初中英语语法总结及练习ppt课件

1.元音字母a及其字母组合在重读音节中的读音。,（二）词汇（10）词汇表（一）中的单词、词组要求做到听、说、读，并了解其词义、词类。（11）词汇表（二）中的单词、词组要求做到听、读、写四会，并掌握其词义、词类及基本用法。（12）熟练运用所学的拼读规则拼写单词。（13）根据所学的构词法基本知识判断派生词和合成词的词义和词类重点理解下列构词法：workworkerdrivedrivercarecarefuluseusefulsunsunnycloudcloudyAmericaAmericanChinaChinesequickquicklyhappyhappilyinterestinteresting能够根据上下文判断合成词的词义和词类。classroomclassroom（14）根据上下文正确判断常见兼类词（如：right、play、back）和多义词（如：call、poor、party）的基本词义及其在不同语境中的用法。（15）掌握常见的同义词和反义词，（如：quick和fast，young和old）以及常见近义词、词组的用法和区别。,I.写出下列表示“者”的名词：例：actactor1.examine2.art3.build4.chemistry5.conduct6.dance7.design8.beg9.dive10.invent11.translate12.physics13.lead14.liberate15.employ16.piano17.prison18.sail19.serve20.discover21.technique22.win23.visit24.operate,I.1.examiner（examinee）2.artist3.builder4.chemist5.conductor6.dance7.designer8.beggar9.diver10.inventor11.translator12.physicist13.leader14.liberator15.employer,employee16.pianist17.prisoner18.sailor19.servant20.discoverer21.technician22.winner23.Visitor24.operator25.librarian,写出下列表示“国家的人”的名词：例：ChinaChinese1.Japan2.Russia3.America4.Canada5.Germany6.Egypt7.France8.England9.Italy10.Africa11.Greece12.Europe13.Sweden14.Australia15.Switzerland,将下列表示器具的名词译成汉语：1.cooker2.speakerputer4.harvester5.typewriter6.recorder7.rubber8.washer9.tractor10.calculator11.translator12.opener13.fighter14.bomber15.ruler16.sensor17.memory18.saucer19.receiver20.motor,1.锅炉2.扬声器3.计算机4.收割机5.打字机6.录音机7.橡皮8.洗衣机9.拖拉机10.计算器11.翻译机12.开具13.战斗机14.轰炸机15.尺16.传感器17.贮存器18.线碟19.接收机20.发动机IV.,将下列各句括号内的词转换成适当的词性填入空格：1.Iquiteapprectiatehis_todoexperiments.（able）2.Heisgoodatgrammar,butpoorin_.（pronounce）3.Hanstriedhard,butwasntabletogiveaclear_.（explain）4.Theriverisdangerousto_in.（bath）5.“Hereweare!”heshoutedina_voice.（cheer）6.Facingthesouth,theroomwas_warm.（comfort）7.Though_,theladydoesntfeelveryhappy.（wealth）8.Suchcoldweatheris_forOctober.（usual）9.Afteragreatdealof_,wedecidedtobuythesecondhandcar.（think）10.Youngmothersshouldbetaughthowtoraisetheirbabiesina_way.(science）,1.nunciation3.explanation4.bathe5.cheerfulfortably7.wealthy8.unusual9.thought10.scientific,11.Everyonewantstosucceed,butnoteveryoneknowsthatthereisalongroadto_.（succeed）12.Toher_,businesshasbeengoodinthefirsttwomonths.（satisfy）13.Ihopeyouwillbe_toyourteachers.（respect）14.Weheardtheairhostesss_assoonaswegotontheplane.（announce）15.Fatherwasfast_,soweallwalkedquietly.（sleep）16.Ioweyouan_formyrudenesslastnight.apologize）17.Notallthescientistsunderstoodthe_oftheTheoryofRelativityatfirst.（singificant）19.DrAlbertcametogiveusalectureatour_.（invite）20.Thebrainneedsa_supplyofblood.（continue）,11.success12.satisfaction13.respectful14.announcement15.asleep16.apology17.significance19.invitation20.continuous,21.Therepeated_didntdiscouragethem.