新课标高考英语专项语法复习 省略句课件.ppt

高考英语省略句课件,在英语中，为了使句子简洁明快，突出重点，常用省略句，只要不影响句意的表达，能省略的成分尽可能省略。省略现象随处可见,大致可分为以下几种情况。,一、句子成分的省略,1.省略主语。如:Haventseenyouforages!好久不见了!2.省略谓语。如：(Isthere)Anythingyouwant?你要什么东西吗?(Does)Anybodyneedhelp?有人要帮忙吗?3.省略宾语。如：Idontknow(whereheis).我不知道。4.省略主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分），只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其它成分。如：(Im)AfraidIcantcome.恐怕我不能来了。(Haveyou)Gotanyink?你有墨水吗?,【高考链接】ItsalongtimesinceIsawmysister._herthisweekend?A.WhynotvisitB.WhynottovisitC.WhynotvisitingD.Whydontvisit解析：答案为A。本题考察省略结构，这里whynotvisit=Whydidntyouvisit，这种既注重基础又兼顾生活交际的试题，其实多数学生感觉很容易能得出正确的A答案。,二、复合句的省略,1.在含有状语从句的复合句中由when，while，as,once，whenever引导的时间状语从句；或由if，unless引导的条件状语从句；由though，although，evenif，eventhough引导的让步状语从句；由asthough，asif，as引导的方式状语从句；由because引导的原因状语从句；由wherever引导的地点状语从句，若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。When(shewas)asked,shedidntansweraword.Watercanbechangedintovaporif(itis)heated.When(youare)working,youmustpayattention.Wemaytryagainwhen(itis)necessary.,【高考链接】Weallknowthat,_,thesituationwillgetworse.A.notifdealtcarefullywithB.ifnotcarefullydealtwithC.ifdealtnotcarefullywithD.notifcarefullydealtwith解析：答案为B。本题考查状语从句的省略问题，即根据本句完整句子应该补充为：if（itis）notcarefullydealtwith，当然，现在的语言中，已经把这种省略形式固定化了即：ifnot.,2.在限定性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which,whom可以省略；在以thesame.as和such.as引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分；theway后面的定语从句中，可以省略that，inwhich。Allyoueverwanttodoisgoingshopping.Isthisthereasonheexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbutthewayhesaidit.,【高考链接】Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?Yes，theresonepoint_wemustinsistonAwhyBwhereChowD/答案为D。有一点（point）我们必须要坚持的。先行词point在定语从句中作宾语。关系代词that省略，故答案为D。,3.宾语从句的省略。如：Tomhasgonehome,butIdontknowwhy(hehasgonehome).Iheard(that)hehadgoneabroad.【高考链接】Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,and_allthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where解析：答案为B。that引导并列的宾语从句，Having前省去that,并列的两个以that引导的宾语从句即使省略第一个that,第二个that一般不能省。,在并列句中,如果后面的分句,与前面的分句有相同的部分,这一部分则常被省略掉,以免重复。如:HeteachesEnglishandhisbrothermaths.Wehavebeenwaitingforhertocomebacktoseeus,but(wehavebeenwaiting)invain.【高考链接】Hehasmadealotoffilms,but_goodones.A.anyB.someC.fewD.many解析：答案为C。他制作了很多电影，但是好的很少。But引导的并列句子进行了省略butfewgoodones=buthemadefewgoodones.,三、并列句的省略,So+助动词/情态动词+主语句型。这一结构用来表示相同概念，即前面所说的情况也同样适用于另一人或物，意思是“同样”、“也那样”，常理解为倒装结构。如：Theboydiedandaweeklater.Sodidhissister.ImanEnglishteacher,soismywife.【高考链接】Myroomgetsverycoldatnight_.A.SoismineB.SomineisC.SodoesmineD.Sominedoes解析：答案为C。在两个答句中,当两者(人或物)情况或意思完全相同,第二个分句用so引出时,出现省略现象，还可引起倒装结构,表示也。本句子的意思：“我的房子晚上很冷”。“我的也是”。Sodoesmine相当于Myroomgetsverycoldatnight,too.,四、肯定结构,注意：有时可用so代替名词性从句,以避免重复前面所说的内容,可以用于这类结构的动词有think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,guess,hope等.肯定回答结构为“主语+动词+so”,否定回答结构为“主语+助动词否定形式+动词+so”或“主语+动词+not”。但动词为hope,guess时,否定回答只能说hope(guess)not,不能说donthope(guess)so。Itissunnytoday.Soitis.(=Itsreallysunnytoday.)