Unit2 The environment重点词汇讲解.doc

重点词汇讲解1. survival n. 存在，幸存 survivor n. 生存者1) The survival of the fittest is the law of nature. 适者生存是自然法则。2) He is the only survival in the air crash.他是空难的唯一幸存者。survive v. 活着，继续存在；比活得长；从困境中活过来或挺过来3) Few survived after the flood.洪水后生还者很少。4) The custom sstill survives.这种风俗习惯还保存着。5) He survived his wife for many years.他比她妻子多活好多年。6) The house survived the storm.经过暴风雨的袭击，着所房屋并未倒塌2. in addition 加上，又，另外1) In addition, I have one more suggestion to make.另外，我还有个建议要提。2) In addition to the tips mentioned above, students should pay attention to one more tip.除了上所提到的注意事项，学生们还得注意一点。3) an addition to the class 一名班里新加的同学additional 多余的； 额外的4) The government is providing an additional 1 million yuan to carry out the experiment. 政府额外提供一百万元进行试验。3. wipe out 扫除，清除掉，购销（债务），消灭，毁灭1) We should call on the people to wipe out flies, mice and so on.我们应该号召人民消灭苍蝇、老鼠等。2) It was wiped out from his memory.这件事从他的记忆中消失了。拓展：wipe off dirt擦去灰尘3) The rain then falling wiped away all the footprints.当时正下着雨，把所有的足迹都冲掉了。4. laylaidlaid(1) 产；下1) This kind of birds lay their eggs in other birds nests这种鸟把自己的蛋下在别的鸟的巢里。2) This is the season when fish lay eggs, therefore fishing is forbidden.这是个鱼产卵的季节，因而禁止捕鱼。(2)放；搁，铺设3) You should not lay your new suit on the bed你不该把你的新西装放在床上。.4) Youd better put the problem aside and think about it later.你最好把这个问题放一放，过一会儿再思考。 5) The workers are laying the cable.工人们在铺设电缆。(3)摆放to lay the table 摆放餐具准备用餐。注意：lieliedliedlying 说谎 lielaylainlying 躺 laylaidlaidlaying 放置，搁，产卵5. run (1)跑1) Luis can run as fast as a horse. 刘易斯跑得象马一样快。(2)经营2) He is learning how to run a business.他正在学如何经营事业。(3)开设3) The school runs courses for those who want to improve their English.学校为那些想提高英语的人开设课程。(4)开动，运转4) Who can run this machine?谁能开动这台机器？5)Who had the machine running the whole night yesterday?谁让机器昨天开一夜？(5)延伸6) This road runs as far as the river. 这条路一直通到河。(6)流；淌7) Tears ran down her face after she heard the moving story. 听了那动人的故事，泪水沿着脸流下。running water 自来水6. be concerned about(for, over)对关心1) We are all concerned about her safety.我们都很关心她的安全。2) She was much concerned over the living conditions of the refugees.她很关心难民的生活情况。concerned 形容词，意思是“和有关”3) We shall have to consult the other countries concerned.我们得和其他有关国家磋商。4) This was good news to everyone concerned.这对每一个有关的人来说都是好消息。concerning prep. 介词，通常用于比较正式的场合，意思是“关于”5) I wrote to the head of the company concerning a business arrangement.我就一项业务安排问题写信给该公司经理。as far as be concerned 就而言6) As far as Im concerned, I cannot object to your marriage.就我个人而言，我不反对你们结婚。7. Figure数字1) Dont just look at the figures, look at the quality of work, too.不要只看数字，还要看工作质量。(1)figure 图形，人物square figure 方形historical figure 历史人物(2)figure out弄懂，弄明白，想出办法Ill figure out what to do next. 我来看看下一部怎么办。8. run out of 用完了We have run out of milk and bread. 我们没有牛奶和面包了。run for 竞选She run for mayor three times.她三次竞选市长。run across 偶遇run after追赶，追逐I ran across my teacher at the hall. 我在大厅里遇到了老师。9. eco-环境的，生态的ecology 生态学 ecological生态的 ecologist生态学家 ecotype生态型 ecoearriers生态保护战士 ecotourism生态旅游 ecotourist生态旅游者ecofriendly环保的 ecodevelopment 生态发展 ecosystem生态系统eco-activity 生态活动 ecocatastrophe生态灾难10. global adj. 全球的，全世界的 global issue 全球性问题 global village 地球村 global warming 全球变暖 globalize v. 全球化，全世界化 globalization n. the globalization of world trade 世界贸易的全球化 globe n. 地球仪，地球，世界 tourists from every corner of the globe 来自世界各地的游人11. electric adj. 电的，用电的，带电的 electric light/guitar 电灯/电吉他 electric razor 电动剃须刀 electric blanket 电热毯 electrical adj. 电的，与电有关的，电气科学的 electrical equipment 电器设备 electrical engineering 电机工程 electricity n. 电 electrician n. 电工12. customs n. 海关，报关手续，关税1) It took us an hour to get through/pass the customs.我们花了一个小时的时间通过海关。2) I had to pay customs on this camera.我得为这部相机支付关税。custom n. 风俗习惯，习俗3) Social customs vary greatly from country to country.各个国家的社会习俗有很大的差异。4) the custom of giving presents at Christmas 圣诞互赠礼物的习俗5) It is the custom in that country for women to marry young.那个国家妇女早婚是一种风俗习惯。