（fail）22.Onhis_atthetown,hesenthiswifeatelegram.（arrive）23.Owenisgoingtosellthatpileof_booksandmagazines.（use）24.Thetruckmoved_slowlywithouttouchingthepostsoneitherside.（back）25.Plantingtreesandflowerswillhelp_thecity.（beauty）26.Shechoseajobasatypist,butIdontthinkitisawise_.（choose）27.IwonderwhyDianahasalwaysbeen_indoingeverything.（luck）28.Canyou_thereporttoaboutfivehundredwords?（short）29.Onceonehasformedthehabitofworking,hewillfindallworkis_.（please）30.Itis_thatthemancanstayunderwaterforsuchalongtime.（believe）,21.failures22.arrival23.useless24.backward(s)25.beautify26.choice27.lucky28.shorten29.pleasant30.unbelievable,IV.在下列单词前加前缀使得到一个意义相反的词：1.kind2.orderly3.sense4.perfect5.regular6.legal7.expensive8.polite9.agree10.value11.wrap12.honest13.convenient14.dress15.patient16.dependent17.formal18.advantage19.fortunate20.active,1.rmal18.disadvantage19.unfortunate20.inactive,1.alittle/afew/little/few用作形容词：(1)few和little作形容词时，few要与后面的复数可数名词连用，little则修饰后面的不可数名词。如：fewfriends,littlewater.(2)afew和alittle表示肯定的意思，是“几个，一点。”few和little表示否定的意思，“很少，几乎没有。”例如：Thereisonlya_waterinthebottle.Ihave_goodfriendsthere.(我没有几个好朋友在那)alittle和little也可以用作副词，alittle表示“有点”，little表示“很少”。如：shesleptverylittlelastnight.昨天晚上她没睡多少觉。CanyouspeakJapanese？Yes,but_.,1“CanyouspeakJapanese?”“Only_.”A.littleB.alittleC.fewD.afew2.Ihave_applesthanyou,but_arebetterthanyours.A.few;myB.few;mineC.fewer;myD.fewer;mine3.Doyouhave_children,Mr.Green?A.muchB.anyC.someD.few4.CanItalktoyouforaminute,Brian?Sure,Ihave_time.A.afewB.littleC.fewD.alittle,2.borrow,lend,keep.borrow是从别人那里“借来”东西，对主物来说是借进来，常与介词“from”连用，表示从某处借某物。如：MayIborrowyourruler,please？YesterdayI_somemagazinesfromthereadingroom.lend是将东西“借给”别人，对主语来说是“借出”，常与介词“to”连用，表示借给某人，也可以有两个宾语。如：Couldyoulendmeyourdictionary,please？Sorry.Ihave_ittoLiLei.(IhavelentLiLeimydictionary.)keep意为“保存，保持”若要表达将某物借一段时间，既不能用borrow,也不可用lend,这两个词都属非延续性动词，后面不能跟段时间，这时则需要用keep来表示。如：HowlongmayI_thebook？Youmaykeepitfortwoweeks.,Iwantto_thisbookforamonth.A.borrowB.keepC.lendD.get“HowlongcanI_thebooks?”“Twoweeks.”A.borrowB.lendC.getD.keepHe_astory-bookfromLiPingyesterday.A.keptB.borrowedC.lentD.carried.ImustreturnthecameratoLiLei.I_itfortwoweeks.A.keepB.borrowedC.havekeptD.havelent,carry,take,bringtake是指将某物或某人从这里“带到”或“拿到”某处。如：Couldyouhelpme_ittomyoffice？Hisparents_himtotheGreatwalllastSunday.bring与take相反，是将某物或某人从别处“带来”或“拿来”。如：Youdbetterfinishtheworktoday,and_ittomorrow.Couldyoubringmeyourphotowhenyoucomeheretomorrow？carry是指随身携带(背着、扛着、提着、抱着)，不表明来去的方向。如：Thewoman_herbabyonherbag.Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.,4.find,lookfor与findoutfind的意思是“发现，找到”，说明找的结果。lookfor是“寻找”，强调找的动作，findout是经过调查，一番周折“发现，查明(真相)”。