21世纪大学英语应用型综合教程2U2译文ppt课件.ppt

,Unit2:TextA,LovingMemory：ElephantReunionByAndySimmonsWhentwoabusedelephantsarereunitedafter23years,theirjoyistrumpetedthroughoutthecolony.1.ToentertheElephantSanctuaryinHohenwald,youhavetopassthroughamassivegate,partofthethick,cabledfencing.ItsthekindoffencethatkeptthedinosaurslockedinsideJurassicPark.,1,爱之记忆：大象的重聚当两头受虐过的大象23年后重聚的时候，他们欢欣的吼声响彻整个保护区。1.进入霍恩沃尔德大象保护区你先要通过一扇巨大的门，那是环绕着保护区四周厚厚的带电网围栏的一部分。这是能把恐龙关在侏罗纪公园里的那种围栏。,2,Unit2:TextA,2.Inside,smallbirdsflitinthegrass,andtheresanunusualstillnessforaplacethatshometotheworldslargestlandanimals.,3,2.小鸟在保护区的草场上轻快地飞过，作为世界上最大的陆地动物家园，这里有着不同寻常的宁静。,4,Unit2:TextA,3.Thesanctuarywasstartedin1995byCarolBuckleyandScottBlaise.Thetwoformerelephanttrainershadseenenoughabuseandneglectatcircusesandzoostoinspirethemtocreateasanctuarywhereelephantscouldliveouttheirlives.ThesanctuarywouldofferwhatBuckleyconsidersthethreenecessitiesforahappyelephant:freedomfromdominance,roomtowanderandlotsofotherelephants.,5,3.保护区是由卡罗尔芭克雷和斯科特布雷斯于1995年创建的。这两位前驯象员在马戏团和动物园见过太多大象所遭受的虐待和忽视，于是决心为大象建一座可以颐养天年的憩息所。保护区将为大象提供芭克雷认为能让大象过得快乐的三个基本条件：不被主宰的自由、随心所欲漫步的空间和很多同伴。,6,Unit2:TextA,4.Atthesanctuary,the19AfricanandAsianelephantsinresidenceareallowedtoexistastheywouldinthewild.“Wecreatedasystemwheredominancedoesnotexistatall,”saysBuckley.“Wegivethemtheoptiontosayno.”,7,4.在保护区内，19头非洲象和亚洲象可以像在野外那样生活。“我们建立了一套根本不会存在支配的制度，”芭克雷说，“我们给它们说不的权利。”,8,Unit2:TextA,5.Ourphotographersawthisfirsthand.BuckleyandBlaisewouldnotbringustotheelephants,norwouldtheyscatterhayinordertodrawthemout.Insteadtheygavetheelephantstheoptiontocometous.Luckily,twoelephants,ShirleyandBunny,eventuallydidappear.Andinasweetlylovinggesture,theyevenheldtrunks.,9,5.我们的摄影师亲历了这一切。芭克雷和布雷斯不会把我们带到大象面前，也不会撒干草引它们出来。而是让大象自己决定是否要靠近我们。幸运的是，有两头大象，雪莉和伯尼，终于出现了。它们甚至以甜蜜地互相“挽着”鼻子的姿势出现。,10,Unit2:TextA,6.Yes,Buckleyconfirms,justaswevereadinNationalGeographicandseenontheDiscoveryChannel,elephantsshowgreatsympathytowardoneanother.Becausetheelephantssheworkswithhavesufferedneglectandabuse,Buckleyseesthissympathydemonstratedinsomeunforgettablescenes,includingthisremarkablestory.,11,6.芭克雷证实说，正如我们在国家地理杂志和探索频道看到的那样，大象彼此之间十分友善。因为芭克雷接触的大象都遭受过忽视和虐待，她目睹了大象之间同病相怜的情感，这些情景令她难忘，其中还包括下面这个不同寻常的故事。,12,Unit2:TextA,7.Acircusrefugee,Jennyhadoftenbeentiedupfor23hoursadayorputintosmalltraincarstravellingfromonecitytothenext.Aftersufferingaleginjury,shewasdumpedatadog-and-catshelter,whichwasill-equippedtocareforanelephant,letaloneasickone.AnanimalrightsactivistcontactedBuckley,whobroughtJennytoHohenwald.,13,7.在马戏团时，詹妮常常一天被拴上23个钟头，或者被塞进一节小车厢里从一个城市赶往另一个城市。在经受了一次腿伤后，她被丢弃在猫狗收容所，那里条件极差，根本无法照顾大象，更不用说一头受伤的大象了。一位动物保护组织成员和芭克雷取得了联系，把詹妮带到了霍恩沃尔德。