新课标高考英语艺考生文化课UnitEighteen课件.ppt

UnitEighteen,.重点词汇必背每个单元20个，其中重点单词15个，重点短语5个。.核心词汇运用从本单元的重点词汇中选出核心单词7个和核心短语3个进行了精讲。.语法突破对高考的各语法知识点进行精讲，并对该考点进行分析和训练。或.题型突破对高考中的题型的进行分析，对它的解法进行归纳，并对该题型进行针对性训练。.作文模板必背针对高考各话题列出模板，供考生记忆。,一、重点单词1.forbidfbidv.禁止；不许2.forcef:sv.强迫，迫使；夺取n.力；力量；势力；威力；武力3.foreignf:rnadj.外国的4.forgetfgetv.忘记；遗忘；忘掉5.forgivefgivv.原谅，宽恕6.fortunatef:tnitadj.幸运的；侥幸的7.fortunef:t:nn.大量财产；运气；财富；成功8.freedomfri:dmn.自由9.freezefri:zv.（使）结冰；（使）凝固；（使）冻僵；愣住；冷藏；冻结10.frightenfraitnv.使惊恐，吓唬11.functionfknn.作用，功能；职责v.运转，起作用12.furnituref:nitn.（总称）家具；装备13.garagegra:n.汽车修理厂；汽车库；汽车间14.gathergv.聚集，采集，收集15.generousdenrsadj.慷慨的；宽大的；大方的；丰富的二、重点短语16.getonwellwithsb.与某人相处融洽17.getto到达18.giveup放弃，戒掉19.glanceat看一下，瞥一眼20.goshopping/swimming购物、游泳,构词forbiddancen.禁止，禁令用法forbidsb.todo禁止某人做ForbiddenCity紫禁城，故宫例句Iforbidyoutocallmelateatnight.我禁止你在深夜给我打电话。操练根据句子要求，完成句子。(1)这间办公室禁止吸烟。Smoking_inthisoffice.(2)我的父母不许我在外面过夜。Myparents_me_stayoutatnight.(3)他不许离开国家。He_fromleavingthecountry.Keys:(1)isforbidden(2)forbid,to(3)isforbidden,一、重点单词1.forbidv.禁止；不许,2.forcev.强迫，迫使；夺取n.力；力量；势力；威力；武力,构词forcefuladj.有力的，强烈的用法forcesb.todosth.强迫做comeintoforce开始生效，开始实行例句Nopoweronearthcouldforcemetodoit.谁也不能强迫我做这事。操练根据句子要求，完成句子。(1)如果有必要的话，我们会用武力解决这个问题。Wellsettletheproblem_ifnecessary.(2)新法规下月实施。Thenewlaw_nextmonth.(3)农业劳动力正在不断减少。Thefarm_isrunningdownsteadily.Keys:(1)byforce(2)comesintoforce(3)laborforce,3.forgetv.忘记；遗忘；忘掉,构词过去式:forgot过去分词:forgotten/forgotforgetfuladj.健忘的；疏忽的forget-me-not勿忘我（花）用法forgetdoingsth.做了某事而把它忘记了forgettodo要做而忘记做例句ThatwasamomentthatIshallneverforget.那个时刻我永远不会忘记。操练根据句子要求，完成句子。(1)我几乎忘记付电话费用。Ialmost_paythephonebill.(2)我忘了我做过作业。I_myhomework.Keys:(1)forgetto(2)forgotdoing,4.fortunen.大量财产；运气；财富；成功,构词fortunateadj.幸运的，侥幸的fortunatelyadv.幸运地，侥幸地fortune-teller算命者用法makeafortune发财tryonesfortune碰运例句YeBohadmadeafortuneinbeef.叶波靠卖牛肉发财了。操练根据句子要求，完成句子。(1)他在另一个城市碰碰运气。He_inanothercity.(2)他梦想发大财。Hedreamedof_afortune.(3)他真是一个幸运儿。Heisreallya_.Keys:(1)triedhisfortune(2)making(3)childoffortune,5.freedomn.自由,构词freeadj.自由的；免费的v.释放；使自由；使摆脱freelyadv.自由地用法struggleforfreedom为自由而斗争freedomofspeech言论自由setsth.free释放例句Pleasesetthebirdfree.请把鸟放掉吧。操练根据句子要求，完成句子。(1)约翰布朗为争取自由而献出自己的一切。JohnBrowndevotedhimselftothestruggle_.(2)他不能自由地选择他自己的事业。Hewasnot_choosehisowncareer.(3)他的年老双亲无忧无虑。Hiselderlyparentsare_care.Keys:(1)forfreedom(2)freeto(3)freefrom,6.freezev.（使）结冰；（使）凝固；（使）冻僵；愣住；冷藏；冻结n.冷藏；冻结,构词过去式:froze过去分词:frozen用法freezetodeath冻死freezewithcold冷得结冰freezewithfright吓呆例句Iwillfreezethefishandsaveitforlater.