如：IlookedformykeyeverywherewherebutIcouldntfindit.JoanbecameangrywhenMaryfoundouthersecrets.,look,see,read,watch从意义上来区分，look(at)是“看”指动作，see是“看见”强调结果。watch是“注视，观看”，习惯与TV，match连用，read是“阅读，看”常与文字材料搭配，如：book,newspaper等。例：Please_attheblackboadcarefullywhenyouareinclass.Itwasverydarkintheroom.Wecould_nothing.Whenhermothergothome,shewas_TV.Imgoingto_thefootballgametomorrow.Myfatheroften_newspapersaftersupper.look有时也作名词。如：havealook.Shetookanotherlookatherselfinthemirror.,6.speak,say,talk,tellspeak,say和talk都含有“说、讲、说话”的意思。但在用法是有区别的。(1)speak常常用来指人们对语言的掌握和使用，不强调说话的内容。例：Shecanspeakseverallanguages.Tom,Iwanttospeaktoyou.(2)say一般用作及物动词，着重指说话的内容，而且后面常常带有直接或间接引语。如：Didhesayanything？HesaidhewouldflytoParisnextmonth.“IlikeEnglishverymuch.”shesaid.,(3)talk一般为不及物动词，着重指连续地说话或与人交谈。如：Whatistheteacherdoing？Sheistalkingwiththestudentsparents.“Illtalktoyourfatheraboutyourhealth.”thedoctorsaid.talk有时也可用作名词。表示“讲话，演讲，报告”。如：Tomorrowourheadmasterwillgiveusatalk.(4)tell的意思是“告诉，讲述，吩咐”经常作及物动词，后面常跟双宾语直接宾语和间接宾语。如：Imsorry.Iforgottotellyouaboutit.MygrandmaoftentoldmestorieswhenIwaslittlegirl.(“讲故事”要用tell),cost,pay,spend(1)cost作动词用时，意思是“值钱；价值为，花费”只能以sth(物)作主语。不能以人作主语，也不能用于被动语态。如：Ilikethisdress,butitcoststoomuch.Thispencilboxcostmetenyuan.不能说Icosttenyuanforthispencilbox.也不能说Iwascosttenyuanforthispencilbox.但却可以说Ipaidtenyuanforthispencilbox.或者还可以说Ispenttenyuanonthispencilbox.(2)pay作动词时，意思是“付款”或“支付”可以有被动语态。如Imafraid(that)ifyouveelostit,youmustpayforit.Ihaventpaidtheselleryet.Thedoctorwaspaid500dollarsfortheoperation.,(3)spend只能作动词用，意思是花费(钱、时间)。渡(时光、假期)Shespentalotofmoneyonclothes.(=shespentalotofmoneyinbuyingclothes.)Iwentbacktomyhometowntospendmyholidayslastsummer.Halfhismoneywasspentformedicine.注意：Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.(某人做某事花费时间)该句型只能表达“花费时间”而不能用于“花费金钱”。如：Ittakeshimtwohourstodohishomeworkeveryday.(Hespendstwohours,不能说Ittookhimfiveyuantobuytheseapples.而应该说Hespentfiveyuanontheseapples.或者说Hepaidfiveyuanfortheseapples.还可说Theseapplescost(him)fiveyuan.,8.wish和hope的区别(1)wish可做名词和动词。当名词时，意思是“祝愿、愿望、希望”。如：Mywishistobeascientist.Pleasegivemybestwishestoyourparents.(2)wish做动词时，是“希望、想要”的意思。例：Iwishtobethebest.(3)wish与hope在用法上的区别：,例：Iwishyoutohelphim.我希望你能帮助他。Iwishtohelphim.我希望能帮助他。,例：Ihopetohelphim.我希望能帮助他。Ihope(that)youcanhelphim.我希望你能帮助他。,9.other、another、theother,others和theothersother意思是“其他的、别的、另外的”，可以做形容词用，在句子中作定语。在一般情况下，other常常修饰复数可数名词，如果修饰单数名词，就要用another或theother.只有在其他词辅助下，other才能修饰单数可数名词，如：(1)Idontknowifotherstudentswillbeinterestedinthisstory.(2)Illcomesomeotherday.(我改日来)Herryistallerthananyothermemberinhisfamily.another意思是“另一个”。既可以用作形容词，在句子作定语。又可代名词，代替单数名词。例如：(1)Theboyhasfinishedhisapple.Pleasegivehimanother(one)。