系统解剖学颅骨Skull.ppt

Skull颅,Theskulliscomposedof23bonesCerebralcranium脑颅Facialcranium面颅,Skull颅,Cerebralcranium脑颅(8)larger,upperandposteriorpart,containsandprotectsthebrainSinglebones:frontalbone额骨ethmoidbone筛骨sphenoidbone蝶骨occipitalbone枕骨Pairedbones:temporalbone颞骨parietalbone顶骨,frontalbone额骨,parietalbone顶骨,temporalbone颞骨,occipitalbone枕骨,sphenoidbone蝶骨,ethmoidbone筛骨,ethmoidbone筛骨,筛骨迷路ethmoidallabyrinth,筛骨垂直板perpendicularplateofethmoid,鸡冠cristagalli,筛板cribriformplate,sphenoidbone蝶骨,翼突pterygoidprocess,greaterwingofsphenoidbone蝶骨大翼,lesserwingofsphenoidbone蝶骨小翼,蝶骨体Corpussphenoidale,temporalbone颞骨,颞骨鳞部squamouspartoftemporalbone,颞骨岩部petrouspartoftempordlbone,鼓部Tympanicpart,Lateralview,Medialview,Skull颅,Facialcranium面颅(15)smaller,lower,andanteriorpart,containsbonesthatsurroundedtheeye,noseandmouthSinglebones:mandible下颌骨vomer犁骨hyoidbone舌骨,Skull颅,Facialcranium面颅Pairedbones:maxilla上颌骨nasalbone鼻骨lacrimalbone泪骨palatinebone腭骨zygomaticbone颧骨inferiornasalconcha下鼻甲,Bonesoffacialcranium面颅骨,面颅上颌为中心，上鼻泪，下下颌，外颧内甲后犁腭，舌骨颈前单落脚。,Frontalbone,Zygomaticbone,Nasalbone,Maxilla,Mandible,Sphenoidbone,parietalbone,Temporalbone,Occipitalbone,Mandible下颌骨,Bodyofmandible下颌体Alveolararch牙槽弓Baseofmandible下颌底Mentalprotuberance颏隆凸Mentalforamen颏孔Mentalspine颏棘Digastricfossa二腹肌窝,Mandible下颌骨,Ramusofmandible下颌支Coronoidprocess冠突Condylarprocess髁突headofmandible下颌头neckofmandible下颌颈Mandibularnotch下颌切迹Mandibularforamen下颌孔Mandibularlingula下颌小舌Angleofmandible下颌角Masseterictuberosity咬肌粗隆pterygoidtuberosity翼肌粗隆,Theskullasawhole颅的整体观,Superiorsurfaceofskull,Bones:frontalbone额骨pairedparietalbone顶骨occipitalbone枕骨Sutures缝:Coronalsuture冠状缝Sagittalsuture矢状缝Lambdoidsuture人字缝parietaltuber顶结节parietalforamen顶孔,Posteriorsurfaceofskull,Externaloccipitalprotuberance枕外隆凸Superiornuchalline上项线Inferiornuchalline下项线,Internalsurfaceofcalvaria,Sulcusforsuperiorsagittalsinus上矢状窦沟Granularfoveola颗粒小凹Sulcusformiddlemeningealartery脑膜中动脉沟,Internalsurfaceofbaseofskull,BaseofskullformsthreefossaeAnteriorcranialfossa颅前窝Middlecranialfossa颅中窝Posteriorcranialfossa颅后窝,Internalsurfaceofbaseofskull,Anteriorcranialfossa颅前窝,Formedbyorbitalpartoffrontalbone,cribriformplateofethmoid,andlesserwingsofsphenoidfrontalcrest额嵴foramencecum盲孔cristagalli鸡冠cribriformplate筛板cribriformforamina筛孔(有嗅丝通过）,Middlecranialfossa颅中窝,Formedbythebodyandgreaterwingsofsphenoid,petrouspartoftemporalBodyofsphenoidbone蝶骨体Hypophysialfossa垂体窝Opticcanal视神经管Anteriorclinoidprocess前床突Tuberculumsellae鞍结节Dorsumsellae鞍背Posteriorclinoidprocess后床突Sellaturcica蝶鞍Carotidsulcus颈动脉沟,Meddlecranialfossa颅中窝,Superiororbitalfissure眶上裂Foramenrotundum圆孔Foramenovale卵圆孔Foramenspinosum棘孔Sulcusformiddlemeningealartery脑膜中动脉沟Foramenlacerum破裂孔Internalopeningofcarotidcanal颈动脉管内口Trigeminalimpression三叉神经压迹Arcuateeminence弓状隆起Tegmentympani鼓室盖,Posteriorcranialfossa颅后窝,Formedbyoccipitalandthepetrouspartoftemporalboneforamenmagnum枕骨大孔clivus斜坡internalopeningofhypoglossalcanal舌下神经管内口internaloccipitalprotuberance枕内隆凸internaloccipitalcrest枕内嵴sulcusfortransversesinus横窦沟sulcusforsigmoidsinus乙状窦沟jugularforamen颈静脉孔internalacousticpore内耳门internalacousticmeatus内耳道,Internalsurfaceofbaseofskull,Externalsurfaceofbaseofskull,alveolararch牙槽弓bonypalate骨腭medianpalatinesuture腭中缝incisiveforamina切牙孔incisivecanal切牙管greaterpalatineforamen腭大孔posteriornasalapertures鼻后孔lateralpterygoidplate翼突外侧板medialpterygoidplate翼突内侧板Pterygoidfossa翼突窝mandibularfossa下颌窝articulartubercle关节结节styloidprocess茎突stylomastoidforamen茎乳孔occipitalcondyle枕髁jugularforamen颈静脉孔externalopeningofcarotidcanal颈动脉管外口externalopeningofhypoglossalcanal舌下神经管外口,Lateralsurfaceofskull,Externalacousticpore外耳门Mastoidprocess乳突Zygomaticarch颧弓Temporalfossa颞窝Superiortemporalline上颞线Pterion翼点apointnearthesphenoidfontaneloftheskull,atthejunctionofthegreaterwingofthesphenoid,temporal,frontal,andparietalbones.Itissituatedalittleabovethelevelofthezygomaticprocess.Itisknownastheweakestpartoftheskull,andalsointersectsthecourseoftheanteriordivisionofthemiddlemeningealartery,Lateralsurfaceofskull,Infratemporalfossa颞下窝Pterygomaxillaryfissure翼上颌裂Pterygopalatinefossa翼腭窝Sphenopalatineforamen蝶腭孔,Anteriorsurfaceofskull,Frontalregion:Frontalsquama额鳞Frontaltuber额结节Superciliaryarch眉弓Glabella眉间,Orbit眶,pyramid-shapedpairedcavitiesBase:supraorbitalnotch/foramen眶上切迹/眶上孔infraorbitalforamen眶下孔Apex:opticcanal视神经管WallsSuperior:fossaforlacrimalgland泪腺窝Superiororbitalfissuer眶上裂Medial:fossaforlacrimalsac泪囊窝Inferior:Inferiororbitalfissure眶下裂infraorbitalgroove眶下沟infraorbitalcanal眶下管,left,眶上孔或眶上切迹supraorbitalnotch/foramen,眶下孔infraorbitalforamen,视神经管opticcanal,泪腺窝fossaforlacrimalgland,泪囊窝fossaforlacrimalsac,眶下裂inferiororbitalfissure,眶上裂Superiororbitalfissure,眶下沟infraorbitalgroove,Bonynasalcavity骨性鼻腔,RoofcribriformplateofethmoidboneFloorbonypalateMedialwallbonyseptumofnoseLateralwallNasalconchae鼻甲Anteriorpiriformaperture梨状孔Posteriorposteriornasalaperture鼻后孔,LateralwallSuperior,middleandinferiornasalconchae上、中、下鼻甲Superior,middleandinferiornasalmeatus上、中、下鼻道(underlyingeachconcha)Sphenoethmoidalrecess蝶筛隐窝Sphenopalatineforamen蝶腭孔,Paranasalsinuses鼻旁窦,Aircontainedspaceinbonesaroundthenasalcavity.Frontalsinus额窦Maxillarysinus上颌窦Sphenoidalsinus蝶窦Ethmoidalsinus/cellules筛窦/筛小房,Paranasalsinuses鼻旁窦,Frontalsinus额窦Liesinfrontalbone,deeptosuperciliaryarchDraintoanteriorpartofmiddlenasalmeatus,Paranasalsinuses鼻旁窦,Maxillarysinus上颌窦Largestpairedsinus,lieinthebodyofmaxilla;Openingintomiddlenasalmeatus,Paranasalsinuses鼻旁窦,Ethmoidalsinus/cellules筛窦/筛小房Lieinethmoidalbone,containslargenumberofaircells,dividedintoanterior,middleandposteriorgroupsAnteriorandmiddlegroupsdrainintomiddlenasalmeatus,whileposteriorgroupdrainsintosuperiornasalmeatus,Paranasalsinuses鼻旁窦,Sphenoidalsinus蝶窦LiesinbodyofsphenoidboneDrainintosphenoethmoidalrecess,Generalcharactersofskullatbirth新生儿颅的特征,Skulltoskeletonratio:Theskullatbirth