虚拟语气课件.ppt

虚拟语气,Outlook俱乐部,陈述语气陈述事实或提出看法,有肯定,否定,疑问或感叹等形式Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.Jackhadntcomebackhomeyet.祈使语气请求,邀请,命令,警告或劝告等Letsgo.Donttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.,一.语气的分类,虚拟语气,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。,虚拟语气的概念,虚拟语气的主要内容,一、非真实条件句（if等）中的虚拟语气时态一致2.混合条件句3.含蓄条件句4.倒装句5.Ifonly感叹二、名词性从句的虚拟语气：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句三、几种特殊的虚拟语气句式wish、asif/though、wouldrather、ItstimeItsnecessary/strange/matural/inportant+that从句,虚拟语气,一、在条件从句中(叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以do为例)：,虚拟语气在在条件从句中,1.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.2.IfIwereyou,IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug.3.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldnthavemadeamistake.4.Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldnthavehappened.,（与现在事实相反）,（与过去事实相反）,5.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theywouldntgoforanouting.6.Ithinkwecoulddoit,ifweplanneditproperlyandcouldborrowthetools.7.Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.,(与将来事实相反),2、错综时间的虚拟句通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的,但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式.1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.(从句指现在,主句指过去)。2.IfIhadtakenmyraincoatwithmethismorning,Iwouldnotbewetnow.(从句指过去,主句指现在)。3.Ifwehadntbeenworkinghardinthepastfewyears,thingswouldntbegoingsosmoothly.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。4.Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。5.Ifwehadnotgoteverythingreadybynow,weshouldbehavingamoreterribletimetomorrow.（从句指现在，主句指将来）,3、含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,二是暗含在上下文中,比如通过介词短语来表示。这些介词常是：butfor,without,otherwise等。如：Butforyouradvice,Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully.如果不是听了你的建议，我就不会做的如此成功。Thechangecouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheopen-doorpolicy.没有开放的政策，就不会有如此大的变化。Iwassobusythen,Otherwise,Iwouldhavetoldhimtheanswer.我当时很忙，否则，我就会把答案告诉他的。,虚拟语气,4、省略if的条件从句当从句中有were,had或should时，可省略if，而把它们放在句首。IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.WereItomeethimtomorrow,Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.ShouldhefailintheexperimentIfyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.,虚拟语气在在条件从句中,Hadyoucomeafew.,5.Ifonly要是就好了IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！,Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!,IfonlyIhadntmissedthetrain!,a.Ifthey_(be)here,they_(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_(burst)outagain,what_(happen)toourpeopleonearth?,were,wouldtake,burst,wouldhappen,PRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.,c.Ifthepoliceman_(benot)inthatroomnow,it_(be)verydangerous.d.IfI_(be)inyourpositionatthistime,I_(ask)forteachershelp.,werenot,couldbe,were,wouldask,Ifhe_morecarefully,he_thecaraccidentyesterday.,haddriven,wouldnothavehad,a.IfTom_(be)morecarefulintheexam,he_(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_(get)upearlier,you_(catch)thefirsttrain.,hadbeen,wouldhavepassed,hadgot,wouldhavecaught,PRACTICE2:Fillintheblanks,c.IfI_(meet)youyesterday,we_(go)totheconcerttogether.,hadmet,wouldhavegone,3.名词性从句的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。,宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command三个建议：advise,suggest,propose五个要求：demand,require,request,desireask,这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。,我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。,WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.,HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.,Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.,Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.,虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中,注意:insist/suggest各有两意思，要用不同的语气表“坚决要求”,虚拟,should+do;表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。表“建议”，虚拟,should+do;表“表明、暗示”，用陈述语气。Theteachersuggestedthatwe_moreafterclass.（我们课后多练习）Thelookonherfacesuggestedthatshe_happyHeinsistedthatallofus_thereontimebyanymeans.（我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿）Heinsistedthathe_thewallet(没有偷钱包).,insist,suggest,(should)practise,was,shouldbe,didntsteal,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即：(should)V.