英语语法课件Grammar.ppt

Grammar,Revision,Translatethefollowingsentences.,1.你迟早会成功的。Youllsucceedintime.2.我的车与你的不一样。Mycarisdifferentfromyours.3.站在门旁边的那个人是谁？Whoisthepersonstandingbythedoor?,4.他总是第一个来，最后一个离开。Hesalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.5.既然你已经长大了，你自己决定吧。Nowthatyouhavegrownup,youcandecideityourself.,Grammar,Whatpartdoestheunderlinedpartserveasineachsentence?Atreehasfallenacrosstheroad.Youareastudent.Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.Smokingisbadforyou.,Theunderlinedpartineachsentenceservesassubject(主语).,“Howdoyoudo?”isagreeting.Whatshesaidisnotyetknown.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.Wecanseefromthesesentencesthatasentenceservesassubject,sowecallitSubjectClause（主语从句）.,主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.Thatheisthebeststudentintheclassisobvious.=Itisobviousthatheisthebeststudentintheclass.,主语从句,引导主语从句的关联词有三类：(1)从属连词that,在从句中不作句子成分。如：Thattheyweretruesisterswasclearfromthefacialresemblancebetweenthem.很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。(2)从属连词whether，在从句中不作句子成分。如：Whetherhellcomehereisntclear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever（作了句子成分）连接副词where,when,how,why。（作状语）如：Whatshedidisnotyetknown.她干了什么尚不清楚。Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。Whoevercomesiswelcome.不论谁来都欢迎。,主语从句三要素,hebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall.,Iswhatyoutoldmereallytrue?,谓语动词用单数,从句用陈述语序,不能省略关联词,但是要注意:,Whatweneedmostarebooks.Whatweneedmostistime.,How,Agreementinsubjectclauses,在主语从句中，谓语一般用单数。,无论他说什么都不重要。,Whateverhesaysisofnoimportance,无论谁说这话都不对。,Whoeversaysthatiswrong,但what引导的主语从句中谓语动词用单数还是复数，不可一概而论，而要视句子的意义而定WhatIneedismoney.WhatIneedarebooks.,what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不充当句子成分。1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.2)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.,What在主语从句中充当said的宾语,That在主语从句中不充当句子成分,Whateverandwhoever,WhateveranythingthatWhoeveranyonewho不管是谁犯了法，他都应该受到惩罚。Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished。Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Whateveryousayisright.=Anythingthatyousayisright.,在下列情况下，whether不能被if所取代：1.whether引导主语从句如：Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.2.引导表语从句用whether，如：Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.3.whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，如：Imnotinterestedinwhethertheyllgoornot.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.4.whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，如：Ididntknowwhethertolaughortocry.Shehasntdecidedwhethertogoornot.,whether与if,IfMaryreallyheardhimwasdoubtful.WhetherMaryreallyheardhimwasdoubtful.ItwasdoubtfulifMaryreallyheardhim,主语从句置于句首时,不能用if引导如果用it作形式主语,就可以用if引导,不可省略的连词：1.引导主语从句、同位语从句或表语从句的连词不可省略。2.it作形式宾语的宾语从句的引导词。3.并列宾语从句中，后面的从句引导词。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.Thereasonisthatheistoocareless.Ithinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadaloud.Hesaid（that）hisfatherhaddiedandthathehadtomakealivingbyhimself.,That的省略的问题,用it作形式主语的结构(1),(1)Itis名词从句Itisafactthat事实是Itisanhonorthat非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识,(2)Itis形容词从句Itisnaturalthat很自然Itisstrangethat奇怪的是,用it作形式主语的结构(2),(3)Itis不及物动词从句Itseemsthat似乎Ithappenedthat碰巧Itappearsthat似乎,(4)It过去分词从句Itisreportedthat据报道Ithasbeenprovedthat已证实Itissaidthat据说,Exercises:,PartOne:主语从句单选题,1.hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.,A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever,D,2.Itwashesaiddisappointedme.,what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;what,A,3.wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.,A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where,B,4.wecantgetseemsbetterthanwehave.,A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what,A,PartTwo:改错,1.Hedoesntlikethemisveryclear.,(Thathe),2.Thathashappenedprovesthatmyadviceisright.,(What),3.Becauseofmypoormemory,thatyoutoldmehas,beenforgotten.,(whatyou/allthatyou),4.Ifhehassignedhisnamedoesntmatter.,(Whether),5.Whatisthemostimportantinlifearentmoney.,(isnt),1._youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether,AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_ourastronautsdesiretodoistowalkinspacewhereB.whatC.thatD.how,C,B,3._the2012OlympicGameswillbeheldinLondonisnotknownyet.