the Customs 海关a customs officer 海关人员customs duties 关税14. The state of our parks is very shocking, with rubbish everywhere.公园里到处都是垃圾，令人震惊。Shock v.使震惊1) I was very much shocked at the sight. 这情景使我大为震惊。Shock n.冲击，打击，电击2) It was a great shock for him when his wife died.他妻子的死对他上一个沉重的打击。3) An electric shock can kill you. 电击可致人于死地。相关短语：culture shock文化冲击（休克）future shock未来冲击（震撼）shocked 感到震惊 shocking令人震惊15. impress v. 给留下印象1) We interviewed a number of candidates but none of them impressed us.我们和数名申请人进行了面谈，但没给我们留下什么印象。2) He impressed her with his sincerity.他以自己的真诚给她留下了深刻的印象。impression n. 印象，感想3) My first impression of him was favourable.他给我的第一印象不错。4) She gives the impression of being very busy.她给人的感觉总是很忙。 makeimpression on 给留下印象5) His trip to India made a strong impression on him.他的印度之行对他的振动很大。leave an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象。16. decrease v. （使某物）变小或变少；减少； n. decrease ( in sth. ) 减少；降低1) Student numbers have decreased by 500.学生人数减少了500。2) The membership decreased to 150.会员数减少到150。3) Interest in the sport is decreasing.人民对这项运动项目的兴趣已逐渐淡薄。4) There has been a decrease in population.人口数已有下降。反义词；increase5) Tourists have increased in number.旅游者的人数增加了。6) Increase in population caused a shortage of food.人口的增加导致了粮食的不足17. measure v. 量度，测量；n. 量器；尺度，标准；措施，办法；1) The tailor measured me (up) for a suit. 裁缝给我量尺寸做衣服。2) This room measures 6 meters by 4.这个房间6米长，4米宽。3) They took strong measures against reckless drivers.他们对于卤莽的驾驶员采取了强硬的手段。clothes made to measure 订做的衣服 a tape measure 卷尺 18. stock n. 库存物，存货；adj.常备的；常用的，陈腐的；v. 储备1) Have you any red shirts in stock?你们有红色衬衣的的现货吗？2) As soon as they heard about possible food shortages, they began to stock up.他们一听说食物可能短缺，就立刻储备起来。3) We stock a lot of canned food in the basement.我们在地下室里储存了大量的罐头食品。4) Stocks of the company are rising (falling)该公司的股票正在上涨（下跌）。the stock exchange 证券交易所19. pick out选出，拣出1) Here are sone magazines. You can pick out those you want.这里有一些杂志，你可挑出你想要的。pick up;拈起，学会，收听到，搭载，康复2) She picked up the telephone on her desk and began to dial.她拿起桌上的电话开始拨号。3) The little girl picked herself up and went on playing.那小女孩自己爬起来玩。4) Young children soon pick up words they hear their elders use.小孩很快就学会了他们听到大人们讲的那些话。5) We picked up signals for help in the radio.我们在无线电里收到了呼救信号。6) The bus stopped to pick up passengers.公共汽车停下来让乘客上车。7) She was ill for some time, but she is now picking up.她病了一阵子，不过现在正在康复。辨析：pick out, choose和selectpick out指“仔细挑选”，表示选择时的小心谨慎；choose是一般性选择，在明确两 者之间选一个时，用select侧重于从许多不同种类中进行挑选时的挑剔态度20. raise v. 举起，提起，升起，提高，引起，激起，使产生或出现，养育，饲养1) She raised her eyes and stared at me. 她抬起眼睛盯着我。2) My salary was raised to 50000 yuan a year.我的薪水被增加到每年50000元。3) Please raise your hand. 请举手。4) She raised the window and let in the fresh air.她把窗户推上去，让新鲜空气进来。5) He raised his voice. 他提高声音。6) I was raised by my aunt. 我由姑姑抚养长大。raise money 募捐 raise a question 提问题 raise cattle 养牛比较：raise vt. (raised/raised) 举起，抬起 rise vi.( rose/risen) 上升，起立7) Prices have been raised up. 价格被提高了。8) Prices rose gradually. 价格逐渐上涨。21. appreciate 赞赏，欣赏，感激1) I really appreciate your help. 我真的很感激你的帮助。2) Do you appreciate good wine? 你会鉴赏好酒吗？练习一、词汇拼写1. The two sides had a fierce d_ before they reached an agreement.2. There are no factories in the area, so there is no i_ pollution.3. These measures are very b_, youd better take them.4. It is o_ that he knows nothing about what has happened, you may tell him now.5. In order to study the s_ in Russia, Marx began to learn Russian in his sixties.6. The_(环境)pollution here is very serious, which the government should not take no notice of.7. Frankly speaking, I did it out of my _(愿意).8. _(除了)remembering new words, we should do more reading aloud in the morning.9. I am glad to see many of you have made _(稳定)progress this term.10.There are a variety of gases in the _(大气).11. What Liu Xiang did at the Olympic Games excited the whole n_.12. Using the right hand to shake hands is a c_.13. They were talking across the garden f_.14. Because of the heavy rain