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Crossinglimits,Unittwo,Periodtwo,Listening,1.Whatsortofquestionsdoyouthinkthereporterwillask?,Pre-listening,Beforeyoulistentothetape,answerthefollowingquestions.,Thereportermayaskquestionsaboutthedifferencesbetweentransportandcommunicationbetweenexplorersinthepastandatpresent.,2.Whatkindofexamplesdoyouthinktheprofessorwillgive?,Theprofessorwillprobablygivesomeexamplesofexplorerstravelingonfootorusingcamelsandhorsesonjourneysintocontinentsinthepast,whileusingjeepsoraircraftatpresent.,3.Whatmodernmeanscanexplorersmakeuseoftoday?,ExplorerstodaycanmakeuseofGPSsystems,mobilephones,theInternet,aircraftsuchashelicoptersandmodernmeansoftransportsuchastrucksandjeeps.,horsesandcamelsorevennearlyathousandpeople,cars;trucks;helicoptersorairplanes,Nosuchequipmentsuntilinthe19thcenturytheradiocameintobeing,mobilephones;computers;internet,Listentothetapeandfillinthechart.,Listentothetapeandanswerthefollowingquestions.,1.Whatweresomeoftherisksthatexploreshadtofaceinthepast?,Losingtheway,runningoutofsupplies,hurtbypoisonoussnakes,dangerousanimals,terriblediseases,oreveneatenbypeople.,2.Howdomodernexplorersdealwiththeproblemofhavingnomaps?,Thewouldusetelescopes,aeroplanesorhelicopterstosurveythearea,askingotherscientistsforhelpusingmobilephonesandtheinternet.,3.InwhichwaywillahumantriptoMarsbesimilartothetripsofexplorersinthepast?,Explorersmusttakeenoughfood,drinkandmedicineforthetrip.Thesewillbenoroadsandnomapsandtheremaybeunknowndangers.,Fillintheblankswiththewordsyouhearonthetape.,Well,justimaginehow_itmusthavebeento_thejunglewithoutthe_ofmodern_technologyandtransport.Itwasnot_thatthejourneys_2or3years.Transport_horsesorcamelsandseveralhundredorevenathousandpeopleto_theequipmentor,carryout,difficult,explore,benefits,communication,unusual,took,consisted,orfoodand_forsuchalongtrip.Therewerenoroadsandno_Discoverieswerentpublisheduntilat_yearslater.Explorersfoundonmountains_snakes,dangerousanimalsandterrible_ontheirway,andtherewere_stories,andrumorsaboutpeoplewho_people,mysteriouscitiesand_treasures.,medicine,maps.,least,poisonous,diseases,frightening,ate,hidden,R=ReporterP=ProfessorR:Discoveringnewplacesandgoingwherenoonehasgonebeforehasalwaysbeenagreatesteventinhumanhistory.ProfessorZhang,whatmakestheexploringsoexcitinginthepast?,Listeningtext,P:Classicalexamplesofexploringtheworldarethegreatestdiscoveriesmadebyexplorers.TherewerebravemansuchasChristopherColumbuswhodiscoveredAmericaorJamesCookwhosailedaroundtheworldintinyships,crossingoceansandseasforthousandsofmilesinsearchofland.Andinthe19thcentury,therewerefamousexplorerswhomappedtherivers,lakes,junglesandmountainsthatmakeupofthecontinents.,R:Whatdifficultiesdidtheyruninto?Well,justimaginehowdifficultitmusthavebeentoexplorethejunglewithoutthebenefitsofmoderncommunicationtechnologyandtransport.Itwasnotunusualthatthejourneystook2or3years.Transportconsistedhorsesorcamelsandseveralhundredorevenathousandpeopletocarryouttheequipmentorfoodandmedicineforsuchalongtrip.Therewerenoroadsandnomaps.Discoverieswerentpublisheduntilatleastyearslater.,Explorersfoundonmountainspoisonoussnakes,dangerousanimalsandterriblediseasesontheirway,andtherewerefrighteningstories,andrumorsaboutpeoplewhoatepeople,mysteriouscitiesandhiddentreasures.Comparethatwithmodernsciencewhenwecanusetelescopesandsatellitestoseewherewearegoing,usecars,trucks,airplanesorhelicopterstotravelfast.andmobilephonescomputersandtheinternettoinformtoeachotherquicklyaboutnewdiscoveriesandcallforhelp.,R:Thenwhereischallengeinmodernscience?Issciencestilladventurous?P:Itsurelyis.ExploringthemoonandotherplanetssuchasMarsandtherestoftheuniversearestillinchallenge.Moderntechniqueshelpusandtheywilldoriskstotheexplorers.Butth

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