新编英语教程 4 Unit 3 Salvation课件.doc

Unit 3 SalvationTeaching objectives1. to understand how children may react to religion and why they ay lie about this and other subjects2. to understand the background information related to salvationTeaching procedureI. Background information1. original sinOriginal Sin, in Christian theology, the universal sinfulness of the human race, traditionally ascribed to the first sin committed by Adam. Sin, in Christian doctrine, is considered a state of alienation or estrangement from God.The Forbidden FruitIn Christian theology, original sin refers to the consequences of the disobedience of Adam and Eve in eating the fruit of the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. The most important of these consequences was the loss of immortality for Adam and Eve and their descendants. In Christian belief, the effects of original sin are remedied by the sacrificial death of Christ. Here, in the engraving Adam and Eve (1504), by German artist Albrecht Drer, Eve offers the forbidden fruit to her mate.SalvationSalvation, the idea of being saved, as described in various religions. In Christianity, individuals are thought of as being saved from eternal punishment through Christs death on the cross. In Buddhism, especially in Chinese and Japanese Buddhism, people can be saved from the endless cycle of reincarnation through bodhisattvas or through Amida Buddha. In Hinduism, especially in the bhakti tradition, devotion to a god can bring salvation from reincarnation and is open to those who have realized their true nature as brahman (spirit).2.the Ten CommandmentsYou shall have no other gods before me. You shall not make for yourself carved imageYou shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vainRemember the Sabbath day, to keep it holyHonor your father and your motherYou shall not murder. You shall not commit adultery. You shall not steal. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. You shall not covet your neighbors house; you shall not covet your neighbors wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that is your neighbors. （Exodus:）除了我以外，你不可有别的神。不可为自己雕刻偶像；不可妄称耶和华你上帝的名；当纪念安息日，守为圣日。当孝敬父母，不可杀人。不可奸淫。不可偷盗。不可作假见证陷害人。不可贪恋人的房屋；也不可贪恋人的妻子、仆婢、牛驴，并他一切所有的。3.sheep/lamb Psalms1. the valley of the shadow of death 死荫的幽谷；濒死的痛苦时刻The LORD the Shepherd of His PeopleA Psalm of David The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want. He makes me to lie down in green pastures; He leads me beside the still waters. He restores my soul; He leads me in the paths of righteousnessFor His names sake. Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil; For You are with me, Your rod and Your staff, they comfort me. You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies; You anoint my head with oil;My cup runs over.Surely goodness and mercy shall follow meAll the days of my life;And I will dwell in the house of the LORDForever.David (king) (?-961 bc), king (1000-961 bc) of Judah and Israel, founder of the Judean dynasty. Several accounts of his accomplishments occur in the Old Testament, chiefly in the books of Samuel, Kings, and Chronicles. David was a valiant warrior and an outstanding leader. He displayed unfailing religious devotion and epitomized the courage and aspirations of his people, the prophets of whom came inevitably to regard him as the type of the promised Messiah. In both the Old Testament and New Testament, the Messiah is referred to as the Son of David. In tradition, he is credited with writing 73 of the Psalms; most scholars, however, consider this claim questionable.II. Pre-reading QuestionsThe purpose of asking the students to look up the given words is two-fold: to provide them with clues about the religious content of the text and to supply them with adequate background information. Try not to give the students any extra information or they may lose interest in the passage. It is always best for the students to solve their own problems by themselves.Definitions of words as used in the Christian religion:salvationthe state of having ones soul saved from sin and its consequences 灵魂的拯救saveset free from the power of or from