动名词的用法.doc

动名词的用法及练习你听过英文语法有动词(verb)、名词(noun)；但你听过有动名词(gerund)吗？1. The girl is singing a song.2. The girl singing now is my sister.3. Singing is one of her hobbies(爱好).一、名词性的动名词(Nominal Gerund)Nominal Gerund 可以加上定冠词(Definite article，如 the)或不定冠词(Indefinite article，如 a, an)，其他可加在动名词前的还有如：my, this, some, any, all, no 等等。举例如下：1. The mellow(愉快地) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring.(singing前加定冠词 the及形容词mellow；coming 前加 the)2. We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling(沙沙声) in the bushes.(rustling 前加不定冠词a及形容词 faint) 从上面的例子可看出如何将一个动词转成名词；但它和真正的名词还是有区别的，那就是没有单数或复数之分。不过，有一些动名词是可以变成真正名词的喔，如：saying, writing, opening, painting, cutting, heading, feeling, being,saving, surrounding, crossing, misunderstanding 等等。它们都可以有复数的喔，方法就是在它们的后面加个s，如：paintings。二、动词性的动名词(Verbal Gerund) 看看下面的句子：Carelessly writing essays annoys the teacher. 上面的句子里的writing是动名词，但前面有副词carelessly（粗心地），后面又有受词(Object) essays。因此writing就有动词的特征。注意：Verbal Gerund 这类动名词的前面可不能加上任何冠词(the, a, an .)喔。动名词的功能与用法一、在句子中用作主语(Subject)或主语的补语(Subject Complement):1.1 作主语1. Listening to music gives me pleasure. (主语Listening ）2. Running is good exercise. （主语running)3. Walking to school is a good idea. (主语walking)1.2 作主语的补语 1. My cats favorite activity is sleeping. (补语sleeping) 2. Seeing is believing. (主语seeing, 补语believing)1.3 主语置于句尾 1.3.1 用 It + be + . +v-ing 句型 1. It is fun speaking English. 2. It is of great importance fighting against pollution(污染).1.3.2 用 It is 后接 no use. no good, fun 等的句型1. It is no use learning theory without practice.2. It is no fun being lost in rain.1.3.3 用 It is 后接 useless, nice, good, interesting, worthwhile 等的句型1. It is worthwhile taking this into consideration.1.3.4 用 There + be + no + v-ing 的句型1. There is no joking about such matters.2. There is no getting along with him. (简直无法与他相处)二、动名词也可以作宾语（Object)2.1 作动词/动词短语的宾语(置于动词或动词短语的后面）1. I cannot help laughing. （我禁不住笑了起来）（宾语laughing)2. You should avoid quarrelling with your sister. (宾语quarrelling)3. You should practice speaking English more. (宾语speaking)注意：上面三个句子中的动词:help, avoid, practice 只能用动名词作宾语。这类动词还有：dislike 厌恶 admit 接受 repent 后悔 acknowledge 承认enjoy 享受 escape避免 deny 否认 postpone 延迟resent 怨恨 mind 介意 miss 错过 risk 冒风险finish 完成 avoid 避免 delay 耽误 consider 认为fancy 想象 excuse 原谅 include 包括 imagine 想象resist 抵制 suggest 建议 还有短语类：keep (on)继续 dont mind 不介意 cannot help 不禁 give up 放弃put off 延迟 leave off 停止 burst out 闯出 再请注意：有一些动词除了可接动名词外，也可接不定词(infinitive)。例子如下：1. I prefer living in an apartment. (动词prefer接动名词 living)2. I prefer to live in an apartment. (动词prefer接不定词 to live) 像上面两个句子的意思没什么不同。如 prefer 这一类的动词还有：allow deserve neglect attempt fear omit begin hatepermit bother intend cease like recommend continue lovestart stop forget regret propose try continue rememberneed 其实如hate, love, like之类动词，接动名词和接不定词的句子，意思是会有些不同的，这就留给大家去研究吧，hihi2.2 作介词(Preposition)的宾语(Object)1. Im sorry for giving you so much trouble. (介词for，宾语giving)2. The book is worth reading. (介词worth, 宾语reading)3. I reached him by calling his office. (介词by, 宾语calling)4. The police arrested(逮捕）him for speeding. (介词for, 宾语speeding)注意：在下列的句子结构中，介词 in 被省略掉：1. She is busy (in) correcting her exercises.2. He spent two hours (in) reading book.3. There is no use (in) talking with him now.4. Is it any good (in) taking cold water baths?2.3 作名词+介词的宾语请看下列的句子：1. I have the pleasure of speaking to the famous author. (pleasure of + 宾语speaking)2. He takes a great interest in studying languages. (interest in + 宾语studying)这一类名词+介词的还有：danger of fear of objection todelight to habit of opportunity for /ofexcuse for experience in love inreason for 三、句子中动名词的逻辑主语(Implied Subject)什么是动名词的逻辑主语呢？在句子中，除了原有的主语之外，属于动名词的主语，也就称为逻辑主语，一般位于动名词的前面。3.1 在动名词前加物主代词（如：my, his.)或名词所有格(如：Marys, Dogs.)1. His coming here helped us a lot. (主语/逻辑主语his, 动名词coming）2. Toms escaping from the prison made trouble for the jailer.