我要把这条鱼冻上，留着过后吃。操练根据句子要求，完成句子。(1)退休工人要求冻结物价。Theretiredworkersdemandeda_prices.(2)低温会把我的花冻死。Thelowtemperaturewill_myflowers.(3)警卫喊道：“不许动。”Theguardershouted,“_”.Keys:(1)freezeon(2)freeze(3)Freeze,7.frightenv.使惊恐，吓唬,构词frightenedadj.受惊的frighteningadj.令人恐惧的；令人害怕的用法frightensb.todeath把某人吓得要死befrightenedat/with/by被某一突然出现的人或物所惊吓例句Thechildwasfrightenedbythefiercedog.那个小孩被恶狗吓坏了。操练根据句子要求，完成句子。(1)这真是一场令人恐惧的经历。Itsreallya_experience.(2)这个受惊的孩子紧紧地抓着妈妈的胳膊。The_childgrippedhismothersarm.(3)他们百般恫吓，依然无效。Theytriedinvainto_him_threats.Keys:(1)frightening(2)frightened(3)frighten,with,二、重点短语,比较arrivein/at.=reach=getto到达gettoknow增进(彼此间的)了解例句Keepstraightonuntilyougettothechurch.一直朝前走，就到教堂了。操练填入适当的词使句子完整。(1)你必须准时赶到车站。Youmust_thestationontime.(2)你一旦了解她，就喜欢她了。Youlllikeheronceyou_her.(3)让我们言归正传。Lets_thepoint.Keys:(1)getto/reach/arriveat(2)gettoknow(3)getto,8.getto到达,9.giveup放弃，戒掉,比较abandon强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。giveup普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。例句Yououghttogiveupsmoking;Igaveituplastyear.你应该戒烟，我去年就戒掉了。操练填入适当的词使句子完整。(1)那些自暴自弃的人无法成功。Thosewho_themselvestodespaircannotsucceed.(2)医生们已放弃了治愈她的希望，而她却恢复得很好。Thedoctorshad_her_butshemadearemarkablerecovery.(3)她不会轻易放弃的，因为她是真正的战士。Shewont_easilyforshesarealfighter.Keys:(1)abandon(2)given,up(3)giveup,10.glanceat看一下，瞥一眼,比较glancethrough浏览glareat向人瞪眼，怒目而视stareat凝视例句Heglancedattheenvelopeandrecognizedhisuncleshandwriting.他瞥了一眼那个信封，认出是他叔父的笔迹。操练填入适当的词组使句子完整。(1)她羞怯地偷看了他一下，随即垂下眼帘。She_shyly_himandthenloweredhereyes.(2)盯着别人看是不礼貌的。Itisrudeto_otherpeople.(3)他们站在那，互相怒视着对方。Theystoodthere,_eachother.Keys:(1)glanced,at(2)stareat(3)glaringat,一、定语从句的概念及关系词二、关系代词引导的定语从句,三、关系副词引导的定语从句,【注意】关系副词一般可以用“介词+关系代词which”替换。四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,五、关系代词作介词宾语的定语从句,六、关系代词as,which引导非限制性定语从句的对比,七、定语从句和同位语从句的对比,八、关系代词that和which的用法对比,【定语从句高考考点分析】,下面是近几年高考题对定语从句的考查。通过这些题,我们来分析一下定语从句的用法和考点主要分布情况。1.(2014年全国卷)Maybeyouleaveahabit67isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.【分析】that/which。关系代词that/which在定语从句中作主语,先行词是ahabit。2.(2015年全国卷)IdskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver64arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese65(painting).【分析】64.that/which。关系代词that/which在定语从句中作主语,先行词是thelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwaters。3.