课件类：语法 省略句.ppt

省略句,Ellipsis,省略:为了避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。,简单句中的省略,1.在对话中,-Howisyourmothertoday?-(Sheis)muchbetter.,2.在祈使句中,(You)openthedoor,please.,3.在感叹句中,Whata(good)boy(heis)!,How(hard)theyareworking!,4.表示讲话人的意见和看法,(It)soundsfinetome.,(Itsa)pityyoucouldntcome.,5.提问,(Isthere)anythingwrong?,(Haveyou)foundthebike?,6.名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺,住宅,教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物,Athermothers(house)shepassedmanyhappydays.,Imethimatthedoctors(house).,7.动词不定式的省略:前面出现过的动词在下文再次出现时,可以单纯使用不定式符号to,1.-Willyougowithme?-Well,Idliketo(gowithyou).,2.Haveyoueverbeentotheseaside?-No,wecantaffordto(gototheseaside).,1.Areyouateacher?No,butIusedtobeateacher.,2.Johndidntcome,butheoughttohavecome.,注:如承前省略的不定式内容是be或作助动词用的have,to后要保留be或have.,(),(),3.Theyaskedmetogoswimming.Youdonthavetogoswimmingifyoudontwanttogoswimming.,练习:,(),(),1.Hepromisedtocometoseeyou.Buthe_.Ivebeenallalone.A.didntB.wouldntC.hasntD.wont2.Howaboutthenumberofstudentsplayingontheplayground?_.A.SmallB.ManyC.LittleD.Most3.Haveyouwateredtheflowers?No,but_.A.IamB.ImgoingC.ImjustgoingtoD.Iwillgo4.Hehasntgonetotheofficeuptonow.Well,he_.A.shouldB.oughttoC.oughttogoD.oughttohave,C,A,C,D,并列句中的省略,1.后面分句中与前面相同的部分常被省略,Shewaspoorbut(shewas)honest.,Bobhasdonehishomework,butTomhasnt(donehishomework).,2.有时并列句中的省略部分出现在前面的分句中，看完最后一个分句才能掌握全句的完整意义。,Marycan（speakEnglish）and(Mary)oughttospeakEnglish.,Bobworks(inLondon),andPeterlivesinLondon.,复合句中的省略,1.主句中的省略,1）主句的省略多见于句首，多用于口语中。,(Itsa)pityyoucouldntcome.,2)在对话中答句省去整个主句只用从句。,-ShallIgotoplay?-Ifyoulike.(youcangotoplay).,2.宾语从句中的省略,1）由which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句中与主句重复的主语或谓语,可全部或部分省去,只保留引导词。,Pleasepassmeoneofthesebooks,Idontcarewhich(youpassme).,Hewillcomeback,buthedoesntknowwhen(hewillcomeback).,ShewantstolearnEnglishwell,yetshedoesntknowhowshecanlearnitwell.,(),2)在Imafraid,Ithink,Ibelieve,Ihope,Iguess,Iexpect,Isuppose,Iimagine等开头的作答句中,后面跟so与not分别用于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。,2.Doyouthinkitwillrain?Ihopeso(itwillrain).,1.Doyoubelieveourteamwillwin?Iguessso(yourteamwillwin).,Ihopenot(thatitwillnotrain).,注:Ihopeso的否定式只能用Ihopenot,不可用Idonthopeso.,Iguessnot(yourteamwillnotwin).,=Idontguessso.(以上列举的动词都有此用法),3.Willwebelate?,Imafraidso/not.,3.状语从句中的省略,1)状语从句出现在句末时，一般都可以作句尾省略。,Comingswimming?Youdonthaveto(comeswimming)ifyoudontwantto(comeswimming).,2)有时条件从句可以完全省去，只剩下主句。,Iwouldhavecomeyesterday(ifIhadwantedto).,Youmightdomeafavorifyouwould.,(),3)以as,than引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省去。,Illhelpyouif(itis)necessary/possible.,Afterhalfahour,shebecamequieter(thanshehadbeen).,Hegotupearlyasusual(hedid).,Hestudiesashardasyoustudy.,(),4)状语从句位于句首时，如果从句的主语与主句的主语指同一个人或同一件事，并且从句主语后紧挨有be动词时，这时可省略从语中的主句及be动词。,When(youare)crossingtheroad,youdbetterlookatbothsides.,（Becausewewere）Movedbythestory,wedecidedtohelpher.,WhenhewasAttheageof12,hewastakentoEnglandbyFather.,UnlessIaminvitedIwillnotgo.,(),(),4.定语从句中的省略,1)定语从句的关系代词that/which/who在从句中作主语且后面有be动词，我们可以省略关系代词及be动词.,Thegirl(whois)standingunderthetreeisMary.,Thebridge(whichwas)builtin1927brokedown.,ThegirlwhoisinfrontoftheclassroomisMary.,(),2)在限制性宾语从句起宾语作用的关系代词that,which,whom可以省略;在thesame.as和such.as引导的定语从句中,可以省略与主句相同的部分;theway后面的定语从句中,可以省略that或inwhich.,Heisoneoftheman(whom)Icantrust.,Wewilldothesameworkasthey(do).,Idontliketheway(that/inwhich)youspeaktoyourmother.,1.Isthisthereason_atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?(NMET2002上海春)A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained2.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_hesaidit.(NMET2004湖北卷)A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich3.Whenfirst_tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.(NMET2004全国卷II)A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced,A,A,B,4.Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen_atthemeetingbymyboss.(NMET2004全国卷IV)A.questioningB.havingquestionedC.questionedD.tobequestioned5.When_,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.(NMET2002上海春)A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted6.Unless_tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.(NMET2003上海春)A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited,C,A,A,5.惯用的省略结构以及在一些固定短语