,14,Unit2:TextA,8.Freedomsawonderfulthing,andJennywaseagertoexperienceit.Shewaskeptaloneinayardforonedayduetoinjury,butthatprovedstressfulforher.Soshewasletoutwiththerestoftheelephants.Andthatswhenshemetwith,afriendfromthepast.,15,8.自由是件美好的东西，詹妮渴望拥有它。她因腿伤被单独关在一个院子里一天，但事实证明那对她来说是一种压力。于是她被放到象群中，就在那时她与一位“故人”不期而遇。,16,Unit2:TextA,9.JennywasstillababywhensheandShirleyfirstmetyearsbefore,workinghardtogetheratacircus.Althoughtheydspentonlyafewweekswitheachother,ShirleyassumedtheroleofsubstitutemothertoJennybeforetheywereseparated.Butthatwas23yearsearlierwouldtheyremember?,17,9.多年前，当詹妮还是头小象时就与雪莉相识了，她们同在一个马戏团卖力地演出。尽管她们仅仅相处了几个星期，但在分开之前雪莉已承担起了詹妮代理妈妈的重任。但那是23年前的事了，她们还会记得吗?,18,Unit2:TextA,10.JennyknewrightawaywhoShirleywas.SoonHohenwaldwasrockingasthetwogreetedeachotherwithtrumpetingandcelebratorybumping.,19,Unit2:TextA,11.ShirleyandJennyinstantlyfellintotheiroldroutine,wanderingthesanctuarysidebyside.ThegoodtimeshadlastedonlyafewyearswhenJennybecameill,theresultofherpreviousleginjury.,20,10.詹妮立即认出了雪莉!不一会儿，霍恩沃尔德因它们相遇时互致问候的吼声和庆祝性的碰撞而震动起来。11.雪莉和詹妮很快恢复了她们的老习惯：肩并肩地在保护区内闲逛。然而美好的时光总是特别短暂，几年后詹妮因腿上的旧伤复发而病倒。,21,Unit2:TextA,12-1.Whenshegrewtooweaktowanderthehillsandvalleys,Jennywalkedheavilyandslowlytowardashadyvalley,foundsomesoft,flatbushes,andlaydown.Shirleystoodguardnightandday,usinghertrunktohelpherfriendtoriseandevenshiftherweight.,22,Unit2:TextA,12-2.AlsobyJennyssideweretwoothersanctuaryfriends,TarraandBunny.Atonepoint,thefourspentthreehourstrumpetingthevibrationsfeltbyeverylivingbeinginthesanctuary.Inallheryearsofworkingwithanimals,Buckleyhadneverseenanythinglikethisjoy-filledcelebrationofJennyslife.,23,12.当她虚弱得不能在山野中自由徜祥时，詹妮挣扎着来到一个荫凉的山谷，找到一处平坦而柔软的灌木丛，躺了下去。雪莉日夜伫立守候，用鼻子帮她的朋友起身，甚至帮她翻身。在詹妮的身旁还有保护区的其他两位朋友塔拉和伯尼。那时，四头大象持续三小时的鸣吼使保护区内的每个生命都为之震颤。与动物相处多年的芭克雷从未见过比詹妮这充满喜悦的生命庆典更令人动容的场面。,24,Unit2:TextA,13-1.Thenextday,October17,2006,thegreatanimalscontinuedtheirtrumpeting.Therewasnothingurgentintheirsong.Itwascalming.Still,itwastoomuchforShirley.AbouttoloseJennyforthesecondtime,shewenttoanearbyhilltogrievealone.,25,Unit2:TextA,13-2.Inherabsence,BunnyandTarracomfortedJennybystrokingher.Thatevening,attheageof36youngforanelephantJennydied.TarraandBunnystayedathersidethroughthenight.ButwhereasJennyssufferinghadended,Shirleysbegan.,26,13.第二天，也就是20年10月17日，这些庞大的动物还在继续鸣唱。歌声中没有一丝不安，只有慰藉。但对雪莉来说，这无法承受，将要再次失去詹妮的她躲到附近的小山上独自悲伤。她不在的时候，伯尼和塔拉用拍打来安慰詹妮。那晚，年仅36岁的詹妮死了，这个年龄对于大象来说还很年轻。塔拉和伯尼一整夜都守在她身旁。詹妮的苦难结束了，然而雪莉的却开始了。,27,Unit2:TextA,14-1.Elephantsweartheirheartsontheirtrunks,asitwere,soitwaseasytotellthatShirleywasnotdealingwellwithJennysdeathhereyeswerehalfshutandhertrunkdraggedontheground.Shewasnteatingortrumpeting.Shewasdepressed.,28,Unit2:TextA,14-2.Bunnyfollowedhertothehill,wherethetwostayedfordaysbeforefinallyreturningtothebarn.Withherspiritsrestored,Shirley,theoldestandlargestelephantatthesanctuary,begantoeatandplay,andevenpickedhertrunkofftheground.Shewasbackwiththeelephants,whereshebelonged.,29,14.