14年川大考博英语真题答案.doc

2014年川大考博英语真题的答案I阅读理解1-5 DBDCB 6-10 ABADA 11-15 BABBA 16-20 ADCBD 21-25 BBCBC 26-30 CCBABII词汇31-35 CDBAA 36-40 DBBBC 41-45 DBCBA 46-50 DCBACIII完型填空51-55 CDBAA 56-60 ACBDB 61-65 ADACD 66-70 BBADAIV.Translation (30%)Part A (20%)当然，分散化趋势的影响远远超出了城市范围。无序扩张的发展格局破坏着全美各城市周围许多郊区的稳定。年代较久的郊区经受着和市区同样的挑战：学校教育质量每况愈下、犯罪屡禁不止、就业和商业机会流失到其他更远的郊区。即便是发展迅速的郊区也出现了爆炸式增长的弊端，尤其体现在学校过度拥挤、上下班交通耗时长，以及当地政府无力出资建造新的道路、下水道和其他基础设施。尽管经济呈分散化发展，但中低收入家庭仍然选择居住在市中心。虽然市中心的贫困率已降低，但市区贫困率却仍是郊区的两倍；2011年市区贫困率是18.8%，而郊区却只有9.0%。许多收入高于贫困线却又低于平均线的家庭都选择在市区和年代较久的郊区安家落户，其数量之多超乎寻常（全国平均线是年均3.7万美元，一个三口之家的贫困标准是一年2.7万美元）。贫困集中化的后果十分严重。这些居住区的居民经常面临着三重打击：学校质量差、工作信息网络薄弱、就业机会少得可怜。和其他居民区相比，这里的家庭更可能由女性当家，居民接受的正规教育也更少。Part B (10%)71. As the saying goes, toothache is not a sickness, but it makes you suffer. A couple of days ago, my teeth suddenly began to ache. I found some pain killers, hoping to get a fast relief. After several days of vain attempt, I ended up seeing a dentist. 72. Free trade means competition, and competition can be risky, particularly when it affects a countrys prosperity. Countries often want to protect themselves against the effects of free trade. 73. However, Social Security replaces about 40 percent of an average wage earners income after retiring, and most financial advisors say retirees will need about 70 percent or more of pre-retirement earnings to live comfortably. 74. Most negative/unpleasant experiences with some one were unintentional and easily repaired by keeping an open mind and maintaining open, honest communication. Basic knowledge of etiquette is a valuable advantage, because in a lot of situations, a second chance may not be practical. 75. While sharing is indeed a virtue, oversharing on social media platforms can not only sour friendships but also hurt career prospects. People need to maintain a good balance between their private life and their professional life, between sharing and showing off, and between goodwill and annoyances.V. Writing (20%) Staying in the job or job hopping? Staying at the same job for a long time instead of switching jobs can be beneficial in some ways and detrimental in others. A potential benefit of staying longer at the same company is that staying with the same employer for many years builds a reputation of dependability. A worker who constantly switches jobs may have difficulty getting jobs in the future, because employers have to invest resources to train a worker, and that investment is lost if the worker leaves the company. Another benefit of staying at the same job for a long time is that it allows for the creation of strong and long-lasting work relationships. If a worker switches jobs every couple of years, it may be difficult for him to form strong relationships that endure after he stops working. Also, staying at the same job for a long time can allow workers to gain access to special job benefits that are reserved for long-time workers. For example, some employers offer pensions that require a certain amount of service. Similarly, some jobs are governed by seniority systems, where working longer grants access to better pay and benefits. Back in the day, it was considered a sign of loyalty to stick with one employer for decades and then retire (maybe with a fat pension or a gold watch in return). With todays job environment, thats no longer a viable option for many of us. Staying for ten years or more on a job can be a positive thing, if youve gained seniority and leadership opportunities and have more say in the company. But staying at the same company without advancing could cost you. So early on in a career, switching jobs is common because it can take time to find a job that fits your interests and skills. Switching jobs a few times early on in a career can help workers find a career that they like enough to stick with for 10 or 20 years without getting burned out. Another benefit of switching jobs is that it can open doors to learn and advance in a career. Working up to higher pay and benefits within a company can take many years, while switching jobs can allow workers to get significant increases in pay, benefits and responsibilities quickly. Changing jobs also lets workers escape dead-end jobs and continue to learn and grow. But remember: Stay too short a time at several jobs and youll be d