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That,4._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where,C,B,5._leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who,6._isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It,C,D,7._inthenewspaperthatthepriceoffoodwillgoup.A.ItsaysB.ItissaidC.IthassaidD.Heissaid,8.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for,B,B,9.Thereisnodoubt_.A.thatMr.HansenisingoodhealthB.whetherisMr.HansenhealthyC.ifMr.HansenshealthwasreturningD.whetherMr.Hanseninhealth,A,10.TheForeignMinistersaid,“_ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis,D,11.Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent_atleastaforeignlanguage.A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster,B,1.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how,解析:what引导主语从句,在从句中做do的宾语,高考链接,2.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat_Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.A.asB.whichC.whatD.that,解析:Ithought是插入语,可以把它去掉不考虑.what引导宾语从句作介词at的宾语,同时what在宾语从句中作主语。,3._intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyouremailaccount.A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires,解析:“Itisrequiredthat”是一个固定句式，it作形式主语,that引导的从句为真正的主语。,4._the2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That,答案是C。“2000年奥林匹克运动会是否在北京举行还不知道。”,5._hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter,答案是A。“他在会上的发言使到会的每一个人都感到惊讶”what表示“(所说的话)”,相当于Thewords(that+/which)hesaidatthemeeting,6._leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelight.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who,答案是C。“谁最后离开房间应关灯。”whoever意为“无论谁”,引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语。若选A或B,anyone或theperson后应加who,使其成为由who引导的定语从句,修饰anyone或person.Anyonewholeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelight.注：这些词还可引导状语从句。,7._hehasbecomearichmanisknowntoallinourtown.A.BecauseB.ThatC./D.What,答案是B。“他变成了富翁,这是我们镇上人人皆知的事。”根据句意,须用that引导的主语从句。that在从句中不担任任何成分,只起连接作用.本句可以改为：Itisknowntoallinourtownthathehasbecomearichman.,8._Ineedismoretime.A.ThatB.WhatC./D.Which,答案是B。“我所需要的是更多的时间。”根据题意,应选what引导的主语从句,what在从句中作宾语(what=thethingwhich).主语从句的关联词不能省略,故排除C。which表示“哪一个”,that无词义,都与句意不符,故排除。,主语从句（NounClausesastheSubject）,定义：用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：连词that,whether；连接代词who,what和which；连接副词when,where,how和why。,用法：,1)由what等代词引起的主语从句：Whattheteachersaidtodaywasquiteright.老师今天说的话是十分正确的。,2)由连词that引起的主语从句：Thattheyarebadlyinneedofhelpisquiteclear.他们急需帮助，这是十分明显的。但是这类句子在大多数情况下会放到整个句子的后部去，而用代词it作形式主语。,3)由连接代词或连接副词以及whether引起的主语从句。Whethertheywillsellthehouseisnotyetdecided.他们是否卖掉这所房子还没有决定。,4)whatever,whoever也可引导主语从句。Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.这里说的话都应当保密。Whoevermakesmistakesmustcorrectthem.凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。,注意:上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首,但有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面。例如:Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾。,这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:1)Itis+adj./n.+从句Itisapity/shamethat+句子.遗憾的是Itispossiblethat.很可能Itisunlikelythat.不可能Itisobviousthat很显然2)It+不及物动词+从句Itseems/appearsthat.似乎Ithappenedthat.碰巧,3)It+be+过去分词+从句Itissaidthat.据说Itisknowntoallthat.众所周知Itisreportedthat.据报道Itisbelievedthat.据信;人们相信Itisthoughtthat人们认为Itissuggestedthat.有人建议,Itmustbepo