高考英语单项选择解题技巧 高考课件.ppt

排除思维定势,分析“复杂句式”,2006高考英语单选题解题方法指导,不少单项填空题干是由学生并不那么熟悉的句式构成的，这无形中增加了试题的难度。要答好这类试题，就必须设法将复杂的、不常见的句式还原成简单的、常见的句式，以便快速地把握句子结构，理解题目意思。还原的方法归纳起来主要有以下几种：1.将疑问句还原成陈述句；2.将感叹句还原成陈述句；3.将倒装语序还原成正常语序；4.将省略句还原成完整的句子；5.将强调句式还原成一般句式；6.将被动语态还原成主动语态；7.将复合句还原成简单句。,1.Isthisfactory_youvisitedtheotherday?A.theoneB.thatC.whereD.when2.Whodidtheteacher_thearticle?A.havewrittenB.havewriteC.hadwrittenD.haswriting3.Is_youwanttosay?A.thatallB.allthatC.allwhatD.what4.Wasit_sheheardwithherears_reallymadeherfrightened?A.what;thatB.because;thatC.that;whichD.what;/5.HowpleasedtheEmperorwas_whatthecheatssaid!A.hearingB.heardC.hearD.tohear,ABAAD,6._whatthesixblindmensaidsounded!A.HowfoolishlyB.HowfoolishC.WhatfoolishlyD.Whatfoolish7.Toallofyou_honourforthesuccess.A.belongstoB.belongtoC.belongsD.belong8.Hereisanotebook,inwhich_thenamesofthevisitors.A.writeB.writtenC.werewrittenD.waswritten9.Never_shepraised_whatshedid.A.did;forB.did;ofC.was;forD.was;of10.Johnplaysfootball_,ifnotbetterthan,David.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas,BCCCB,11.Couldyougiveusthereasonwhyyoudidntdoas_?A.weretoldB.tobetoldC.toldtoD.told12.Itwas_theoldclockthattheoldmanspentthewholemorningathome.A.repairedB.repairingC.torepairD.inrepair13.ItwasduringtheLiberationWar_hedied.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.when14.Wasit_yesterdayevening_youmethim?A.on;thatB.on;whenC.until;thatD.notuntil;that15.Thestudentsare_tohandintheexercisesbeforeclass.A.wishedB.hopedC.agreedD.promised,CBADA,16.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.tohaveinventedC.inventingD.havinginvented17.Hislosteyesightwas_byhiseversharpeningsenseofhearing.A.madeupforB.madeupofC.madeuseofD.madeof18.Theblackboardwaswiped_.A.cleanB.cleanedC.cleanlyD.tobecleaned19.Thecar_shewastravelingwaslate.A.whichB.bywhichC.onwhichD.inwhich20.Isthisthewatchyouwishto_?A.repairitB.haverepaireditC.haveitrepairedD.haverepaired,BAADD,1.A。乍看题干，很可能会有学生将thisfactory当作先行词而误选B或C，但若将题干还原成陈述句，便会清楚地发现句中缺少表语，四个选项中唯有A项可以当表语。2.选B。因助动词did后须接动词原形，首先可将C、D排除；再将题干还原成陈述句，这时可发现句中有“have+复合宾语”这一结构，而theteacher与write之间系主谓关系，故A也应排除。3.选A。将题干还原成陈述句后可知，that充当主语，先行词all以及后面的定语从句作表语。4.选A。只要将题干还原成陈述句，便可发现这是一个强调结构，即答案应在A、B之间，根据句子结构和意义较易排除B。5.选D。答题时，肯定会有学生因动词was而选A或B，但若将题干还原成：TheEmperorwaspleased_whatthecheatshadsaid.这一陈述句，便会发现句中有bepleasedtodo这样一个句型，动词不定式在此充当原因状语。,6.选B。将题干还原成陈述句后即可清楚地发现空格处充当的是表语。7.选C。答题时，有的学生会误将allofyou当作主语而选B或D，但若将题干由倒装语序还原成正常语序：Thehonourforthesuccess_toallofyou.就会发现主语实为抽象名词thehonour,故谓语应用单数。8.选C。从句系倒装语序，主语实际上是thenames。9.选C。正常语序是Shewasneverpraisedforwhatshedid。10.选B。题干中的插入语部分明显有省略现象，这无形中增加了学生答题的困难，困难之一是搞不清David是主语还是呼语。但若将省略的部分补回，使题干成为这样一个完整的句子：Johnplaysfootball_DaviddoesifJohndoesnotplaybetterthatDaviddoes.便不难看出David系主语，即答案在B、D之间，而D项通常用于否定句，应予排除。,11.选C。as从句系一省略结构，补全后为:asyouweretoldtodo,题干中省略了从句的主语和系动词（不可只省一者），还省略了不定式（省略不定式时，符号to应予保留）。