(2)Icanseeanothershipinthepicture.theother意思是“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“onetheother”句型。(1)Ihavetwosisters.Oneisadoctor.theotheriscollegestudent.(2)Hehadabookinonehand,andaballintheother.,others意思是“其他的人或物，”作代词用泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“someothers”句型。例如：(1)Somestudentslikepainting,otherlikemusic.(2)Thisistoolarge.Showmesomeothers,please.(3)Dontlendittoothers.theothers意思是表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。如：(1)Afewofthoseinwhitearedoctors,theothersarenurses.(2)Wegothomeby5oclock,buttheothersdidntgetbackuntil7oclock.注意：在用这些不定代词时，another和theother,others和theothers之间的关系不能混淆。another一般是指余下的人或物中的任何一个。而theother是指两个人或物中余下的那个。others指除去某些人或物后余下的另外一些人或物，而theothers指除去某些人或物后余下的所有其他一些人或物。另外，这些不定代词还与其他一些词有搭配关系，如anyother(任何其他的)，everyother(每隔)，theotherday(几天前)，theothernight(不久前的某晚)，someothers(一些另一些)，sometheothers(一些其余的)，eachother(oneanother互相)oneorother(或者这个，或者那个)，someorother(某一)等。,10.alone与lonelyalone与lonely意义相近，表示“独自一人”的状态，而lonely则表示“孤单，寂寞”的情绪。(1)alone作形容词时，只作表语。如：Hewillbealonefromnowon.(2)alone也可作副词，修饰动词。如：Shewassittinginthebedalonewhenwewenttoseeher.(3)lonely一般只作形容词用。如：Robertisaverylonelytraveller.,1.Whereismypen？Icant_it.A.findB.findoutC.lookforD.lookat2.Willyouplease_thebookhere？A.takeB.carryC.bringD.find3.It_mehalfanhourtofinishmyhomeworkyesterday.A.tookB.spentC.usedD.paid4.I_anhouronmyhomeworkyesterdayevening.A.tookB.spentC.usedD.paid,5.She_threeyuanforthepen.A.spentB.usedC.tookD.paid6.Whenyougothere,please_thebaskettoher.A.bringB.takeC.putD.carry7._awayhisdirtyshirtand_methecleanone.A.Take,bringB.Bring,takeC.Carry,takeD.Take,carry8.He_astory-bookfromLiPingyesterday.A.keptB.borrowedC.lentD.carried,9.“HowlongmayI_thebook？”“Fortwoweeks”A.keepB.lendC.borrowD.return10.Maryis_acakenow.A.doingB.makingC.doD.make11.Canyou_itinEnglish？A.sayB.speakC.tellD.talk12.Myfatheroften_newspapersaftersupper.A.watchesB.readsC.looksD.sees,13.Itswarmhere.Youdbetter_yourcoat.A.takeoutB.turnonC.takeoffD.open14.Itsverycold.Willyouplease_thewindow？A.closeB.turnonC.turnoffD.open15.He_acoatandwentoutquickly.A.putonB.woreC.putsonD.wears16.Id_togoshoppingthisafternoon.A.likedB.betterC.enjoyD.like,17.Englishis_bymanypeople.A.talkedB.toldC.spokenD.said18.Donttalkanymore._mecarefully.A.HearB.HeartoC.ListenD.Listento19.Whenshe_thegoodnews,shewasveryglad.A.heardB.listenedtoC.listenedD.heardfrom20.Pleasespeakalittlelouder.Icant_you.A.hearB.hearofC.listentoD.listen21.Canyou_Japanese？A.sayB.speakC.tellD.talk22.Whentheycamein,wewere_theaccident.A.tellingaboutB.talkingaboutC.sayingaboutD.speakingto,23.Couldyou_meyourpen,please？