中国冷藏车发展趋势研究外文文献翻译/中英文翻译/外文翻译

附     录   附录 A  外文文献原文   MARKET FORECASTTHE ANALYSIS OF TENDENCYOF  REFRIGERATED RAIL TRUCK Deng Xiaoju, You Wenli, Zhang Yingkui  College of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Chemical Technology In the logistic of food refrigerated supply chain, food refrigerated transport is the most important. The transport we say includes middle-distance transport, long-distance transport, short-distance.    Since 1978, with the improvement of peoples living standard, the consumption of the perishable food has increased rapidly and the refrigerated rail transport has developed too .But compared with the developed countries, we should realize that we have a long way to go.   1. The problems in the development or the refrigerated rail truck and the gap between China and other developed countries.   At present, in China the problems in the industry of the refrigerated rail truck: invest but not focus, construct repeatedly, produce but not focus and not big enough to obtain profit. Now in China there are about seventy full-time and part-time manufactories, most of which just use common ways to produce the refrigerated rail truck. Now also in China there are only seven or eight manufactories that have advanced equipment and technology. Each year they con provide l0.000 refrigerated rail trucks, but only 4 .000 trucks can be sold which results in investment can't be regained easily.  The total number of the refrigerated rail trucks in China is about 30.000,but in the United States it is about 20.000. Though China's land is 20 times as large as that or Japan, in Japan the total number is about 10.000.  Among vans, only 0.3% is refrigerated rail trucks in China. While in the United Slates is 1%. In Britain, 2.8%, and in France and Germany 2%-3% .In China, refrigerated transport rate is less than 20%, while in those developed countries such as the United States, Europe, Japan it is above 80%.   Now in China a variety of refrigerated rail truck has increased and production technology has improved greatly. But in many aspects we still need improvement. For example, there are only about 100 varieties of refrigerated rail truck, which cant meet the need of the market. But in Japan in the early 70s there were about 350 varieties.    2. The analysis of tendency of refrigerated rail truck development in China.   (1)Tendency of market demand. According to the statistics, in China the increased rate of production of the easily rotten food is above l0% per year. In the cities, there are about 50 million tons of the meat, the fowl and eggs and about 6 million tons of dairy products that are sold. With the increase of production and sale, and the improvement of refrigerated transport rate, the transport capacity of our refrigerated food will increase rapidly. From the analysis of the construction of refrigerated transport quantity, at present in China refrigerated rail transport is about 25%, refrigerated rail way transport is about 55%, and other transport is about 20%, while in the developed countries refrigerated rail transport is about 60%-80% . The Tenth Five-Year Plan of China has regarded the construction of freeways and high-class highways as the focus of' the development of the communication and this will help to increase the percentage of the refrigerated rail transport and stimulate the increase of requirement for refrigerated rail truck. According to the prediction of the parties concerned by 2005, our refrigerated rail transport quantity will have reached 18 million tons.   (2)Production structure and tendency of technology development. With the development of highway construction, heavy-duty truck will be the main tool of the long-distance refrigerated rail transport. And light-duty truck will be used to transport the perishable food.   Now China attach much importance to saving energy and environment protection , and mechanical refrigeration is the main method in refrigeration technology, but the waste pollution and noise pollution is a little serious and the energy cant be used completely. Therefore, which the development of technology, the refrigerated rail truck, which uses new energy, will appear.     In order to apply to the variety, and the requirement for reducing cost, the refrigerated rail truck will be certain to develop in the direction of small units, standardization and variety.  (3)Tendency of reform in structure of refrigerated rail truck manufactory. In the logistics of the refrigerated supply chain, refrigerated rail truck is a production, which contains high technology. With the development of the market, keen competition will appear. A few specialized manufactories will gradually occupy the most of the market, because they have so many advantages, such as large scale, high technology, good quality, good service, timely supply and advanced management. Other manufactories so have a positive effect on the development of the industry, but they must have clear market position so chat they can survive in the keen competition.  All in all, in the market of refrigerated rail truck, because of competition between manufactories, product production will be centralized in 6-8manufactories. Its inevitable that good manufactories will succeed while the bad ones will fail. So all the manufactories should analyze the market features seriously, analyze competitor advantages, disadvantages and find a market chance, so chat they can manufactories that can apply to the market quickly will develop further.know their market positions well, and with their resources compete with others. In the present market, only those manufactories that can apply to the market quickly will develop further. 附录 B  外文文献中文翻译   中国冷藏车发展趋势研究   邓晓菊，游文丽，张英奎  在食品供应物流链中，食品的保鲜运输时最重要的。我们所说的运输通常是包括了长途运输、中途运输和短途运输的。  自从 1978 以来，伴随着人民生活水平的提高，对于新鲜食品的消耗量也迅速增加，同时推动了冷藏运输的发展。但与发达国家相比，我们应该正确认识到我们在冷藏运输的发展道 路上还有很长的一段路要走。  1.中国冷藏车发展问题和与发达国家的差距  目前，中国冷藏车工业所面临的问题是：有投资，但并未得到充分关注，重复建设，营利性差。在中国现存的 70 多家机械制造厂中，大部分的厂子都还在应用普通的方式生产冷藏车，只有 7 8 家拥有先进的设备和技术。每年都有大约 10000 辆冷藏车投入市场进行销售，可是仅有 4000 辆会被购买，这就意味着投资回收难度的增大。  目前中国在用冷藏车大约有 30000 辆，而在美国，在用冷藏车已经达到 20000辆。与领国日本相比，虽然我们的国土面积将近是日本的 20 倍，但是 日本在用冷藏车数量也达到了 10000 辆。  在中国，冷藏车只占到货车总数的 0.3%。然而在美国这个比例是 1%，英国是 2.8%，法国和德国达到了 2% 3%。 我国冷藏车运输量在总运输量中所占有的比例还不到 20%，与之相对的是，在美国、欧洲、日本等发达国家中，冷藏车运输量往往达到了 80%以上。  虽然现在冷藏车的样式得到了丰富，制造技术也大大的得到了提高，但我们还是有很多方面需要改善。面对市场的需求，我们只有 100 多种冷藏车可以说是远远无法满足市场的。在日本七十年代初就已经拥有了 350 多种冷藏车。  2.中国冷藏车发展 趋势研究  （ 1）市场需求趋势。从相关的统计数据中可以看出，保质期限较短的食品的生产正以每年 10%的增长速度增长。在城市中，有大约 5 亿吨的肉类、禽类及蛋类和大约 6 百万吨的日常生活用品需要销售。可以看出，随着这些食品与生后用品的生产和销售，冷藏运输食品的能力将大大提