冰岛英文简介.doc

_冰岛 百科名片 冰岛国旗中文名称：冰岛共和国英文名称：The Republic of Iceland所属洲：欧洲首都：雷克雅未克主要城市：阿克雷里，哈夫纳夫约杜尔国庆日：1944年6月17日官方语言：冰岛语货币：冰岛克朗人口数量：313376人(2007年)主要民族：冰岛人主要宗教：基督教路德宗国土面积：10.3万平方公里国鸟：白隼国花：三色堇独立日：12月1日(1918年)国庆日：6月17日(1944年)冰岛共和国（英语：The Republic of Iceland）是北大西洋中的一个岛国，代码IS，简称冰岛，位于格陵兰岛和英国中间，首都雷克雅未克。地理概念上，冰岛经常被视为是北欧五国的一份子。今日的冰岛已是一个高度发展的发达国家，拥有世界排名第五的人均国内生产总值，以及世界排名第一的人类发展指数。红色三色堇：美丽的红色花卉，花语是“思虑、思念”，属性火。 黄色三色堇：有着黄色花瓣的三色堇，花语是“忧喜参半”，属性土。 紫色三色堇：有着紫色花瓣的三色堇，花语是“沉默不语”、“无条件的爱”，属性暗。 大型三色堇：束缚 三色堇常用花语：沉思，快乐，请思念我。5 国家简介冰岛共和国(The Republic of Iceland)。冰岛语意为“冰的陆地”。又称温泉岛国、冰与火之国。 冰岛是联合国、北大西洋公约组织、欧洲自由贸易联盟、欧洲经济区、北欧理事会与经济合作与发展组织的会员国，但是并未加入欧洲联盟。经过2008年末的金融危机，冰岛现已宣布破产。 国旗冰岛国旗于1944年6月17日冰岛成为共和国时采用，设计为蓝色底色配以白色及红色的十字。呈长方形，长与宽之比为25:18。旗地为蓝色，红、白两色的十字将旗面分成四块：两个相等的蓝色正方形，两个相等的蓝色长方形。蓝色代表大海，白色代表白雪。蓝、白两色为冰岛的国色，体现冰岛的自然环境特点，即在蓝色的天空和海洋中，浮出“ 冰的陆地”冰岛。冰岛自1262年起为挪威属地，14世纪同受丹麦统治,所以国旗上的十字图案源自丹麦国旗图案，表示出冰岛历史上与挪威、丹麦的关系。冰岛于1918年宣布为主权国家，但仍受丹麦国王的控制。在第二次世界大战中，冰岛脱离丹麦，同英美建立了外交关系。1944年6月17日成立冰岛共和国，1946年加入联合国，1949年成为北约成员国。 提起冰岛，人们通常会把它与严寒和冰雪联系在一起。然而，当我们身临其境时才发现，冰岛虽有冰，但到处触摸到的却是“火”。火山、热泉、间歇泉在这里比比皆是，“地球的热泪”遍地流淌、热气腾腾。因此，如果把冰岛称为“冰火之岛”更为确切。 国徽中心图案为绘有国旗图案的盾徽。盾徽上端有一只红舌金爪的白隼和一只白齿红舌金爪的龙，左侧是一头黑牛，右侧站着一位身披斗篷的白衣老人。隼、龙、牛和老人都是传说中的守护神。盾徽下端的石块代表冰岛多岩石的漫长海岸。 首都冰岛首都雷克雅未克(Reykjavik) 位于冰岛西部法赫萨湾东南角、塞尔蒂亚纳半岛北侧，全世界纬度最高的首都，是冰岛最大的港口城市，西面临海，北面和东面被高山环绕，受北大西洋暖流影响，气候温和，7月份平均温度11，1月份平均温度1，年平均温度4.3。全市有人口112200人。 人口据冰岛国家统计局最新数据，截止到2008年1月1日，冰岛人口总数为313376人，其中男性159488人，女性153888人。城市人口275333人，乡村居民38043人（居住在少于1000人的村落）。 人口密度：2.98人/k。（世界排名第188名） 据冰岛国家统计局2006年3月28日发布的资料，2005年，冰岛总死亡人数为1836人，其中男945人，女891人，死亡率约0.64%，男子寿命平均78.9岁，女子82.8岁。 行政区划全国分为23个省、21个自治市和203个教区。 地理概况面积为10.3万平方公里,为欧洲第二大岛。是欧洲最西部的国家，北边紧贴北极圈，冰岛1/8被冰川覆盖，冰川面积8000平方公里。100多座火山，以“极圈火岛”之名著称，其中一半为活火山。华纳达尔斯赫努克火山为全国最高峰，海拔2119米。冰岛是世界温泉最多的国家，所以被称为“冰火之国”。全岛约有250个碱性温泉，最大的温泉每秒可产生200升的泉水。 地热资源丰富，温泉广布。 气候南部温带海洋性气候，北部苔原气候。因受北大西洋暖流影响，较同纬度的其他地方温和。夏季日照长，冬季日照极短。秋季和冬初可见极光。 水文主要的河流有：菲约德勒姆冰河等。冰岛多喷泉、瀑布、湖泊和湍急河流，最大河流锡尤尔骚河长227公里。 主要城市冰岛主要城市有首都雷克雅未克、阿克雷里、哈夫纳夫约杜尔、凯夫拉维克及科帕沃于尔。 官方语言为冰岛语。英语为通用语言。 冰岛语（冰岛文：slenska，英文：Icelandic），冰岛的官方语言，属印欧语系、日耳曼语族北支（又称斯堪的纳维亚语支）。主要分布于冰岛本土，使用人口超过20万。 冰岛语为欧洲“最保守的”语言之一,保留着古斯堪的纳维亚语的特点。现代冰岛人仍能阅读1000年前写的古冰岛语史诗。 冰岛语是斯堪的纳维亚诸语言中的一种。斯堪的纳维亚诸语言构成日耳曼语族的一支，日耳曼语族属于印欧语系。 旅游有世界上最纯净的空气和水，以及最好的温泉。或者因为冰岛是个神秘莫测的国度：比起其他的北欧国家，冰岛看来很原始，人与自然非常地贴近.冰岛因为气候寒冷和污染少，羊毛非常有名。北欧古文字的项链也是值得带回的特色纪念品。 冰岛属寒温带海洋性气候，变化无常。因受墨西哥湾暖流影响，较同纬度的其他地方温和。夏季日照长，冬季日照极短。秋季和冬初可见极光。 每年6-9月以及1-3月间是最适合旅游的季节。1月到3月之间，可以在雷克雅未克安排溜冰、冰钓、雪地机车以及越野狩猎之旅等等刺激的活动。6月初旅游季节开始，但是某些高地的巴士之旅须到7月才开始。每年8月中旬之后冰岛旅游热度便降低。 Welcome to Iceland Guest - Your Online Travel Guide.Iceland - New Discoveries All Year RoundBrief introIceland is a refreshingly unconventional destination. The Icelandic nature is exotic and mystical with its spouting geysers, active volcanoes, tumbling waterfalls, towering mountains, vast lava plains and magical lakes. Icelands fiords, glaciers and highland plains present visitors with some of the most beautiful and enchanting places they will ever see. Iceland is a stunningly beautiful place if one enjoys strange and desolate landscapes. Icelandic travel and tourism is one of the fastest-growing sectors of the Icelandic economy. With flight time around 3 hours from major gateways in Europe and 5 hours from the east coast of North America, the country is more accessible than you might have thought.For those on a quest for action, Icelands pristine nature offers great potential for outdoor activities such as snowmobiling, horse riding, cave exploring, hiking, swimming, skiing, river rafting, kayaking and mountain safaris on modified four-wheel