A.borrowB.keepC.returnD.lend24.Itsverycoldtoday.Youdbetter_yourcoat.A.putupB.putdownC.putonD.putaway25.Itwastoohotlastnight.Icouldnt_.A.gotobedB.gotosleepC.gotothebedD.asleep26.Whendidthey_Beijing？A.arriveB.arriveatC.reachtoD.arrivein27.Thevisitors_heretwohoursago.A.arrivedinB.gottoC.arrivedatD.reached28.Theteacheraskedusto_thewordinthedictionary.A.lookupB.lookatC.lookingforD.lookingup,29.“Whatareyoudoing？”Im_mylostpen.A.findingB.lookingatC.lookingforD.lookingup30.Itstoonoisy.Couldyou_theradioalittle,please？A.turntoB.turnoffC.turndownD.turnup31.Therearethirty-eightstudentsintheclass.Eighteenofthemaregirlsand_areboys.A.someothersB.theothersC.theotherD.other32.Inourclass,therearetwenty-fiveboys.MikeisEnglish.All_boysareChinese.A.otherB.theotherC.othersD.another33.Idontliketheblueshirt.Wouldyoupleasegiveme_one？A.otherB.othersC.theotherD.another,34.Therearemanykindsofhorsesonthefarm.What_thingscanyousee？A.otherB.othersC.theotherD.another35.Youmaykeepthebookforaweek,butyoumustntlenditto_.A.otherB.othersC.theotherD.theothers36.Hehastwobasketballs.Oneisnew,and_isold.A.othersB.theothersC.otherD.theother,1.home,family（1）Herisnearourschool.（2）Heisfromaworkers.2.infrontof,inthefrontof（1）Thereisabigtreethehouse.（2）Thereisateachersdesktheclassroom.3.some,any（1）Therearentbooksonthedesk.（2）Willyougivemechalk?Allright.4.and,or（1）Ihaveabrotherasister.（2）Theclockhasnofeetlegs.,5.ones,onesone（1）LucyhasabluepencilandLilyhasared.（2）Thoseshoesaresmaller.Iwantlarger.（3）mustdoduty.6.all,both（1）Herparentsareteachers.（2）Twentyboyscameateightoclock.7.another,theother（1）Hehastwosisters,Oneisateacher,isanurse.（2）Wherearestudents?（3）Pleasegivemeorange.8.theothers,others（1）LeiFengwasalwaysreadytohelp.（2）Somearecarryingwater,arewateringthetrees.（3）Fortystudentsinourclassareboys,aregirls.,9.Listento,hear（1）Wearehim.（2）Imgladtothenews.10.lookat,see（1）Ididntanyboatsontheriver.（2）Whatarethey?11.gotobed,gotosleep（1）Itstimeto.（2）Hewastired.Heassoonashesatdown.12.borrow,lend（1）Iabookfromthelibraryyesterday.（2）Youmustntittoothers.,13.lookfor,find（1）Ihimathomeatlast.（2）Imhimnow.Doyouseehim?14.take,bring（1）MayIthisbookhome?（2）Remembertotheboxheretomorrow.15.everyone,everyone（1）ofthebooksisveryuseful.（2）likessports.16.what,how（1）anicewatchitis!（2）hardsheworks!（3）shemissedherdaughter!,17.each,every（1）studentmustworkhardathislessons.（2）hashisownname.18.too,either（1）Youdontknowtheway.Idontknow,.（2）Lilyoftenhelpshim.I,willhelphim.19.either,any（1）Youmaytakeofthetwobooks.（2）Herearethreeballs.Youcantakeofthem.20.neithernor,eitheror（1）_Tuesday_WednesdayisOK.Illbefreeonthesedays.（2）_he_Iknowhisaddressbecausehemovedjustaweekago.,21.sometimes,sometime,sometime（1）Theyvisitedourschool_lastyear.（2）Ittookme_todothework.