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,Itssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.,二：虚拟语气特殊句型：,wish的宾语从句,现在：过去：将来：,过去时（were）,过去完成时,would/could/might+V.should,IwishIwereabird.（现在）IwishIhadntmadesuchamistake.（过去）Wewishourparentswouldntpunishus.（将来）,asif,asthough引起的从句，其用法同wish构成的宾语从句一样,Asif/though和wish用法相同,2019/12/13,23,可编辑,Helooksasifheweredrunk.,Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.,Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Itseemsasifitwerespring.Irememberedthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.,2.wouldrather(that),现在：过去：将来：,Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.,Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.,Dontcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,3.Its(about/high)time+(that),should+V.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该去睡觉了。,Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyouweregoing.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.,Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.,(Should不可省略),4.Itsnecessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形,Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.Itsnecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.,虚拟语气,Alan_thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissedC.wouldmissD.missed2.Itwasthedrug，notthedisease，thatkilledtheboy.Hewouldbestillalivetodayifhe_thatdrug.A.nottakeB.hadnttakenC.didnttakeD.shouldnthavetaken,Exercises,虚拟语气,3.IfonlyI_tomyparents!(ButIdidnt.)A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldlistenD.wouldlisten4.TomsuggestedthatAnn_thehouse.A.sellB.soldC.shallsellD.wouldsell5.Iwishthisbus_totheuniversity.A.goB.wentC.hasgoneD.hadgone,虚拟语气,6.Simonlooksasthoughhenever_asquaremeal(吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldget7.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_there.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.been8.I_yousomemoney,butIhadntgotanythen.A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelent,虚拟语气,9.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?-No,butIwishI_.A.haveB.willC.doD.had10.Idontthinkitistherighttimethatyou_.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.mustgo11.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken,虚拟语气,12.(2003上海春季高考题)LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyI_youradvice.A.followedB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.shouldfollow13.(2002上海高考题)ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_inlove，attheageofseven，withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldnthavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall14.Sheinsistedthatshe_illofhimbehindhim，buthedidntbelieveit.A.hadntspokenB.shouldntspeakC.wouldntspeakD.notspeak,三种基本形式,IfIhadabike,Iwouldlendittoyou.(if从句用过去时,主句用should/would/could/might+不定式)Ifhehadbeenhere,hewouldhavehelpedyou.(从句过去完成时,主句should/would/could/might+不定式完成时)IfIshould/weretodotheexperiment,Iwoulddoitsomeotherway.(从句用should/wereto,主句用should/would/could/might+不定式),if的省略,1.Wereyouinmyposition,youwoulddothesame.2.Hadhecomeearlier,hewouldhaveseenher.3.Shouldtheyattackus,wewouldwipethemoutcompletely.,Ifonly,Ifonlyyouwouldlistentoreason.IfonlyIweretenyearsyounger.IFonlyhedidntdrivesofast.Ifonlyhehadaskedsomeonesadvice.IfIcouldonlygototheconcert.IfIcouldonly/but/justexplain.,Iwish,IwishIknewtheanswer.IwishIhadknowntheaddress.IwishIwereyoung.Iwishyouwouldstopaskingsillyquestions.IwishedIknewhisaddress.(发生在过去=IwassorryIdidntknowhisaddress.)IwishedIwereyoung.(=IwassorryIwasnotyoung.),Wouldrather,Iwouldratheryoutoldherthetruth.Idratheryoucametomorrow.Idrather(that)hepainteditblue.Iwould(just)assoonthatJohnhadnotspokenrudelytome.,Itis(high)timethat.,Itistimewe_(leave).Itistimewe_(go)tobed.Itshightimethatyouwereinbed.Itsabouttimeweleft.,Itsimportantthat.,Itisimportantthatwe_(speak)politely.Itisimperativethatwe_(practice)criticismandself-criticismstrange,advisable,anxious,crucial,appropriatecompulsory,desirable,eager,essential,fitting,imperative(绝对必要的),impossible,improper,natural,necessary,obligatory,preferable,proper,urgent,vital,willing,Iinsistthat,Iinsistthatwe_(go)therebybus.Hesuggestedthatwe_(leave)e