the eternal punishment for sinsinbreaking of Gods laws, disobedience to Gods commandmentsrevivalseries of meetings intended to produce an increase in interest in religion, or to stir up the religious faith among those who have been indifferent, usually by preaching and confession of sins（鼓动性的）福音布道会lambyoung members of church flock or Christian congregationfoldbody of believers in the Christian religionIII. questions on the text1. Why did the childs aunt speak of the special meeting for days before ahead?2. What did his aunt say to the child about salvation and what effect did the description of salvation have on him?3. What impression does the writer try to give by describing the old women and men?4. Point out examples of repletion of the idea of “seeing Jesus ”in the text and tell the function of this idea each time it occurs.5. In what sense was the boy saved?IV. The Main IdeasThe statement that best sums up the main ideas is (1)：“After having through a painful process, the child was finally saved from sin, but instead of feeling joyous, he felt miserable because of his disillusionment.”V. Words and expressionsPara. 11. messiah The anticipated deliverer and king of the Jews.救世主：犹太人所盼望的复国救主及犹太国王Also Messias Jesus. 也作 Messias 耶稣基督messiah A leader who is regarded as or professes to be a savior or liberator.解救者：被看作是或自称为救世主或解放者的领导人 Christ kraist: n.基督教救世主(特指耶稣基督)2. Why did the childs aunt speak of the special meeting for days ahead? Being a pious Christian, she had a deep respect and boundless love for God, hoping that God would bless and save her whole family. Now that there was an opportunity for the soul of her nwphew to be saved, she couldnt help feeling excited. She was looking forward to the special meeting for children, unable to hide her eagerness.3. 他手术后令人惊异地迅速恢复过来。He made an amazing revival after the operation.许多大学生又表现出对中国传统戏曲如京剧和越剧的浓厚兴趣。There has been a revival of strong interest in traditional Chinese drama, such as Beijing Opera and Shaoxing Opera, among the college students.4. and the membership of the church had grownmembershipnumber of members; all members More examples: 我们学校的戏剧社有很多成员。The drama society in our school has a large membership.5. 这两个邻国的经济交往和双边贸易得到迅猛发展。The two neighboring countries economic exchange and bilateral trade developed by leaps and bounds.我们自学组的成员由于年轻人对知识的渴望这个夏天增长迅猛。The membership of our self-taught group has grown by leaps and bounds this summer because of the young peoples thirst for knowledge. In todays world, science and technology are advancing by leaps and bounds and all countries are attaching greater importance to the important role of scientific and technological advancement in socio-economic development. 当今世界，科学技术突飞猛进，各国更加重视科技进步在经济社会发展中的重要作用。Para. 2What did his aunt say to the child about salvation and what effect did the description of salvation have on him? She told him that he could see and hear and feel Jesus in his soul when he was saved. Jesus would come to him and the child would come to him and the child would see a light and feel different inside. Being a child of twelve, he believed her and waited in great earnest for Jesus to come into his life.Para. 31. The preacher preached a wonderful rhythmical sermon, all moans and shouts and lonely cries and dire pictures of hell. The clergyman spoken on religious matters to the congregation. His speech was marvelously regular and melodious; it was a mixture of the low sounds of pain, grief and suffering, loud and happy as well as lonely cries, and horrible pictures of the underworld sinners go to when they die. all moans and shouts and lonely cries and dire pictures of hell, Lonely means “having no companionship” and indicates the “state of mind of one being or feeling alone.” Lonely may also be applied to places which are unfrequented or remote from human habitation.More examples: 随着旅游业的发展，现在成群的游客来参观曾经这个是荒山野岭的地区。With the development of the travel business, swarms of tourists now visit the once lonely mountainous area.由于在家里有很多温情，这个退休工人并不是过着孤独的生活。The retired worker is not living a lonely life since there is so much warmth and care at home.2. 小女孩显然受伤不轻。她哭了好几个小时，现在仍在呻吟。