(2016年全国卷)Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback64mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,65IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter66(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.【分析】65.when。非限制性定语从句,先行词是themid-1980s。,【定语从句高考考点分析】,4.(2017年全国卷)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70isnotgoodforthehealth.【分析】70.which。考查非限制性定语从句。句意:很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐,那对健康没有好处。分析可知whichisnotgoodforthehealth为非限制性定语从句,先行词为前文中的havetoomuchofboth“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。5.(2018年全国卷)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutes.【分析】66.which/that。考查定语从句。先行词是前面中的astudy在定语从句中作主语,故填which/that。从近几年的高考题中可以看出:定语从句的基本用法要掌握,既考关系代词,也考关系副词。注意复习定语从句中的句子成分。,【定语从句同步练习】,用适当的关系词填空。1.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanetlifehasdevelopedgradually.where(引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语。)2.IvebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.who(引导定语从句并在从句中作met的宾语,先行词是表示人的students,故用关系代词who。注意:先行词与关系代词之间被inmyschool分隔开了,要注意分辨。)3.Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,isnamedafterhisgrandfather.which(引导非限制性定语从句,并在定语从句中作主语,先行词是villageschool。)4.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingwassomeoneelsesfault.that(引导定语从句并在从句中作主语,先行词something指事物,多用that。),【定语从句同步练习】,5.Thatsthenewmachinepartsaretoosmalltobeseen.whose(引导定语从句并在从句中作定语,意思是“这台新机器的零部件小得看不清”,故用whose。)6.Isawthisbeautifulgirl,smilejustmeltedmeandalmostinstantlygavemeacompletelynewsenseofwhatlifeisallabout.whose(引导非限制性定语从句,指“那个女孩的”微笑。)7.ThelonghistoryoftheChineseKnotdatesbacktoancienttimespeoplefirstusedknotsforfastening,wrapping,huntingandfishing.when(引导定语从句,指代ancienttimes。)8.TheywillflytoWashington,theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.where(先行词为地点名词,并在定语从句中作状语。),【定语从句同步练习】,9.ThisistheverybookIamlookingfor.that(先行词由thevery修饰事物时,只能用关系代词that。)10.Allglittersisnotgold.that(先行词是指物的all时,关系代词只能用that。)11.IllneverforgetthedayIspentmyholidayinHawaii.when(先行词是表示时间的词,且在定语从句中作状语,相当于onwhich,故用关系副词。)12.IllneverforgetthedayIspentthere.which/that(虽然先行词是表示时间的词,但在定语从句中作spent的宾语,故用关系代词。),【定语从句同步练习】,13.TheschoolIlearnedEnglishwasverylarge.where(先行词是表示地点的词,且在定语从句中作状语,用关系副词。)14.TheschoolIvisitedyesterdaywasverylarge.which/that(虽然先行词是表示地点的词,但在定语从句中作visited的宾语,故用关系代词。)15.Canyoutellmethereasonyouwereabsenttoday?why(先行词是reason,在定语从句中作状语,相当于forwhich,故用关系副词why。)16.Thereasonhegavefornotcomingwasthathismotherdidntallowhimto.which/that(先行词虽然是