the l_ of the lake has risen 6 inches.15. At what age does an elephant reach full g_?16. Too much work and too little rest often _(导致) to illness.17. You will _(危及) your health if you work so hard.18. Plastics today contribute to a wide _(范围) of industries.19. Thats just because you cant _(欣赏) music.20. The _(使用) of some English words are difficult to learn.21. Now its time _(自由发言),you may air your opinions freely.22. I am afraid we will have to stop at the gas station, we_ (用完) the oil.23. Which of the s_ of the four is true according the passage.24. We shall start upon the a_ of the last guest.25. Most students are working hard, some of them have already made r_ progress.26. His efforts finally _(导致结果) his great success.27. Some naughty boy cant _(集中)what the teachers say in class, they are often absent-minded.28. As is known to all ,it is _(非法的) to hunt wildlife.29. Some animals have several _(胃).30. His army _(装备)the weapons made in Germany . 31. Students are required to watch c_ when doing chemical experiment.32. He can earn money himself, he no longer needs to_(依靠) his parents.33. Now in the USA ,he has come to realize the _(重要性)of English.34. The area of land that is _(可耕的) is comparatively small.35. It is a s_ to cheat in the exams.二、用所给的动词短语的适当形式填空A) 选择正确的词或短语填空voice, wipe out, live on, cut back on, expand, run, pay, tax, lay, approach1. Unlike tigers, deer _ grass.2. He works very hard, of course he _well3. We should _hares for they are destroying the plants.4. The old worker can not _this machine, made in Japan.5. Its your turn to _ your opinion.6. The products _ heavily _ when they are imported.7. Some countries have decided to _ the number of army.8. The company will _ its business by opening two more branches9. Autumn _, you may put on more clothes if necessary.10. The hen _-an egg a day for a long time.B) 用所给词汇的适当形式填空1. The floor requires _ (wash).2. He could do nothing but _out for a walk alone (go).3. I have never heard a single word_ in French (speak).4. Not all children had a chance _to school at that time (go).5. The book _on the table doesnt belong to me (lie).6. They are practicing _ the new song (sing).7. I feel like _him what I think of him (tell).8. Wed better keep a secret of the things _here now (discuss).9. Hurry up! Mother is sure to _us at home (wait for). 10. Do you think the situation _ (encourage)?11. The Giant Panda is known as the _ (nation) treasure of China.12. How can I get the _ (dirty) off the walls?13. You heard nothing _ (concern) this matter, did you?14. A good sleeping bag is an essential part of every campers _ (equip).15. You should employ a variety of _ (technical) in the test.三、单项选择1. Over one thousand people visited the exhibition _those who were present at the opening ceremony on the first day.A. except B. except forC. with the exception D. in addition to2. He tried to _the memory of his former girl friend.A. wiped out of B. wipe inC. wipe upD. wipe out3. The boy _on the ground _ to his father that the hen _ two egges that day.A. laying ;lied; laidB. lying; lied; laidC. lying; lay; liedD. lay; lied; laid4. The cup was full and the water in it was_. A. running overB. running outC. running throughD. running gout of5. Its not necessary for you to be _about others business. A. concern B. concerning C. concerned D. concern yourself6. I cant _why she said so.A. figure out B. think overC. think of D. figure on7. Everyone wishes for _peace.A. globe B. globallyC. global D. the globe8. The little girl was frightened and stood _to her mother.A. closely B. closeC. to close D. closing 9. I got my first _when I found that only one graduate school would take a girl student in physics. I had never imagined that! A. band B. greetingC. reward D. shock10. Usually what the teacher says will leave a deep _a child. A. mark withB. impression onC. effect in D. imagination of11. We should pay attention to the voice of the _.A. country B. stateC. nationD. n