可以说大象不会隐藏他们的心情，因此很容易看出雪莉无法承受詹妮之死所带来的打击她的眼睛半闭着，鼻子拖在地上。她不吃东西也不呜叫，无精打采。伯尼跟着她来到山里，它们俩在那里待了几天后才回到象房里。随着精神渐渐恢复，雪莉，这头保护区最年长、体型最大的大象，开始吃喝玩耍了，甚至还把鼻子从地上提了起来。她又回到了象群中，她属于那里。,30,Unit2:TextA,15.Watchanelephantwalkonitsbacklegsorperformahuladanceatacircusanditseasytoforgetthatthesearesensitive,intelligentanimalsforwhomthefamilyunitiseverything.16.Luckilyforthem,theresaplaceinTennesseethathasnt.,(840words),31,15.在马戏团观看大象用后腿站立或表演草裙舞，很容易让人忘记这是一些敏感、有灵气的生物，对它们来说家庭就是一切。16.对它们而言幸运的是，在田纳西有这样一个地方还没有忘记这点。,32,Unit2:TextB,TheNakedApe（Excerpt)ByDesmondMorris1.Apartfromdeliberatedecisionstouseanimalformsasimagesandsymbols,therearealsohiddenpressuresworkingonusallthetimethatforceustoseeotherspeciesassymbolsofourselves.,33,.,Unit2:TextB,1.Wearepassionateanimalloversandanimalhaters,andtheseinvolvementscannotbeexplainedonthebasisofeconomicandexploratoryconsiderationsalone.Clearlysomekindofunexpected,basicresponseistheresultofthespecificsignalswearereceiving.Wedeclarethatitisattractive,irresistible,orhorrible,butwhatmakesitso?,34,.,裸猿(节选)1.除了有意将动物看作是意象和象征之外，始终有一些隐蔽的压力迫使我们把其他动物看作人类自身的形象。我们喜欢某些动物，对它们充满了温情，而对另一些动物又极端厌恶。仅仅从经济价值和探索欲望来解释人的这些爱憎是不够的。显然，我们接受的物种信号产生了某种预料之外的基本反应。我们宣称动物迷人可爱、让人不可抗拒或阴森可怕。但是我们喜爱或憎恶动物的原因何在呢?,35,Unit2:TextB,2-1.Inordertofindtheanswertothisquestionwemustfirstassemblesomefacts.Toobtainsuchevidenceaninvestigationwascarriedoutinvolving80,000Britishchildrenbetweentheagesoffourandfourteen.Duringazootelevisionprogrammetheywereaskedthesimplequestion：“Whichanimaldoyoulikemost?”and“Whichanimaldoyoudislikemost?”,36,.,Unit2:TextB,2-2.Fromthemassiveresponsetothisinquiryasampleof12,000repliestoeachquestionwasselectedatrandomandanalysed.Ifwenownarrowoursightstothe“toptenanimalloves”thelistemergesasfollows:1.Chimpanzee;2.Monkey;3.Horse;4.Bushbaby;5.Panda;6.Bear;7.Elephant;8.Lion;9.Dog;10.Giraffe.,37,.,2.要回答这个问题首先必须搜集材料。为了获得证据，我们对8万名414岁的英国儿童做了调查。在一次动物园电视节目中，我们提出两个简单的问题：“你最喜欢哪种动物?”以及“你最不喜欢哪种动物?”我们从大量的调查回答中进行抽样，对每个问题都随机选出12万份答案进行分析。如果我们只看“最受宠爱的前10名动物”，其具体排名如下：1。黑猩猩；2猴子；3马；4丛猴；5。熊猫；6熊；7象；8狮子；9。狗；10长颈鹿。,38,Unit2:TextB,3-1.Itisimmediatelyclearthatthesepreferencesaretheresultoftheanimalsanthropomorphicfeaturesanditistothesethatthechildrenarerespondingwhenmakingtheirchoices.Thisisnotaconsciousprocess.,39,.,Unit2:TextB,3-2.Themostsignificantoftheseanthropomorphicfeaturesinthetoptenanimalsareasfollows:1.Theyallhavehair,ratherthanfeathersorscales.2.Theyhaveroundedoutlines.3.Theyhaveflatfaces.4.Theyhavefacialexpressions.5.Theycanhandlesmallobjects.6.Theirbodypositionsareinsomeways,oratsometimes,rathervertical.,40,.,3.