呼吸系统解剖学医学.ppt

TheRespiratorySystemI,LIJING，PhDDepartmentofAnatomyjing.liion.acSep.15.2009,Constituents:RespiratorytractLungs,GeneralDescription,Function:Gasexchange,PleuraandpluralcavityMediastinum,UpperrespiratorytractNasalpassagePharynxLarynx,Respiratorytract,LowerrespiratorytractTracheaBronchi,1.Externalnose,Nasalpassage,2.Nasalcavitynasalvestibule(鼻前庭）propernasalcavity(固有鼻腔）nasalseptum（鼻中隔）lateralwallofnasalcavity,3.ParanasalSinusesfrontalsinus（额窦）ethmoidalsinus（筛窦）sphenoidalsinus（蝶窦）maxillarysinus（上颌窦）,Back,1.Externalnose,鼻骨,额骨,上颌骨,鼻侧软骨,中隔软骨,鼻翼软骨,2.Nasalcavity,鼻后孔,鼻前庭,鼻中隔,Nasallimen鼻阈,鼻咽,Lateralwall,Septum,固有鼻腔,固有鼻腔,Thenasalseptum（鼻中隔）ThelongitudinalplateofethmoidboneThecartilageofnasalseptumThevomer,筛骨垂直板,鼻中隔软骨,犁骨,2.Nasalcavity,Littleregion,2.Nasalcavity,LateralwallNasalconchae(鼻甲)Nasalmeatus(鼻道)Sphenoethmoidalrecess(蝶筛隐窝),蝶筛隐窝,上鼻甲,中鼻甲,下鼻甲,下鼻道,中鼻道,上鼻道,2.Nasalcavity,Lateralwall1.Semilunarhiatus半月裂孔2.Ethmoidalinfundibulum筛漏斗3.Ethmoidalbulla筛泡4.Nasolacrimalcanal鼻泪管,3.ParanasalSinuses,frontalsinus（额窦）ethmoidalsinus（筛窦）sphenoidalsinus（蝶窦）maxillarysinus（上颌窦）,额窦,额窦,额窦,筛窦,蝶窦,上颌窦,上颌窦,筛窦,Theopeningsoftheparanasalsinuses,frontal,frontal,ethmodial,sphenoidal,maxillary,3.ParanasalSinuses,Thebiologicalrolesoftheparanasalsinuses,Decreasingtherelativeweightofthefrontoftheskull,Increasingresonanceofthevoice,Providingabufferagainstblowstotheface,Insulatingsensitivestructureslikedentalrootsandeyesfromrapidtemperaturefluctuationsinthenasalcavity.,Humidifyingandheatingofinhaledair,Olfactoryandrespiratoryregion,Nasalmucousmembrane:olfactoryregionrespiratoryregion,Position:attheanteriorpartoftheneckfrom36cervicalvertebrae.,Functions:respirationandphonation,Larynx,Larynx,laryngealCartilages:thyroidcartilage(甲状软骨)cricoidcartilage（环状软骨）epiglotticcartilage（会厌软骨）arytenoidcartilage(paired)（杓状软骨）,Anteriorviewposteriorview,Thyroidcartilage,inf.cornu下角,lamina,anteriorangle前角,Laryngealprominence喉结,Laminaeofthyroidcartilage甲状软骨板,sup.cornu上角,sup.thyroidnotch上切迹,LaryngealCartilages,舌骨大角,环状软骨,Anteriorviewposteriorview,Arytenoidcartilagesandcricoidcartilage,Cricoidarch,Cricoidlamina,Muscularprocess,Vocalprocess,Vocalprocess,杓状软骨,环状软骨,LaryngealCartilages,Epiglotticcartilage,Anteriorviewposteriorview,会厌软骨,LaryngealCartilages,甲状会厌韧带,RolesoflaryngealCartilages,PreventsentryoffoodandliquidsintorespiratorytractDuringswallowing:thelarynxiselevatedtheepiglottisfoldsbackoverglottis,Theframeworkofthelarynx,5.环杓关节,1.甲状舌骨膜,2,弹性圆锥,3.方形膜,4.环甲关节,声韧带,前庭韧带,LaryngealArticulation,1.thyrohyoidmembrane甲状舌骨膜:,2.conuselasticus弹性圆锥:上缘游离形成声韧带,3.quadrangularmembrane方形膜:下缘游离成前庭韧带,4.cricothyroidjoint环甲关节:甲状软骨在冠状轴作前倾复位,5.cricoarytenoidjoints环杓关节:杓状软骨沿垂直轴向内,外侧旋转,2,环甲正中韧带,1.Posteriorcricoarytenoid环杓后肌声门裂开大，声带紧张2.Transversearytenoid杓横肌3.Obliquearytenoid杓斜肌4.Lateralcricoarytenoid环杓侧肌缩小/关闭喉口5.Cricothyroid环甲肌(外群喉肌)1.Posteriorcricoarytenoid环杓后肌拉长、紧张声带6.Thyroarytenoid甲杓肌松弛、缩短声带,Laryngealmuscles,1,2,3,4,6,5,Laryngealcavity,Adituslaryngis(喉口)2foldsvestibularfold(前庭襞)vocalfold(声襞)2fissuresvestibularfissure(前庭裂)fissureofglottis(声门裂)3partslaryngealvestibuleintermediatecavityoflarynxinfraglotticcavity,会厌,杓会厌襞,杓间切迹,前庭襞,声襞,喉前庭,声门