v-ing与v-ed比较.doc

【学习目标】复习巩固V-ed和V-ing作定语和状语的用法。V-ing形式和V-ed形式常被称作分词。我们可以将它们用作定语修饰名词，或用作状语表示时间、原因、条件、伴随或方式、结果和让步等。一、作定语 V-ing形式与被修饰词之间存在着逻辑上的 关系，表示正在进行或经常性的动作或某事是什么样的。 falling leaves an exciting development V-ing形式的完成式 即having done不能用作定语。Those students who have finished their homework may leave now.（who have finished已经完成的动作，不能用having finished来代替） V-ing形式作定语可表示被修饰词的用途或性质等。 a swimming pool a walking stick V-ed形式与被修饰词之间存在着逻辑上的 关系，表示已经完成的行为或我们对某事的感觉。 The police found the stolen car. those excited children fallen leaves (不及物动词的v-ed作定语表示被修饰名词的已经完成的主动动作) 单个的分词形式通常置于被修饰的名词 ，但分词短语通常置于被修饰的名词 。 the man standing by the window a book written by Shakespeare二、作状语 V-ing形式和V-ed形式可起副词作用，在句子中作状语，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、伴随或方式、结果和让步等。The scientist entered the lab, followed by his assistants. 状语(If) Given more time, we could have done the work better. 状语I got up late today, thus causing the delay. 状语Having been told many times, he still doesnt know how to do it. 状语V-ing形式和V-ed形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。若是主谓关系用 ，动宾关系用 。否则不能使用V-ing形式和V-ed形式作状语，但可以使用独立主格结构作状语，或使用状语从句。Our work having been finished (= After our work had been finished), we went home.Her wallet (steal), she had no money to buy even a bus ticket. V-ing和V-ed各种形式作状语时的含义形 式含 义doing与句子的主语存在逻辑上的主谓关系，与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。being done通常不用作状语；而用作后置定语，与被修饰名词存在逻辑上的动宾关系且强调动作正在进行。having done与句子的主语存在逻辑上的主谓关系，先于主句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生。having been done与句子的主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系，先于主句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生。done与句子的主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系，与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；或先于主句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生。 分词的否定式，not总是置于V-ing或V-ed 。 (know) what to do, he turned to the teacher.有些分词短语可以作独立成分用来解释整个句子，不受主语限制。常见的有generally speaking; judging from/by; speaking of; talking of; given(考虑到)Given her interest in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her.【Self-test】I. Multiple choice:1. _ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. A. WaitingB. To waitC. Having waitedD. To have waited2. Who should be responsible for the accident? The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order _.A. as toldB. as are told C. as telling D. as they told3. Can those _ at the back of the classroom hear me? No problem. A. seatB. sitC. seatedD. sat4. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home.A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived5. Lucys new job paid twice as much as she had made _ in the restaurant.A. working B. work C. to work D. worked 6. _ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.A. Not realizedB. Not to realizeC. Not realizingD. Not to have realized7. It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this year. A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found8. ，the ship will sail for New York tomorrow. A. Wind and weather permitted B. Wind and weather permittingC. Wind and weather permit D. Wind and weathers permitting9. Having been attacked by terrorists, . A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists.II. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs.1. The building (build) at present is our library.2. (develop) over many years, the railway system is now very important in this area.3. (judge) from his look, he is a kind man.4. (lose) in the fog, we were forced to spend two hours in the woods.III. Rewrite the sentences in another way by using verb-ing or verb-ed forms:1. If you think it over, you will have a good idea._ _ _, you will have a good idea.2. As I dont know much English, Im afraid I cant express clearly._ _ much English, Im afraid I cant express clearly.3. Whose is the package Im weighing?Whose is the package _ _?4. The weather was too hot, so we had to stay indoors.The weather _ _ _, we had to stay indoors.5. Mrs. Bens, who had been doing the experiment for years, announced the recent results of it._ _ _ the experiment for years, Mrs. Bens announced the recent results of it.Keys: Grou