显而易见，对这些动物的偏爱与这些动物类人化的特征有关，孩子们在做出选择时正是对这些特征做出了反应。这是一个不自觉的过程。前10名动物最主要的类人化特征如下：l.它们都长有毛发，而不是羽毛或鳞片；2它们有浑圆：的外形轮廓；3它们的面部扁平；4它们有面部表情；5它们可以操作某些小物件；6它们的体姿以某些方式或在某些时候是直立的。,41,Unit2:TextB,4-1.Facialexpressionsareparticularlyimportantasbasicformsofvisualcommunicationinourspecies.Theyhaveevolvedinacomplexforminonlyafewgroupsofmammalsthehigherprimates,thehorses,thedogsandthecats.Itisnoaccidentthatfiveofthetoptenfavouritesbelongtothesegroups.,42,.,Unit2:TextB,4-2.Changesinfacialexpressionindicatechangesinmoodandthisprovidesavaluablelinkbetweentheanimalandourselves,eventhoughthecorrectsignificanceoftheexpressionsisnotalwayspreciselyunderstood.,43,.,4.面部表情是人类视觉交际的基本形式，因而非常重要。只有少数几种哺乳类动物，如高级灵长目动物、马、狗和猫才拥有这种比较复杂的交际形式。人选的10种动物中前5种都是这些动物，也就并非偶然了。面部表情的变化表现了情绪的变化，这使动物和人类之间有了宝贵的联系纽带，尽管我们未必能时刻准确理解动物面部表情所传递的信息。,44,Unit2:TextB,5-1.Asregardsmanualability,thepandaandtheelephantareuniquecases.Theformerhasevolvedalongwristbonewithwhichitcangraspthethinbamboosticksonwhichitfeeds.Astructureofthiskindisfoundnowhereelseintheanimalkingdom.,45,.,Unit2:TextB,5-2.Itgivestheflat-footedpandatheabilitytoholdsmallobjectsandbringthemuptoitsmouthwhilesittinginaverticalposition.Theelephantisalsocapableofhandlingsmallobjectswithitstrunk,anotheruniquestructure,andtakingthemuptoitsmouth.,46,.,5.就操作能力而言，熊猫和大象是出类拔萃的能手。熊猫有细长的腕骨，它可以握住赖以为生的细竹枝。这样的骨骼组织在动物王国中是绝无仅有的。这使脚掌扁平的熊猫在端坐时可以把小东西拣起来送到嘴里：大象也能用象鼻这-独一无二的构造来操纵小东西，把它们送进嘴里。,47,Unit2TextB,6-1.Theverticalpositionsocharacteristicofourspeciesgivesanyotheranimalthatcanadoptthispositionanimmediateanthropomorphicadvantage.Theprimatesinthetoptenlist,thebearsandthepandaallsitupverticallyonfrequentoccasions.Sometimestheymayevenstandverticallyorgosofarastotakeafewstepsinthisposition,allofwhichhelpsthemtoscorevaluablepoints.,48,.,Unit2TextB,6-2.Thegiraffe,byvirtueoftheuniquesizeofitsbodyparts,is,inasense,permanentlyvertical.Thedog,whichachievessuchahighanthropomorphicscoreforitssocialbehaviour,hasalwaysbeensomethingofadisappointment,becauseitiscompletelyhorizontal.Refusingtoacceptdefeatonthispoint,ourclevernesswenttoworkandsoonsolvedthe,49,.,6.直立是人类的特征。凡是能直立的动物立刻就具有类人的优势。前10名中的灵长目动物、熊和熊猫都能经常保持直立的姿势，有时还可以站起来，甚至能用这种姿势走上几步。这些都能使之赢得宝贵的几分。长颈鹿由于身体的比例关系非常奇特，从某种意义上看它始终都保持着直立的姿势。狗的类人社会行为得分很高，但它身体的姿势却非常令人失望，完全是呈水平状的。我们不愿在这一点上认输，于是我们用自己的聪明才智迅速解决了这个难题训练狗坐立和乞怜。我们想要类人化的愿望非常强烈，不满足决不罢休，即使削弱动物的功用也在所不惜。,50,Unit2:TextB,problemwetaughtthedogtositupandbeg.Ouranthropomorphicdesiresaresodemandingthattheyhavetobesatisfied,evenattheexpenseoftheanimalsefficiency.7.Ifwenowsplituptheresponsestothesefavouriteanimals,separatingthemintoagegroups,someremarkablyconsistenttrendsemerge:,51,.,Unit2:TextB,7-2.Forcertainoftheanimalsthe