drives, to name but a few. Iceland supports a surprisingly diverse Nordic flora and fauna and is an ideal place for ornithology enthusiasts, while also offering some of the worlds best whale watching destinations. The country attracts visitors all year round, not only thanks to its diversity in landscape, but also its vital energy and contrast of lights, shades and seasons that offer new discoveries with every visit. Iceland is the worlds youngest country from a geological point of view and is still growing. The island is bustling with subterranean activity, and a boundless supply of geothermal heat is used for thermal spas, cheap house-heating and natural energy creation. Iceland is the worlds second biggest user of geothermal energy, producing as much as the United States of America and trailing only the Peoples Republic of China. Icelanders, while achieving a high standard of living and education, have kept true to their Viking heritage, traditions, history and folklore. The Icelandic countryside is dotted with habitats of elves and trolls and every region has a plethora of myths and legends, many of which are kept alive by monuments and plaques. Be sure to visit one of the museums dedicated to the Saga Age or some of the sites where the Sagas took place; both are available on several locations around Iceland. Because it is so close to the Arctic Circle, the amount of daylight varies dramatically by season. The sun sets briefly each night in June, but it doesnt get fully dark before it comes back up again. In the March and September equinoxes, days and nights are of about equal length, as elsewhere in the world. If you go in December the darkness lasts about 20 hours per day.The country attracts visitors all year round, not only thanks to its diversity in landscape, but also its vital energy and contrast of lights, shades and seasons that offer new discoveries with every visit. Iceland is the worlds youngest country from a geological point of view and is still growing: a volcanic eruption in 1963 formed Surtsey, a new island off the south shore of Iceland, and the latest eruption in Vatnajkull glacier was in November 2004. The island is bustling with subterranean activity, and a boundless supply of geothermal heat is used for thermal spas, cheap house-heating and natural energy creation. Iceland is the worlds second biggest user of geothermal energy, producing as much as the United States of America and trailing only the Peoples Republic of China. Pure Energy - Healthy LivingIceland is not only closer than you think, but far different than you ever imagined. Summers are surprisingly warm and winters not as cold as you might expect. Regardless of when you visit, be assured that the warmth shown by Icelanders, their desire to share their culture and the efforts made to make your stay as pleasant as possible will, like the spectacular landscape, never be forgotten. Looking for a holiday or vacation in Europe? - Visit Iceland for your holiday. Reykjavik Urban LifeVisitors to Reykjavik easily experience the pure energy at the heart of Icelands capital city whether from the boiling thermal energy underground, the natural green energy within the city and around it, or the lively culture and fun-filled nightlife.Reykjavik is a great place to visit, whether for some cultural nourishment, a spot of unbridled fun or to recharge your batteries. The city has the features of a modern, forward-looking society which is complemented by a close connection