The little girl is apparently badly injured. Shes been crying for hours and shes still moaning.Para. 41. What impression does the writer try to give by describing the old women and men? The writer purposely describes the members of the congregation in detail the old black women wearing plaits, and weather-beaten old men; “weather-beaten” indicates their rich experience of life. Since they believed in God and they said the same things about Jesus, the child didnt think it could be untrue. The writer is suggesting that the power of other people to make a person do what they believe is right is often irresistible.2. 这个看上去饱经风霜的渔翁伸出他那由于辛劳而布满老茧的双手。The old fisherman with a weather-beaten face held out his work-gnarled hands.3. And the whole building rocked with prayer and song. The whole building shook with all the praying and singing.当诺贝尔奖得主走上讲台时，整个大厅顿时爆发出一阵欢呼声和鼓掌声。As the Nobel Prize winner went onto the platform, the whole hall rocked with cheers and clapping.Para. 71. Then I was left all alone on the mourners bench. Alone means “by oneself”. More examples:他自己一个人生活而且很孤独。He lives entirely alone and is very lonely.在解放战争中我们并不是孤立的。In this war of liberation we shall not be alone.宁可孤独也不要坏的伙伴。Better be alone than in bad company. Lonely differs from alone in that it usually means experiencing or producing a feeling of isolation and sadness whereas alone does not. Moreover, lonely is used both attributively and predicatively, alone only predicatively.2. Why didnt the child rise and be saved sooner? He believed that many old people certainly knew better that God would come into his life. He felf he had to wait patiently to see Jesus in spite of the heat, the crowd, and the earnest entreaties of some of the members of the congregation. As he hadnt seen Jesus, he didnt want to lie and say he had, for he was basically an honest body.3. 舞会进行到高潮时，舞厅里一片乐曲和歌声。When the dance party was in full swing, music and songs swirled all around the ballroom.4. The whole congregation prayed for me alone, in a mighty wail of moans and voices. All the people attending church service prayed only for me; their praying became one strong and powerful sound of pain and suffering.Para. 9“Langston,” my aunt sobbed. sobdraw in the breath sharply and irregularly from sorrow or pain while crying 啜泣，呜咽 More examples:“Oh, dont leave me, dont leave me!” She began to sob passionately.A feeling of infinite regret came over him, as he saw her lying in bed sobbing like a child. She wouldnt have failed in the experiment if he had given her timely support. Cf.: And the little girls cried.To cry is to express grief or pain or sorrow by making mournful sounds and shedding tears.哭泣 More examples:So he cried quite alone for a long time till he at last cried himself to sleep.It is no use crying over spilt milk. Cf.: Tom allowed himself to weep tears, they were tears of anger. Weep stresses the shedding of tears. 哭，流泪 The difference between weep and cry is that crying is audible and accompanied with tears, but to weep usually refers to the silent shedding of tears. More examples:她并没有为她死了英勇的儿子哭泣。She didnt weep over the death of her son who died a heroic death.男儿有泪不轻弹，皆因未到伤心处。 Men only weep when deeply grieved.乐极生悲。 He who laughs on friday will weep on sunday.Para. 111. 这个小伙子为自己给家庭带来这么多的麻烦而深感羞愧，他跪在他们的面前乞求宽恕。The young man felt so ashamed of himself for causing so much trouble to the family that he went on his knees and begged their forgiveness.be ashamed of人穷并不可耻。Being poor is nothing to be ashamed of.你撒了谎感到害臊吗?Are you ashamed for having lied?他应该为自己的可耻的行为感到羞愧。He should be ashamed for his shameful conduct.2. swing: to move back and forth suspended or as if suspended from above悬摆：从上面垂挂似乎垂挂着前后摇动 吊在高处的灯在风中摇动。The lantern hanging overhead swung in the wind.sway: to swing back and forth or to and fro.See Synonyms at swing 摇摆：前后或来回摆动 地震使墙向左倾斜The earthquake causes the wall to sway to the left.rock: to move back and forth or from side to side, especially gently or rhythmically摇晃：尤指温柔地或有节奏地前后或左右摆动; to sway violently, as from a blow or shock.See Synonyms at swing 震动。 轮船剧烈地左右晃动，许多乘客都晕船了。The ship rocked violently from side to side, causing many passengers to feel seasickness. 