【高考链接】Willyoubeabletofinishyourrespecttoday?_.A.IlikeitB.IhopesoC.IlldosoD.Idloveit解析：答案为B。考查情景对话。句意为“希望如此”。,五、在否定结构中,由nor，neither等引导的连续否定的句子也是一种省略句，这种句子在意思上与前面的句子是相同的，而且主谓用倒装。例如：Iwouldnevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible!NeitherwouldI.我也不去了。【高考链接】IfJoeswifewontgototheparty,_.A.hewilleitherB.neitherwillheC.heneitherwillD.eitherhewill解析：答案为B。如果Joe的妻子不去舞会的话，Joe也不会去。neither引导的连续否定的句子也是一种省略句而且主谓用倒装，这里nitherhewill相当于hewillnotgotoparty,neither。,六、不定式的省略,1.在see,watch,hear,feel,observe,notice,lookat,listento等感观动词及使役动词let,make,have后的宾语+动词不定式作宾语补足语的结构中，不定式符号to须省略，但这类结构变成被动语态时，其后的不定式要还原加上to。如：Ihaventtoldyouthatmyfamilymadealotofmoneyinthenineteenthcenturybymakingchildrenwork16hoursadayintheirfactories.Thechildrenweremadetoworkmorethan16hoursaday.【高考链接】Excusemesir,whereisRoom301?Justaminute.IllhaveBob_youtoyourroom.A.showB.showsC.toshowD.showing解析：答案为A。havesb.dosth.结构中，不定式结构todo省略to.故本句的结构应是：IllhaveBobshowyoutoyourroom.,2.系动词（be）+形容词，即beafraid/ready/glad/happy/willing等后面接不定式时有时为了避免重复，常省略与上文表达相同意思的不定式符号to之后的内容，只保留不定式符号，例如：Couldyougoshoppingwithme?Imgladto(goshoppingwithyou).【高考链接】Illbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?Notatall._.A.IvenotimeB.IdrathernotC.IdlikeitD.Illbehappyto解析：正确答案是D.to后省略了lookafteryourcat。,3.mean,try,want,wouldlike,wouldlove,afford等后面接不定式时：Didyougetaticket?No,Imeantto(getone),buttherewerentanyleft【高考链接】Whyhaventyouboughtanybutter?I_tobutIforgotaboutit.A.likedB.wishedC.meantD.expected解析：这道题的难度较大，因为like,wish,expect和mean都可以后接动词不定式作宾语。但是从提供的情景分析，是打算买而没有买，应填meant。meantodosth.的意思是“打算做某事”；meandoingsth.的意思是“意味着”。这句话的意思是“我本打算去买，但我忘了。”，故答案为C。,4.tell,warn,order,advise,ask等动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时：Thestudentswanttoenterthelab,butthemonitoradvisesthemnotto(enterthelab).【高考链接】Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto解析：正确答案是A.to后省略了ridehisbicycleinthestreet.,演练,1.Whenfirst_B_tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced2.Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen_C_atthemeetingbymyboss.A.questioningB.havingquestionedC.questionedD.tobequestioned3.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_A_hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich4.Susan,willyoupleasegoandemptythatdrawer?_A_?A.WhatforB.WhatisitC.HowisitD.Howcome5.Imlookingforwardasmuchtoherreturnassheherselfto_B_me.A.haveseenB.seeingC.meetD.bemet,6.Whocanyouturntointimeofdanger,ifnot_D_?A.ourselvesB.oursC.weD.us7.Didyouvisitthemuseumlastweek?No,we_A_,butwespenttoomuchtimeshopping.A.couldhaveB.couldC.musthaveD.must8.Isyourmothergoingtothesupermarket？No，_D_.A.shedoesntB.shescookingC.shegetsbybusD.toatailorsshop9.Shemaynotbefreetoday._B_，wellhavetoputthemeetingoff.A.IfmayB.IfnotC.IfshemaynotD.Ifshemaynotbefreetoday10.Shehurriedlylefttheroomasif_D_.A.sheangryB.wasangryC.itwasangryD.angry,11._C_，Iwillhelpyouwithyourwork.A.IfIampossibleB.IfitpossibleC.IfpossibleD.Possible12.Doyoufollowme？Yes，_C_.A.itisgoodB.IwillC.perfectlyD.ver