,buthehasnodifficulty_theproblem.AworkingoutBhavingworkedoutCtohaveworkedoutDtoworkout,A,20(2017黄冈中考)NowadayslotsofproductsfromChinaareverypopularintheworld.Yeah!Manypeoplecanhardlyavoid_productsmadeinChina.AtobuyBbuyingCboughtDbuy,B,21Mybrotherkeeps_mewithmywork.AtohelpBhelpChelpingDhelped22Iveenjoyed_totakewithyou.AtobeableBbeingableCtobeenableDofbeingable,C,B,23Mr.Wangcameintotheofficewithout_thedoor.AknockBknockingatCtoknockatDknockingto24(2017重庆中考)Daveisagoodboyandhealwaysfinishes_hishomeworkontime.AdoBdidCdoesDdoing,B,D,25(2017渝北中考)Therearesomepeople_soccerinthepark.AplayBplaysCplayingDtoplay,C,26(2017常州中考)Whydoesntthesurgeonstop_lunch?Becauseheistoobusy_adyingpatientintheoperationroom.Atohave;tosaveBhaving;tosaveCtohave;savingDhaving;saving,C,27(2017淮安中考)Theresearchhedevoteshimselfto_thefarmershaveabetterharvestisveryimportant.AhelpingBtohelpChelpDhelped,A,考点3现在分词现在分词由“动词原形ing”构成，表示主动、进行意义，还具有形容词的作用，可在句中作表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等。,Thecryinggirlcantfindhermother.那个正在哭的女孩找不到她妈妈了。(定语)Thestoryisinteresting.这个故事很有趣。(表语)Isawhimstudyingintheclassroom.我看到他正在教室里学习。(宾语补足语)Studyinghard,youwillpasstheexam.只要你努力学习，就会通过考试。(状语),28(2017龙东中考)IsawJim_intothatnewbuildingjustnow.Oh,itsournewlibrary.It_tothepublicforaweek.Awalk;hasopenedBwalking;hasbeenopenCwalking;hasopened,B,29Iheardhim_anEnglishsongwhenIpassedhisroomlastnight.AsingBsingingCsungDtosing,B,30(2016衡阳中考)Thenovelisgreat.Itswellworth_AreadBreadsCreading,C,考点4过去分词(1)由“动词原形ed”构成，表示被动、完成意义，在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。Sheisverytired.她很疲劳。(表语)Theboyworeapairoffadedjeans.那个男孩穿了一条褪色的牛仔裤。(定语)Shefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.她发现这个村庄变化很大。(宾语补足语),(2)现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别。现在分词作定语与它所修饰的名词存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动或者进行。asleepingchild一个正在睡觉的孩子adevelopingcountry一个发展中国家boilingwater正在沸腾的水asurprisinglook一个令人吃惊的表情,过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系，表示被动关系或者已经完成。thenovelwrittenbyLu