3. grin: to draw back the lips and bare the teeth, as in mirth or good humor咧嘴而笑：嘴唇后咧并露出牙齿，如在高兴或情绪好时; 听到这个好消息，他笑逐颜开。He grinned from ear to ear at the good news. giggle: to laugh with repeated short, spasmodic sounds吃吃地笑：以重复间歇的、短的声音笑; 教师的嗓音很高,孩子们都不禁咯咯地笑起来.The children could not stop giggling at the teachers high-pitched voice. chuckle: to laugh quietly or to oneself轻笑或自笑; 他看报时暗暗独自发笑.He chuckled to himself s he read the newpaper. sneer: to assume a scornful, contemptuous, or derisive facial expression讥笑。 大多数人都鄙视他，叫他笨蛋，但是他一点也不介意。Most people just sneer and call him a fool, but he does not mind a bit.4. So I decided that maybe to save further trouble, Id better lie, too, and say that Jesus had come, and get up and be saved. savemake unnecessary; relieve (somebody) from the need of using 免得，节省 More examples:She went to the food shop to buy some cooked meat to save her time and energy / to save her cooking.Labor-saving gadgets such as potato peelers and nut-crackers save us a lot of time. Cf.: savefree (a person) from the power or effect of evil (sin) in Christianity and some other religions 拯救Para. 131. Waves of rejoicing swept the place. The whole church became a sea of great joy.2. When things quieted down, in a hushed silence punctuated by a few ecstatic “Amens”, all the young lambs were blessed in the name of God. When everything became quiet again, during a respectful silence, which was broken only by several people saying “Amen” extremely joyfully and happily, all the children were given blessings by the minister in the name of God.3. Suddenly the whole room broke into a sea of shouting, as they saw me rise. break intobegin suddenly to give voice to More examples:当人们看到职业拳击手倒地了，他们爆发出欢呼和尖叫声。When the crowd saw the prize-fighter fall down, they broke into shouts and cheers. 当他们看到我穿得像个小丑一样的时候他们笑了起来。They broke into laughter when they saw my clownish dress. 当这位诺贝尔物理奖获得者出现在师生面前时，全场一片欢腾。As soon as the winner of Nobel Prize of physics appeared before the faculty and students, the hall broke into a sea of cheers. a sea of controversy/troubles.许多矛盾/困难重重 the first wave of settlers.第一波定居者 a wave of enthusiasm/indignation 热情/愤怒的高潮Para. 14 in the name of the law凭藉法律的权威任何国家都不应以任何名义侵略他国。No country should invade others in the name of anything.他以他母亲的名义捐款给这间教堂。He made a donation to this church in the name of his mother.Para. 151. Couldnt/cant bear I couldnt bear to tell him/telling him that he failed in the exam again.2. Point out examples of repetition of the idea of “seeing Jesus” in the text and tell the function of this idea each time it occurs. 1) It is first mentioned by the childs aunt in the second paragraph, as an idea presented by his aunt in the process of trying to convince him of the importance of being saved. 2) In the fifth one-sentence paragraph the child was waiting to see Jesus. 3) It is reported in the seventh paragraph, when the child was still waiting and longing to see Jesus. 4) It is repeated again in the eleventh paragraph, this time as an indirect accusation of hypocrisy, since Jesus didnt punish Westley for telling a lie. 5) The last time it is repeated is in the last paragraph, when it ends up in Langstons self-revelation of and regret over his dishonesty, and it helps to express his distress about having been disillusioned.3. What lessons did the child learn from that special meeting and how would he react to religion and to what his aunt said from then on? The lessons he learned were: 1) He couldnt resist the power to do what a great many people thought he should. People, old and young, men and women, all believed in the existence of almighty God; he had to do what they expected of him and sit on the mourners bench to be saved and say Jesus had come. 2) If he didnt want to hold everything up, and if he wanted to save further trouble, he had better lie. The proverb “Honesty is the best policy”, he learned, did not always apply. 3) Religion was not what he wanted. He couldnt and wouldnt believe in his aunt and God any more since he had been deceived and forced to tell a lie.4. In what sense was the child saved? He was saved from sin in an ironic sense. He was compelled to commit a sin (i.e.