（3）_IwatchTVime,ontime（1）Iwasjust_forthelastbus.（2）Thetraincamein_.23.quite,quiet（1）Pleasekeepthechildren_.（2）Im_busynow.24.arrive,reach（1）She_herelatelastnight.（2）Thetrain_Londonat8:30p.m,lastweek.,25.on,to,in（1）Shanghaiis_theeastofChina.（2）Japanis_theeastofChina.（3）Hebeiis_thenorthofHenan.26.few,afew,quiteafew（1）Theproblemisverydifficult,_studentsunderstandit.（2）Igotaletterfrommyfriend_daysago.（3）Ihavemade_friends.27.past,passed（1）He_usjustnow.（2）Itstentennow.（3）Hiscardroveourschool.28.havegoneto,havebeento（1）Whereishe?He_Beijing.（2）I_theGreatWalltwice.,29.between,among（1）Hewassitting_TomandMike.（2）Hewassitting_theclassmates.30.in,after（1）Hewillbeback_amonth.（2）Hecameback_amonth.（3）Hewillcomeback_threeoclock.31.hearof,hearfrom（1）Ihavent_himforweeks.（2）Inever_suchathing.32.such,so（1）Hewrites_well.（2）Dontbein_ahurry.（3）Hegameme_beautifulaflower.,33.attheendof,bytheendof（1）Wehadexam_May.（2）Wehadlearned1,000words_oflastterm.34.spend,take（1）Ourteacher_alotofmoneyonbooks.（2）It_metwoyuantobuythenewbook.35.bemadeof,bemadefrom（1）Thedesk_wood.（2）Thiskindofpaper_word.36.puton,wear（1）He_acoatandwentout.（2）Sheis_aredjackettoday.,37.find,findout（1）Wheredidyou_thepen?（2）Iwantto_whodidit.38.bytheway,ontheway（1）_,whereisJim?（2）Imethim_toschool.39.in,with（1）Theletterwaswritten_English.（2）Pleasewriteyournamehere_apen.（3）Pleasespeak_aloudvoice.40.lonely,alone（1）Theoldwomanlivesa_life.（2）Hedoesntfeel_whenheisleft_.（3）Icandothework_.,41.found,founded（1）ThePRCwas_onOctober1,1949.（2）Mylostbikewas_yesterday.42.spend,pay,take,cost（1）Theredblouse_thegirlfortypounds.（2）MrsBrown_alotofmoneyonclothes.（3）Howmuchdidyou_forthecolourTVset?（4）It_hertwentyminutestoworkoutthemathsproblem.（5）She_halfanhourindoingherhomework.,1.interest;interesting;interested（1）Thebookisvery_.（2）Hebecamevery_inscience.（3）Heshowsagreat_inthissubject.（4）Whatareyour_inlife?2.once;assoonas（1）_abeginningismade,theworkishalfdone.（2）_Igetananswerfromhim,Illringyourup.3.over;across;through（1）Wewalked_theforest.（2）Icantjump_thefence（篱笆）.（3）Sheswam_theriver.4.else;other（1）Arethereany_questions?（2）Isthereanything_?（3）Thestoryismoreinterestingthanthe_one.,5.atlast;finally;intheend（1）Ihopethateverythingwillturnoutallright_.（2）Wewalkedtothebusstop,thenwetookabusandgottothestation,and_,wegotonthetrain.（3）When_theygotintothetown,theyfoundnobodyin.（4）Thestudentsmademanysuggestionsbut_theyhadtofollowtheteachers.6.alive;living;lively（1）Hisfatherisstill_.（2）Hisclassisveryinterestingand_.（3）Whosthegreatestman_?7.in（at）thefrontof;infront;infrontof（1）Thedriverissitting_thebus.（2）Thegrandmotherwalkedslowly,andthechildrenran_.（3）Therearesomeappletrees_thehouse.,8.beusedby;beusedfor;beusedas（1）Englis