to beautiful nature right on the citys doorstep.TravelIceland is a land of spurting geysers, glaciers, waterfalls, boiling mud pools, midnight sun and northern lights. Iceland is the least densely populated country in Europe, with a pure, unpolluted and truly magical landscape. Icelands summers are surprisingly warm, lush and green, with days lengthening until midsummer and during winter, which are not as cold as you might imagine, you can marvel at the amazing, undulating green, blue, yellow and pink lights of the aurora in the night sky. Regardless of when you visit, you can be assured of the warmth of the Icelanders welcome and their desire to share their culture.世界博览会“纯净能源-健康生活”是2010年上海世博会冰岛馆的主题。该主题反映了冰岛人与孕育冰岛的大自然之间的深刻联系，同时反映了冰岛人是怎样学会在生活中充分利用天然能源的。冰岛有着世界上最活跃的火山及间歇喷泉，并以有着欧洲最大的冰川而闻名，冰川融化的水不断地汇流到河流与瀑布中。如此天然的环境赋予了冰岛丰富的天然无污染资源-水力及地热。冰岛馆的设计理念是一个“冰立方 ”。冰岛参展2010年上海世博会为冰岛的企业和机构提供了一个独特的向中国展示产品及服务的舞台。馆内的商务中心将与商务咨询机构协力，为冰岛企业及冰岛艺术家、慈善组织、文化项目等创造丰富的机会。9月11日冰岛馆庆祝国家馆日2010年9月11日冰岛馆庆祝国家馆日。馆日当天也是世博会举办以来冰岛及冰岛馆受到媒体关注的最多的一天。馆日庆祝活动以早上的升旗仪式为开始。 随后,中国农业部部长韩长斌、冰岛总统奥拉维尔拉格纳格里姆松 阁下为仪式分别作了发言。冰岛年轻有为的钢琴家Tinna Thorsteinsdttir 女士随后为活动演奏了多首经典的冰岛乐曲。下午, 专场记者招待会在冰岛馆内举行,30多名媒体记者出席了该会,有些为全国性媒体。此外, 冰岛总统奥拉维尔拉格纳格里姆松 阁下还接受了10家媒体的专访,如CNN, Bloomberg和CCTV。About Iceland馆The CountryIceland is an island of 103.000 km2 (39,756 es), about one-third larger than Scotland or Ireland.Its highest peak, Hvannadalshnjkur, rises to 2.110 m and over 11 per cent of the country is covered by glaciers, including Vatnajkull, the largest in Europe.Energy Situated on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Iceland is a hot spot of volcanic and geothermal activity: 30 post-glacial volcanoes have erupted in the past two centuries, and natural hot water supplies much of the population with cheap, pollution-free heating. Rivers, too, are harnessed to provide inexpensive hydroelectric power.People Out of a population numbering more than 300.000, half live in the capital Reykjavk and its neighboring towns in the southwest. Keflavik International Airport is located about 50 km from the capital. The highland interior is uninhabited (and uninhabitable), and most canters of population are situated on the coast.Language Iceland was settled by Nordic people in the 9th century - tradition says that the first permanent settler was Ingo fur Arnarson, a Norwegian Viking who made his home where Reykjavk now stands. The Icelanders still speak the language of the Vikings, although modern Icelandic has undergone changes of pronunciation and, of course, of vocabulary! Iceland is alone in upholding another Norse tradition, i.e. the custom of using patronymics rather than surnames; and Icelanders Christian name is followed by his or her fathers name and the suffix -son or dttir. Members of a family can therefore have many different surnames, which sometimes causes confusion to foreigners!Health Life expectancy, at 81.3 years for women and 76.4 for men, is one of the highest in the world, and a comprehensive state health-care system aims to keep it that way.Reykjavk - the friendly capitalReykjavk has been described as a young and daring city that is characterized by strong contrasts. Conveniently small, clean and safe, it is more or less free from the major problems that haunt many other capitals. Big city events are frequent, the winter lights festival finished recently with thousands of participants and more tourist at this time of the year than we are used to, half of the citys population participates