(主语/逻辑主语Tom,动名词escaping)3.2 作宾语(Object)的动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，在动名词前加物主代词或名词所有格1. Do you mind my smoking in the romm? (逻辑主语my, 动名词smoking)2. He insisted on Marys staying there. (逻辑主语Mary, 动名词staying)注意：作为逻辑主语的名词/代词为无生命时，则用通格（of the):1. I cannot say there is no fear of the news spreading among intimate friends. （逻辑主语news)3.3 在下列情况中，不能使用所有格：3.3.1 代词为 all, both, each, few, several, some, this 等作为逻辑主语时:1. I remember all of them saying it .3.3.2 数词、名词化形容词（如 the three, the old.)作逻辑主语时：1. In spite of the three telling the same story, I could not believeit.3.3.3 结构中的逻辑主语是名子或短语，或受从句或短语修饰时：1. Is there any chance of the people in the back of the room talking a little louder?四、动名词的语态 4.1 被动式(being + v-ed)当动名词的逻辑主语所表示的是动作的对象时，动名词要用被动语态。1. He dislikes being interrupted(被打岔) in his speech.2. They couldnt stand being treated(被对待) like that.4.2 完成式 (having + v-ed)动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。1. We regret having been unable to inform you of the meeting.2. The students having done(完成) the work so well made us very happy.4.3 完成式的被动语态 (having been + v-ed)1. I heard of his having been chosen(被选为) to be the coach of the team.2. Some of our customers complained of having been treated(被对待)rudely.4.4 在动词 need, want, require, deserve 之后的动名词（作为宾语），要用主动语态来表示被动的意思。1. The flowers in the garden want watering(需要浇水）.2. Thats one of those questions that really dont need answering(不需回答).五、作定语 （Attribute）动名词放在所修饰的名词前面作为定语，表示该名词的用途或有关的动作。1. sleeping car 卧车 2. walking stick 手杖3. printing shop 印务馆 4. reading room 阅读室5. swimming pool 泳池 6. washing machine 洗衣机 7. dining room 饭厅六、在英文正式语体里，动名词可放在前置词(Preposition)后，以替代副词/状语的子句(Adverbial Clauses) 例：1. In case customers encounter difficulties, they should ring the following number:.2. In case of encountering difficulties, customers should ring the following number:.第二个句子的In case of 动名词短句(Gerund Phrase) 取代第一个句子的 Incase 副词子句。下列都是这类例子：1. In spite of doing his best, the pupil was reproached. (In spite of )2. Despite coming in time, the visitors were not admitted. (despite)3. For all his arguing, the teacher could not convince us. (for all)4. The fireman distinguished himself by doing his duty to the utmost. (by)5. In sending us the book you proved to be reliable. (In)6. Instead of blaming the boy, the teacher encouraged him. (instead of )7. The girl left without saying a word. (without)8. The boy was blamed for breaking the window. (for)9. The children got tired from learning too much. (from)10. After spending the holidays with us, our nephew went back to England. (after)11. Before going to bed, I opened the window. (before)12. On arriving at the station, John was welcomed by his friends. (on)13. Since leaving school, I have not seen my teacher. (since)练习题1) Mark often attempts to escape _D_ whenever he BReaks TRaffic regulations.A)shavingsbeen fined B) to have been fined C) to be fined D) being fined2) My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate _D_ from you sometime.A) to have heard B) to hear C) for hearing D) hearing3) The thief took away the womans wallet without_A_.A) being seen B) seeing C) him seeing D) seeing him4) People appreciate _C_with him because he has a good sense of humor. (CET-4 1998,1)A) to work B) to have worked C) working D) have working5) Ive enjoyed _B_ to talk with you.A) to be able B) being able C) to been able D) of being able6) No one can avoid _B_ by advertisements. A) to be influenced B) being influencedC) influencing D) shavings influence7) They are considering _C_ before the prices go up.A) of buying the house B) with buying the houseC) buying the house D) to buy the house8) He thought that _C_.A) the effort doing the job was not worth B) the effort was not worth in doing the jobC) it was not worth the effort doing the job D) it was not worth the effort by doing the job9) If I had remembered _A_ the door, the things would not have been stolen. A) to lock B) lockingC) to have locked D)shavings locked10) Your shirt needs _C_. Youd better have it done today. A) iron B) to iron C) ironing D) being ironed11) You cant help _C_ commercials; every few minutes the program is interrupted to give you one advertisement or another. A) to hear B) to be heard C) hearing D) with hearing12) My TRansistor radio isnt working. It _C_.A) need repairing B) needs to repairC) needs repairing D) need to be repaired13) It is no use _B_ me not to worry.A) you tell B) your tellingC) for you to have told D)shavings told14) He is very busy _B_ his papers. He is far too busy _ callers.A) to write.to receive B) writing.to receiveC) writing.receiving D) to write.for receiving15)The suspect at last admitted _A_ stolen goods but denied _ them.A) receiving.selling B) to receive.to sellC) to receiving.to selling D) to have received.to have sold16) She apologized for _A_ to come.A) her not being able B) her being not ableC) not being able D) that shes not able to17)I really appreciate _C_ to help me, but I am sure that I can manage by myself.A) you to offer B) that you offerC) your offering D) that you are offering18) Please stop _D_, boys, I have something important to _ you.A) saying .talk B) telling . sayC) talking .speak D) talking . tell19) Tony, would you go and see if Sam has any difficulty _B_ his tape recorder?A) to fix B) fixing C) for fixing D) fix20)Why isnt Nancy going to meet us?Its my fault. I forgot all about _A_ her.A) telephoning to B) to telephoneC) to telephone to D) the telephoning to21)Why were you late?I had a hard time _D_ up this morning.A) to get B) get C) got D) getting22)I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got sintos TRouble.A) once offering B) him once offeringC) him to offer D) to offer him23)John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.A) not going B) not to goC) notshavingsbeen going D) not to be going24) It is difficult to get used _B_ in a tent after shavingsa soft, comforTABLE bed to lie on.A) sleep B) to sleepingC) slept D) to sleep25) He gives people the impression _C_ many poems.A) of shavingswritten B) to have writtenC) of being written D) to write26) Do you feel like _D_ out or would you rather _ dinner at home?A) going.to have B) to go.to haveC) to go.having D) going.have27) Prior to _A_ the formal speech, first he will inTRoduce himself.A) delivering B) deliverC) being delivering D) being delivered28)I dont mind _D_ by bus, but I hate _ in queues.A) to TRavel.standing B)shavingsTRaveled.standingC) TRaveling.to stand D) TRaveling.standing29)What about _C_ double quantities of everything today? We have hardly time to go_ next week.A) buying.to shop B) buy.shoppingC) buying.shopping D) to buy.shopping30) We had some TRouble _B_ the house and nobody seemed _swheresit was.A) in finding.knowing B) finding.to knowC) to find.knowing D) to find.to know31)We cant imagine _B_ in the enTRance examination, for she has never been to school.A) she succeeding B) her succeedingC) she succeed D) her to succeed32)I dont like _A_ at me.A) them laughing B) their laughC) them laugh D) them to have laughed33)We suggested _A_ in hotels but the children were anxious _ out.A) sleeping.to camp B) sleeping.campingC) to sleep.to camp D) to sleep.camping?34)I have no OBJECTion _B_ the evening with them.A) to spend B) to spending C) of spending D) spending35) After _A_ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A) being interviewed B) interviewedC) interviewing D)shavingsinterviewed36)The match was cancelled because most of the members _A_ a match without a standard court.A) OBJECTed toshavingsB) were OBJECTed to haveC) OBJECTed to have D) were OBJECTed to having37)Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _C_ for her examination.A) to prepare B) to be preparedC) preparing D) being prepared38)It is no good _A_ remember grammatical rules. You need to practise what you have learned.A) TRying to B) to TRy toC) TRy to D) TRied to39)After _D_ him better, I regretted _ him unfairly.A) getting to know.to judgeB) getting to know.to have judgedC) getting to have know.judgingD) getting to know.having