中美法院的区别.doc

_中美法院系统的区别美国法院组织由两大部分构成：联邦法院系统和州法院系统。联邦法院系统由美国联邦最高法院、联邦上诉法院和联邦地区法院组成。联邦一审法院由设在各州的美国地区法院构成，称地区法院。地区法院的“地区”的含义并不与行政区划的某一级相对应，在人数较多的州可以有几个美国地区法院，在这种情况下，该州可分为“北部”和“南部”、“西部”和“东部”地区（这种划分反映在法院的名称上），例如：威斯康星州东部地区法院。United States court organization consists of two major components: the Federal Court system and state court systems.The Federal Court system by the United States Supreme Court, Federal Court of appeal and the Federal District Court.The Federal first instance court is located in the States of the United States District courts, and district courts.District Court of area has the meaning does not correspond to some level of administrative division, in a greater number of States can have several United States District Court, in this case, the State can be divided into North and Southern, Western and East area (on the name of this Division is reflected in the Court), for example: Wisconsin Eastern District Court.地区上一层为“美国上诉法院”，上诉法院目前设有11个。上诉法院的管辖地区称为“巡回区”，一个巡回区可能管辖几个州的地区法院的上诉管辖。一个特定的上诉法院的正式名称就根据它们巡回区号码命名，例如“美国第二巡回区上诉法院”。 Areas with a layer of United States Court of appeals, the Court of appeal currently has 11. Areas of jurisdiction of the Court of appeal called tour, a touring zone may governing the jurisdiction of the Court of appeal in several States. A specific official name according to their Circuit Court of appeals district number naming, such as United States District Court of appeals for the second circuit. 美国联邦最高法院由合众国宪法设立，是终审的上诉审法院。此外，美国国会还设立了一些专门法院来处理特殊案件：联邦索赔法院（华盛顿）、联邦关税法院（纽约）、联邦关税和专利上诉法院、联邦军事上诉法院。United States Supreme Court established by the Constitution of the United States, is the final Court of appeal. In addition, the United States Congress also established a number of specialized courts to deal with special cases: the Court of Federal claims (Washington), the Federal Customs Court (New York), United States Court of customs and patent appeals, the Federal Court of military appeals. 关于州法院，美国所有各州均有一个各自完整的司法组织系统，大多数州的法院由三级法院构成，也有的州仅为两级。一审法院有称为地区法院、巡回法院、高级法院，有的州如纽约州就称最高法院。设三级法院的州中间层次为中级法院，就是上诉审法庭，有的称上诉法院。州的司法终审法院是州最高法院。一审法院在有的州又设立专门法院，如家庭和家庭关系法院（纽约州）。On the State Court, United States all States have a respective complete justice system, most State Court constituted by the three-level court, and some only for a two-level.Known as the District Court, Circuit Court of first instance courts, High Court, some States such as New York State Supreme Court. Set three-State level to the intermediate court in the middle of the Court, is the Court of appeal, that the Court of appeal. State is the State of the Court of Justice of the Supreme Court. In some States, the Court of first instance and set up a Special Court, such as family and domestic relations Court (New York)中华人民共和国设立最高人民法院、地方各级人民法院和军事法院等专门人民法院。除最高人民法院作为唯一的终审上诉审法院外，分为地方法院和专门法院两套系统。地方法院分为三级，分别称为基层人民法院、中级人民法院、高级人民法院。地方法院的设置以相对应的政府行政权的管理区域为基础。专门人民法院是中国法院系统中一个组成部分。“专门”这一概念专指由全国人大常委会根据需要加以解释而决定设立的特殊管辖法院。Peoples Republic of China established the Supreme Peoples Court, local peoples courts, military courts and other special peoples courts at all levels. Subject to the Court of appeal of the Supreme Peoples Court as the only outside the Court, are divided into local courts and specialized courts the two systems. Local courts are divided into three levels, respectively called grass-roots peoples courts, the intermediate peoples Court, the high peoples Court. That corresponds to the setting of the District Court to the Government Executive power management area as a base. Special peoples courts are an integral part in the Chinese court system. Specialized verb