directly in. Visitors to Reykjavik experience easily the pure energy at the heart of Icelands capital city - whether from the boiling thermal energy underground, the natural green energy within the city and around it, or the lively culture and fun-filled nightlife.Think of the qualities of a great city - fun, space, clean air, nature, culture - and Reykjavik has them in spades. It has the features of a modern, forward-looking society which are complemented by a close connection to beautiful nature. The population of the Reykjavik Capital Area is about 200,000. Reykjavik is spread across a peninsula with a panoramic view of the mountains and the Atlantic Ocean on almost all sides. In the summer, you can sit by the harbour at midnight and watch the sun dip slightly below the horizon before it makes its way up again.Reykjavik is a great place to visit, whether for some cultural nourishment, a spot of unbridled fun or to recharge your batteries. Think of the ideal city break and youll think of Reykjavik. Highlights and Places in IcelandBorgarbyggd - Borgarnes and surrounding PlacesWelcome To Borgarbyggd municipality - the heart of west Iceland.The natural suroundings in Borgarbyggd are exceptionally beautilful and there are many interesting sightseeings to visit. You can feel the presence of history in this area and there are many interesting historical places to visit like Borg, Borgarnes town is a center for communications, trade and services in this area. There you will find shops, restaurants, hotels, museums, camping sites, a good swimming pool, sports facilities etc. Just outside of Borgarnes town you will find a 12-hole golf course and excellent opportunities for horse riding. There are many horse rentals and riding schools and great trails to explore. In the Varmaland area there is another good swimming pool and camp site. GarurGarur is a small community, located northernmost at the Reykjanes peninsula. The town, which was established in the year 1908, has been growing steadily through the years and offers a lot of service and activities for the traveller.A big and elegant gymnasium is located in the town with an outdoor swimming pool and a hot spot so you can relax after a busy day. Close by is one of the best golf courses in Iceland where you can enjoy the fresh air with a fabulous view over the sea and the coast.This charming community has a lot to offer and it is only a 10 minutes drive from the international airport. It is therefore ideal to start or end your trip around Iceland in Garur and experience a true Icelandic atmosphere.GeysirHome of the Great Geyser.The Geysir-Center consists of a whole building complex with restaurant, hotel, swimming pool, souvenier shop, snack shop, gas station, multimedia show, horse rental, 4 wheels quad, and camping area. Therefore it is not just perfect for vacationing, its also good for day trips.The Westman Islands.Let me take you to the the islands where adventures wait.There are places in Iceland that simply have to be experienced. The Westman Islands are one of those places by virtue of their natural beauty and by being historically and geologically one of Icelands most distinctive destinations. Heimaey may only be about 13 km2, but that small area contains enough magical scenery and birdlife to delight the visitor for days. The islands are part of a young and still active submarine volcanic system, most of them coming into being only 10-20.000 years ago. The youngest of the group is Surtsey