并列连词与并列结构.doc

并列连词与并列结构并列连词引导两个并列的句子。1)and 与or判断改错：(错) They sat down and talk about something.(错) They started to dance and sang.(错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.(对) They sat down and talked about something.(对) They started to dance and sing.(对)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.解析：第一句： and 连接两个并列的谓语，所以 talk 应改为 talked。第二句：and 连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此sang 应改为 sing。第三句：and 连接感观动词saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper应改为whispering。注意：and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。（or也有此用法）Make up your mind, and youll get the chance.= If you make up your mind, youll get the chance.One more effort, and youll succeed.= If you make one more effort, youll succeed.2)both and两者都She plays (both) the piano and the guitar.3)not onlybut (also), as well as不但而且）She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.注意：not only but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.4)neithenor 意思为既不也不谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。Neither you nor he is to blame.neithernor一起用时，作为关联性的并列连词，连接语法功能相同的平行结构：Neitheryounorhekonwsit.(连接用作主语的代词)Theoldmancanneitherreadnorwrite.(连接动词)Idrinkneithercoffeenortea.(连接宾语)Thestoryisneitherinterestingnorinstructive.(连接用作表语的形容词)Gasisasubstancewithneitheradefinitevolumenoradefiniteshape.(连接介词宾语)Ibelieveneitherwhatyousaidbeforenorwhatyouaresayingnow.(连接宾语从句)注意：(1) Neither置于句首时，neithernor所连接的分句均须主谓倒装：Idontlikethatgirl.NeitherhaveIdatedherforadance(约她跳舞)norwillIdoso.Neitherdoesheplaythecellonordoeshisbrother.(2)Neithernor连接主语时，后面的动词在数上应与靠近的主语取得一致：NeitherIkenorIamgoingtoattendthemeeting.(动词与靠近，故用am。)NeitherIkenorheisgoingtoattendthemeeting.(动词与he靠近，故用is。)(3)neithernor作“既不也不”解，故谓语动词必须用肯定式，不能用否定式Heisfrightenedbyneitherhardshipnordanger.(谓语用肯定式，不能用否定式notfrightened。)Neitheryounoryourbrothercandoit.同上，谓语动词不能用cannotdoit。)(4)neithernor也可连接两个以上的并列成分Neitheryou,norI,noranyoneelseknowstheanswer并列句(一)何谓并列结构一个英语句子有时候具有两个或两个以上相互连接而又属于同一层次即具有相同句法功能的语言结构，这种结构称为并列结构。并列结构通常用并列连词来连接两个或两个以上平行的词、词组或分词：Arewetohavethespeechcontesttodayortomorrow?(并列连词or连接两个平行的单词)YoucangotoBeijingeitherbytrainorbyplane.(并列连词eitheror连接两个平行的词组)Hurryup,orweshallbelateforthelecture.(or连接两句分句)并列成分有时候不用逗号而用连词加以连接；一般讲，逗号用来连接平行的单词居多：Fuel,rice,oil,saltthesearechiefdailynecessitiesoflife.(柴米油盐这些是主要的生活日用品。)在现代英语里，逗号常被用来连接两个短的独立分句，如Heisabsent,heisill.实际上，这两个简短的独立分句含有因果关系，这个逗号等于从属连词because，用逗号来取代使引文更为简炼。(二)并列连词和连接性副词的区别 引导并列结构的并列连词有and,or,but,so,for,nor等，并列连词包括关联连词bothand,eitheror，neithernor，notonlybutalso,aswellas,asmuchas等。并列连词也包括连接性副词，如however, hence,therefore,besides,moreover,yet,anyway,consequently,still,nevertheless,allthesame等。但并列连词和连接性副词存在着如下的区别：1.位置上的区别 连接两个独立的分句时，并列连词的位置只能放在它所引导的分句句首，前面通常有逗号：LopezleftForWoodside thedaybeforeyesterday,andhewontbebacktilltheendofthemonth.Imustworkharder,forIstillhavealongwaytogo.Payhimback,orhewillbringasuitagainstyou.(快还他钱，不然他要向你起诉。)Theyallwent,butIdidnt(go).连接性副词的位置较灵活，既可放在句首，也可位于句中或句末、但以置于句首居多：Fatherisill;therefore，hedoesntgotoworktoday.置于句首Fatherisill;he,therefore，doesntgotoworktoday.置于句首Fatherisill;hedoesntgoworktoday,therefore.置于句末2.用法的区别两