12.选B。只要将该强调句式还原成一般句式，即可看出句中有spendsometimedoingsth.这样一个句型。13.选A。判断是强调结构，还是含有定语从句的复合句的方法是，将表语代入从句，若句子完整即为强调结构，反之为含有定语从句的复合句。本句是强调结构。14.选D。还原后的陈述句为：Notuntilyesterdayeveningdidyoumeethim.(=Youdidntmeethimuntilyesterdayevening.)15.选A。看到该题，有的学生会认为四个选项似乎都可选用，因为这四个动词均能接动词不定式，但只要我们将原句改为主动语态便会发现空格后接的是sbtodo这样一个复合结构，四个动词中唯有wished能接这样的结构。,16.选B。还原成主动句后可知，句中有consider(认为)sbtodo这个句型。而选项A根据动作的先后关系不难排除。17.选A。将原句还原成主动句后可以更准确地把握主、宾语之间的逻辑关系。本题只有选makeupfor(弥补)，句子才合乎逻辑。18.选A。还原成主动句可以更清楚地看出空格处是补语，应选用形容词clean来充当。19.选D。答题时，学生一般都能很快排除A，因为travel与thecar之间并不存在动宾关系；亦能排除C，因为in、on两个介词中，car通常只与前者搭配；而在剩下的两个选项中，却极容易误选B，为什么B是错误的呢？为便于理解，我们不妨将题干先转换为这样两个简单句：Shewastraveling_thecar.（car前的冠词不可丢，因为题干中的关系代词whichd意义上等同于先行词thecar。）Thecarwaslate.由于bycar系习语，car前不能加入冠词，故空格处只能填in.20.选D。先将复合句还原成两个简单句：Isthisthewatch?Youwishtohaveitrepaired.不难发现it指代的是thewatch，而在定语从句中，it的句法作用已被关系代词（尽管已经省略）所替代，故应将it舍去，以免重复。,通过以上典型试题的分析与讲练，请同学们再分析剩下的练习。,Practice,21.Wouldyoupleasepointoutthemistakesinmycomposition,if_?A.anyB.noneC.someD.anything22.Is_hesaiditworthbelieving?A.allwhatB.whatC.itD.that23.Whomwouldyouratherhave_withyouthistime?A.togoB.goC.goneD.going24.-_youdid?-No,asamatteroffact,Ididntneedto.A.ThatiswhatB.WhatisthatC.IsthatwhatD.Iswhatthat25._everythinghehadtakenawayfromhim?A.WasB.ShouldC.DidD.Had,26.Haseverything_canbedone_?A.what;doneB.that;beendoneC.that;alreadydoneD.what;alreadybeendone27.Isthistheschool_youvisitedsomeforeignersafewmonthsago?A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.where28.Wherewas_thetrafficaccidenthappenedlastnight?A.itthatB.itC.theplacethatD.theplace29.Whoseeyes_itthathesawinthedarkness?A.wasB.wereC.isD.are30.Itwas_theneighbourssawcatchthethief.A.himthatB.hethatC.saidthatD.where,31.Alongthepathsstoodsomesigns,_waswritten“KeepOffTheGrass!”A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.that32.Ratherthan_onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_abicycle.A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding33.Theywanttoseehowcivilized(驯化)theanimalcan_.A.experienceB.changeC.developD.become34._itsnow,thecropswouldgrowbetter.A.WereB.WeretoC.ShouldD.Would35.TheboyIconsidered_cheatedintheexam.A.beinghonestB.tobehonestC.washonestD.thatishonest36.Did_ontimemakeherteacherangry?A.nottocomeB.hernottocomeC.hernotcomingD.nothercoming,21-36：ADBCABDAAAACDCBC,【强调】1.英语中表示强调的有强调句型Itis,that;Itwasthat.强调句型只有两个时态，即Itis和Itwas,后跟被强调部分，然后用that.被强调的是句子的主语，宾语和状语。状语可以是副词，介词短语或从句。如果被强调的是人，可以用who.例句：AItwasinthemorningthatheoftenwenttoseehisfriend.B.ItisIwhoamyourclosecomrade-in-arms.C.Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo?2.强调用法，只用于肯定句中，用do,does或did加动词原形。ADobehereontime.(千万要准时来呀。)BThefamilydidsendhimtoschool.C.Hedoesknowallaboutit.3.在否定句中，如果表示强调，多在句尾加atall.例如：AIknownothingaboutitatall.B.Hedidntdohishomeworkatall.4.当遇到notuntil这一句型变