which erupted from the sea floor in 1963. A journey to the Westman Islands is neither more expensive nor more difficult than to many places on the mainland, though prior booking whether by sea or air is advisable. From Reykjavk the trip by air is 20 minutes and from Bakki, on the south coast, it is only a 6-minute flight. Other popular attractions are one of Icelands best 18-hole golf courses, deep sea fishing, bird and whale watching, natural history and folk museums. Hiking up volcanoes, over lava fields or along the shoreline is also a favourite pastime. Comfortable accommodations are available as well as a variety of restaurants and coffee houses. A short daytrip is therefore very much a thing of the past. The islands tourism industry endeavours to make visitors feel welcome and hopes they will spend more time with us. Activities Iceland offers a great variety of tours, some covering large parts of the country, others small areas at a time. There are traditional tours as well as tours quite different from what can be experienced elsewhere. There are nature tours with striking landscapes, young lava fields, roaring waterfalls and majestic glacial ice-caps. In addition, there are organized day tours, and weekend and holiday tours all year round with Icelandic touring clubs where the emphasis is on hiking.Much of Iceland is still taking shape before your very eyes raw, dramatic landscapes born from volcanic eruptions and carved out by glaciers. Other parts have hardly changed since the first Viking settlers saw them more than 1,100 years ago. Some activities, such as swimming in geothermally heated pools, are part of the everyday lifestyle. Others are ideal ways to relax from the stress and cares of modern life. Yet others offer you the challenge of the mightiest forces that nature can muster.Iceland is an ideal destination for todays active tourist. Activity vacations are offered all over Iceland. These vacations may feature river rafting, hiking, glacier tours, fishing, horseback riding, boat tours, whale watching and swimming. Nature and WildlifeHikingMore than half of Iceland is over 400 m above sea level, and a large part of the island is covered by lava, glaciers, lakes and sand. Few places in Iceland have marked walking paths, but hiking is a favourite pastime for Icelanders and tourists alike. Bird watchingMany places in Iceland are a paradise for bird-watchers. Ltrabjarg in the West Fjords is the largest birdcliff known in the world. A great variety of cliff-nesting species can be found there, including the largest razorbill colony in the world. The Westman Islands are known for many kinds of seabirds, and are home to Icelands largest puffin population.Whale watchingThe cool clear North Atlantic encircling Iceland is teeming with whales of various sizes and species. Already thousands of tourists have enjoyed whale watching from various sites around the country. The whale watching ports are all around the coastline.Seal watchingIceland offers various seal watching location where you can observe harbour seals/common seals in their natural habitat.Fitness, Sport and Well-beingIn our modern world, people work hard and often experience a great deal of stress. Iceland offers many ways to relax and recover from lifes tensions through physical activity. The warm water that is found so abundantly in the Icelandic soil provides wonderful opportunities for relaxation and recreation. Every village or town has a swimming pool where you ca