学术英语—医学Unit 1整理.doc

Academic English for MedicineMedical Terminologyl Lead in Cardiac adj. 心脏的Cardiomyopathy n. 心肌病Cardiovascular adj. 心血管的Cardiology n.心脏病学Myocarditis n.心肌炎 Electrocardiogram n. 心电图 Words are formed from roots, prefixes, and suffixes.Combining FormsWhen a suffix beginning with a consonant is added to a root, a vowel (usually an o) is inserted between the root and the suffix to aid in pronunciation. Root O Suffixeg.neur + o + logy = neurology (study of the nervous system)A root with a combining vowel is often called a combining form.希腊词素 连合元音 希腊词素 连合元音 希腊词素 英语医学词汇的基本特征医学词汇的多源化比如：汉语的“臀部”或“屁股”，英语词汇就有7个。hip古英语时期源自盎格鲁-撒克孙语Anglo-Saxon 与日耳曼民族入侵同期buttock中古英语时期源自日耳曼语Germanic日耳曼民族入侵后出现rump中古英语时期源自斯堪的纳维亚语与丹麦人的入侵同期breech中古英语时期源自古法语French 与诺曼人的入侵同期nates17世纪后源自拉丁语latin与文艺复兴同期gluteus17世纪后源自希腊语greek与文艺复兴同期Pygo-17世纪后源自希腊语与工业革命同期前4个词均为口语词汇或俗语，好比汉语的“屁股”；后3个词为著述所用，是书面语，好比汉语的“臀部”。一词多义由于人类最早的医学活动与巫术、神话有关；到公元前800年至公元前300年，人类的医学活动与哲学密切相关；到公元1、2世纪，世界名医辈出，医学词汇的应用更广。医学词汇就出现了其他的循环意义。比如: heart 意义例句He has a heart attack.The pain in ones heartHe declared his heart.A man of heartA cold heartThe heart of the cityMy dear heart3、医学词汇一词三式医学英语词汇还体现在横向关系上, 大多数关于人体解剖的医学词汇都是同一个词义,有盎格鲁-撒克孙, 希腊与拉丁三种语源表达形式,比如:汉语盎格鲁-撒克孙源希腊源拉丁源体bodysomacorpus心heartcardiacor肠bowelenteronintestine肾kidneynephrosrenes血bloodhemasanquis女womangyneFemaleMedical TerminologySome Latin and Greek parts:人体部位EnglishLatinGreek静脉veinveno-phlebo-胸chestpecto-thoraco-腹bellyabdomino-ventro-脊柱backbonespino-spondylo-脑braincerebro-encephalo-头headcapito-cephalo-心heartcordi-cardio-手handmano-/manu-cheiro-血管vesselvaso-angio-l Exercises1.adren/o: adrenal gland(肾上腺) adrenal -al, pertaining to, hence pertaining to adrenal gland adrenaline -lin/line, substance, hence _ adrenalitis -itis, inflammation, hence _2. ar: pertaining to vascular vascul/o, blood vessel. hence_ cellular _ molecular _3. bi/o: life biomedical _ biology -logy, the study of, hence _ biophysical _4. chrom/o, chromomat: color chromosomes -somes, bodies, hence the color body, the substance that carries genetic features from parents to children chromatin -in, substance, hence a protein substance in the nucleus of a cell, component of chromosomes5. crin/o: secrete endocrinology _ crinogenic gen/o+ic, pertaining to the production, hence _ crinology _6. cyte: cell erythrocyte erythr/o, red, hence _ leukocyte leuk/o, white, hence _ lymphocyte lymph/o, lymph(淋巴) hence _7. cyt/: cell cytology _ cytochemistry _ cytobiology _8. embry/o: embryo (胚胎) embryology _ embryoma -oma, tumor hence _ embryopathology pathology, the study of disease, hence _9.endo-: inner endocrinology _ endocardial _ endocellular _Words to be remembered in Unit 11. neuron2. ovrload3. diabetes4. hypertension5. cholesterol6. medication7. consultation8. enzyme9. osteoporosis10. pneumonia11. vaccine12. prescription13. simultaneous14. resident15. overwhelming16. prioritize17. simulate18. omniscient19. tablet20. eligibility21. criterion22. prognosis23. ward24. infec