纯英文修辞手法的运用综合介绍.doc

Figures of speechIrony, sarcasm Hyperbole, euphemism Oxymoron (Parallelism,paradox) Alliteration, rhyme, onomatopoeiav Irony(反讽/反语): a situation that is unusual or amusing because something strange happens, or the opposite of what is expected happens or is true v 2 uncountable when you use words that are the opposite of what you really mean, often in order to be amusing v Verbal, situational and dramatic ironyv Verbal irony is a trope (转义)in which the intended meaning of a statement differs from the meaning that the words appear to express.v Situational irony involves an incongruity between what is expected or intended and what actually occurs.v Dramatic irony is an effect produced by a narrative in which the audience knows more about present or future circumstances than a character in the story.v Dramatic Irony: He won the lottery, but his family knew he was very ill, and he died the next day.v Situational Irony: An ambulance driver goes to a night time bike accident scene and runs over the accident victim because the victim crawled to the center of the road with his/her bike.v “Irony” is the use of words to express sth. completely different and usually opposite to the literal meaning of the individual words.Example: Imagine a friend coming up to you on a cold and rainy day and saying: Another perfect day to go to the beach!.Sarcasm is the use of irony to hurt or offend people.Example: Imagine one of your friends has just failed an important exam and you say to him: Congratulations on your brilliant academic results!.v The difference between irony and sarcasm is very simple. Simply, sarcasm is a subdivision of irony. Sarcasm is irony used with the intent to wound the person to whom the remark is addressed. Examples:1. Irony note: Bill and Alice have just seen a really appalling play. Both Bill and Alice are disappointed.Bill: Well! What a worthwhile use of an evening!Alice : Yeah. v 2. Sarcasm note: Alice hates Bills travel books Alice: Yeah, I like, really dig your travel books, Bill. Youre a really skillful author. Bill Bryson : Oh.v In the Irony example, there was no sarcasm because Bill was not intending to wound Alice with his comment. He was using irony to remark that he felt he had wasted his evening at the theatre.In the Sarcasm example, there was sarcasm because Alice used it to show Bill that she didnt like his books and thought that he sucked as a writer. Theres irony too, but the tone of the delivery and the intention makes it sarcastic. She was being nasty.v Its meeting the man of your dreams, then meeting his beautiful wife.Sample of Sarcasmv Sarcasmv witty language used to express scorn or disapproval; a contradiction of expectation between what is said and what is meant; v verbal irony; v negativev Hyperbole is a figure of speech that uses an exaggerated or extravagant statement to create a strong emotional response. As a figure of speech it is not intended to be taken literally. Hyperbole is frequently used for humour. v They ran like greased lightning.v Hes got tons of money.v Her brain is the size of a pea.v He is older than the hills.v I will die if she asks me to dance.v She is as big as an elephant!v Im so hungry I could eat a horse.v I have told you a million times not to lie!v His teeth are so yellow, every time he smiles in traffic all the cars slow down to see whether they should stop or not.v Why does a boy whos fast as a jet take all day and sometimes two to get to school?v Ill love you, dear, Ill love you till China and Africa meet, And the river jumps over the mountain And the salmon sing in the street, Ill love you till the ocean Is folded and hung up to dry And the seven stars go squawking Like geese about the sky.v oxymoron is a rhetorical figure of speech in which contradictory terms are paired, for example, alone together, current history or boneless ribs. However, with an oxymoron the incongruous word pairing conveys a truth or a dramatic result. v Would you have the cruel kindness to give me a quicker death?v Cowardly herov Love is a sweet tormentv His air was one of friendly hostility.v Why, then, O brawling love! O loving hate! O any thing, of nothing first create! v O heavy lightness! serious vanity! Mis-shapen chaos of well-seeming forms! Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health! Still-waking sleep, that is not what it is! This love feel I, that feel no love in this. v Dost thou not laugh? v (Romeo and Juliet) v 啊，吵吵闹闹的相爱，亲亲热热的怨恨！啊，无中生有的一切！啊，沉重的轻浮，严肃的狂妄，整齐的混乱，铅铸的羽毛，光明的烟雾，寒冷的火焰，憔悴的健康，永远觉醒的睡眠，否定的存在！我感觉到的爱情正是这么一种东西，可是我并不喜爱这一种爱情。你不会笑我吗？ Euphemism is a figure of speech in which less exact but milder or less blunt (生硬的)words or phrases are used in place of disagreeable (令人不快的)or unpleasant expression. It is a substitution of an inoffensive expression for one that may be disagreeable. Dan Foreman: Guys, I feel very terrible about what Im about to say. But Im afraid youre both being let go.Lou: Let go? What does that mean?Dan Foreman: It means youre being fired, Louie.(In Good Company, 2004)v Dr. House: Who were you going to kill in Bolivia? My old housekeeper?Dr. Terzi: We dont kill anyone.Dr. House: Im sorry-who were you going to marginalize?(Whatever It Takes, House, M.D.)v At the restaurant, two friends are talking.(one is Chinese, the other is a foreigner) A: Would you like to stop for a little while? I need to go somewhere. B: Whats up? Are you okay? A: Oh, yes, just I need to go somewhere B: Sureyou can go anywhere you like. Just make sure that you will come back! A: No no no no, you are misunderstanding me. I mean I want to wash my hands. B: Oh, are your hands dirty anytime anyway? A: Wellwellyeah, a little bit, sort of v B: Could you please wait me to finish the complains? A: Oh god, its quite urgent (做出很难忍耐的表情) B：What? A：I need to powder my nose. B：Anything wrong with your nose? A: No. I need to answer the call of nature. B: Answer questions? Oh, whats the matter? A: I dont have any questions, okay? I just need to go pee B: Oh my Lady gaga I gotta know go go go, I am really sorry. v A: I am almost (做哭脸状)Alliteration is a figure of speech in which consonants especially at the beginning of words or stressed syllables are repeated. E.g. They are fighting for their hearth and home. Lets learn the lesson by heart. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden. (John F. Kennedy) We felt strong, smug, secure. He never forgives nor forgetsv A rhyme (sometimes spelt rime) is a repetition of similar sounds in two or more words and is most often used in poetry and songs. v Fight or flight? v brain-drain v Odds and endsv The first day you are a guest, the second day a burden, the third day a pest!. v Spring, the sweet spring, v is the years pleasant king; v Then blooms each thing, v then maids dance in a ring, v Hickory dickory dockv The mouse ran up the clock.v The clock struck one,v The mouse ran down,v Hickory, dickory, dockv Onomatopoeia mea