judged40)He is looking forward to _C_ his holiday in Britain.A) spend B) have spentC) spending D)shavingsbeen spending41) Before _D_ the house, you should get a surveyor_ over it.A) buying.looking B)shavingsbought.to lookC) buying.to have looked D) buying.to look42)In some counTRies people favor _C_ together even though there is much more space.A) to stay B) stay C) staying D) stayed43)Why was Fred so upset?He isnt used _C_ criticized. A) be B) to be C) to being D)shavingsbeen44) Its no use _B_ to get a bargain these days.A) to expect B) expectingC) wanting D) you expect45)Why were you so late for work today?_A_ to the office was very slow this morning because of the TRaffic.A) Driving B) I droveC) To drive D) That I drove46)It was impolite of him _A_without _good-bye.A) to leave, saying B) leaving, to sayC) to leave, to say D) leaving, saying47) He kept _C_to his parents.A) putting off to write B) to put off to writeC) putting off writing D) to put off writing48)Ill go with you after I get through with _A_the house.A) cleaning B) to cleaningC) to be cleaned D)shavingscleaned49) With apples at 25 cents a pound, we couldnt resist _C_four pounds.A) to take B) took C) taking D) have taken50)How can you keep the machine _C_when you are away?A) run B) to run C) running D) being run动名词.单项选择 (45%)1.No one enjoys (C)at.A.laughingB.to laugh C.being laughed D.to be laughed2.You must do something to prevent your house (B).A.to be broken in B.from being broken inC.to break in D.from breaking in3.They insisted on (C)another chance to try.A.given B.giving C.being given D.to be given4.Where is my passport? I remember (C)it here.You shouldnt have left it here. Remember it with you all the time.A.to put；to takeB.putting；taking C.putting；to takeD.to put；taking5.His room needs (A), so he must have it A.painting； paintedB.painted； paintingC.painting； painting D.painted； painted6.After finishing his homework he went on (D)a letter to his parents.A.write B.writing C.wrote D.to write7.The young trees we planted last week require (A)with great care.A.looking afterB.to look after C.to be looked afterD.taken good care of8.Only(D)English doesnt mean ( ) the language.A.to learn；to learn B.learning；learningC.learning about；learn D.learning about；learning9.She returned home only to find the door open and something (C).A.missedB.to be missing C.missingD.to be missed10.She decided to devote herself (C) the problem of old age.A.to study B.studying C.to studying D.study11.Remember (C)the newspaper when you have finished it.A.putting back B.put back C.to put back D.be put back12.As she is looking forward to (B)from me, please remember ()this letter on your way to school.A.hear；post B.hearing；to postC.be heard；posting D.be hearing；to posting13.Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble(C) your handwriting.A.to readB.to see C.reading C.in seeing14.Writing stories and articles (A)what I enjoy most.A.is B.are C.was D.were15.We appreciate (C)us to the ball.A.them to inviteB.to inviteC.their inviting D.being invited16.Would you mind (C)quiet for a moment? Im trying ()a form.A.keeping；filling out B.to keep；to fill outC.keeping；to fill out D.to keep；filling out17.He was afraid (B) for being late.A.of seeingB.of being seen C.to be seenD.to have seen18.Id like to suggest (B)the meeting till next week.A.to put off B.putting off C.put off D.to be put off19.I dont see how I could possibly manage(B) the work without ().A.finish；helping B.to finish；being helpedC.finishing；helping D.finishing；being helped20.Anything worth (A)is worthy of ()well.A.doing；being done B.doing；doingC.to be done；to be done D.to be done；being done21.We advised them to take a rest, but they insisted (D) the work.A.finishB.to finish C.in finishing D.on finishing22.I delayed (B)your letter because I had been away for a week.A.answer B.answering C.writing D.to post23.The thief drove as fast as he could to escape (C)by the police.A.to be caughtB.he caught