中考英语专项复习导学案-被动语态.doc

中考英语专项复习-被动语态主备人：徐敏【教学目标】1. 掌握被动语态的用法；2. 掌握如何将主动语态变成被动语态；3. 掌握变被动语态时须注意哪些问题。【教学过程】一、英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者（即动作的执行者）。宾语是谓语动词的对象(即动作的承受者)。B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者(动作的对象)。二、被动语态的谓语构成:助动词be动词过去分词被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表：重点考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时及含情态动词的被动语态。动词不定式的被动语态为“to be 过去分词”。need +v-ing意为“需要被.”，相当于need to be 过去分词。( ) The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our city Abe building Bbuild Cbe built Dbuilt( ) -Jim, the floor is so dirty. It needs _. -OK, Mom, Ill do it now. A. to sweep B. cleaning C. cleaned D. be swept三、什么时候要用被动语态呢？在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态：不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。四、掌握如何将主动语态变成被动语态？1. 将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为： 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语； 谓语动词变为“be及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态； 主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。 2被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词一般疑问句。例如： You must throw the broken pottery away at once（同义句） The broken pottery _ _ _ _ at once Where did they grow vegetables？（改为被动语态）Where _ vegetables _ ？Many people speak English. （改为被动语态）English _ _ by many people.He washed his shoes yesterday. （改为被动语态）His shoes _ _by him yesterday.五、在被动语态中要注意的问题：(一) 一些使役动词(let, have, make等)或感官动词(see， hear，watch，notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，一定带to。如：A. The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. (变被动语态) The workers _ 18 hours a day by the boss.B. I saw him enter the house. (变被动语态) He _the house by me.C. The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. (变被动语态) They _ the classroom by the teacher after class. 【注意】当使用see/hear/watch sb. do sth.时，变为被动语态时，do 前要带to。而当使用see/hear/watch sb. doing sth.时，变为被动语态时，doing保持不变。如：1. We hear her sing in the room every day.（变被动语态） She _ in the room every day.2. I saw him going into the shop.(主动语态) He _ into the shop.(被动语态) (二)含双宾语的动词在变为被动语态时，可将指人的间接宾语提前做被动语态的主语；也可把后面指物的直接宾语提前做主语，但此时要在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。(主动语态)give/pass/bring/write/tell/show sth. to sb.(被动语态)sth. be given/pass/brought/written/told/shown to sb. 或sb. be given/pass/brought/written/told/shown sth.(主动语态)buy/make/get/cook sth. for sb.(被动语态)sth. be bought/made/got/cooked for sb. 或sb. be bought/made/got/cooked sth.汉译英：去年我过生日时姐姐给了我一块手表。(1) My sister _ for my birthday last year.(2) A watch _ by my sister for my birthday last year.(3) I _ by my sister for my birthday last year.(三)在主动语态中某些谓语动词是短语动词，要将短语动词视为一个整体，变为被动语态时我们不能丢掉其后的介词或副词。 汉译英：我们国家把老人照顾得很好。Old people _ in our country.（4） 谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义:1. 有些不及物动词和短语无被动语态，用主动语态表达被动的意思。如：happen, take place, come true, come out, last, run out(用完)等。翻译句子：(1)这几年,我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。Great changes _ in my hometown over the years. (2)吉姆昨天发生了车祸。_(3)如果你努力的话，你会实现梦想的。If you work hard, your dream will _.(4)他的新书上个月出版了。 His new book_.2.少数动词后面有副词well 的时候也不用被动语态 。 （ 如：write well , wash well , sell well , grow well ）系动词也不用于被动语态。（如：look看起来，sound听起来，feel摸起来，smell闻起来，taste尝起来） (1). This pen _. 这支笔好写。 (2). The jeans_ . 这条牛仔裤好洗。 (3). The apples _ and _ . 这些苹果闻起来很香，卖得好/好卖。 (4). Everything _ in spring.春季万物都生长得很好。注意：open 与 close汉译英：这家商店早晨八点开始营业，晚上十点停止营业。The shop _ at 8 oclock a.m. and _ at ten p.m. 注意辨析：1. be used to do sth.被用来做某事（被动语态）(=be used for doing sth.) use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事（主动语态）2.used to do sth.过去常常做某事3.be / get used to doing sth.习惯做某事【巩固运用】 1. 她过去常常在晚饭后沿这条马路散步，但是现在她习惯在家看电视。(汉译英)She _ the road after supper. But now she _ at home after supper.2.这把刀可以用来削苹果。(汉译英)The knife _ apples. (五)注意下列常见短语或句型：1. get / have sth. +过去分词 “使某事物被.”汉译英：(1).不应该允许16岁的青少年扎耳洞。Sixteen-year-olds shouldnt _ get their ears _.(2).我昨天理发了。I have my hair _ yesterday. 2. be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事3. be regarded as .被视为.4. be covered with sth. 被.覆盖5. be filled with sth.装满/充满.6. be made of sth.由制成（发生物理变化） be made from sth.由制成（发生化学变化）7. Its said that.据说.8. Its well-known that.众所周知.【巩固练习】单项选择：( ) 1.-Did you go to Jims birthday party? -No, I _ . A. havent invited B. didnt invite C. am not invited D. wasnt invited( ) 2.-This yard is so clean today and everything looks fine. - I didnt notice that. Its clear someone _ it. A. is cleaning B. is cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned( ) 3.Its said that a bridge _ over the river soon. A. will be built C. is being built C. has been built D. was built( ) 4.Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame (责备) you. A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected( )5.-Did you have any problems if you _ five minutes to read? -Well, Im thinking about the new words. There are too many. A. give B. are given C. will be given D. will give( )6.-I feel very happy that I _ to be the host. -Congratulations! A.choose B.am chosen C.was chosen D.haven chosen( )7.-The box is too heavy to carry.Whats in it? -Oh, it is _ books. A.filled with B.covered with C.used for D.asked for( )8. -If you stand on the top of the mountain, many things around _ clearly. -I think so. A.can be B.will see C.can be seen D.is seen( )9.Its true that knowledge _ rather than being taught. A.learns B.learned C.is learned D.was learned( )10.Hell go for a walk if his home