山东省德州市乐陵市2019届中考英语复习 阅读理解 说明文（含解析）.doc

说明文AThe earth is about 4,600 million years old. Modern man has lived on the earth for only 35,000 years, but during that time, we have changed our planet in many ways. Many of the things that we have done are good, but more are not good for the earth.Water pollutionA lot of people, birds and fish die each day because of water pollution. Factories have polluted the land and the water. As a result, many rivers and lakes are now dead.Air pollutionIn big cities, factories, as well as cars, trucks and buses are the main cause of air pollution. Many people in cities now have serious health problems. For example, Mexico city used to be a beautiful sunny capital, but today it is always covered by thick brown clouds.Soil pollutionIn order to have a good harvest, most of the farmers use chemicals too much in their fields. Thats bad for the soil. But this kind of pollution is difficult to stop.Hope for the futureThese problems are very serious for our future, so all of us should do something to improve our environment. If we can stop pollution, our planet will become more and more beautiful and our health will be better. Lets be greener people!1. _ have made the earth change a lot.A. Human beingsB. AnimalsC. PlantsD. People in other planets2. There are _ kinds of pollution in this passage.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five3. Pollution isnt a big problem now, is it?A. Yes, it is.B. No, it isnt.C. Yes, there is.D. No, there isnt.4. Which sentence is NOT right according to the passage?A. Most of things that we have done are good for our planet.B. We must stop the factories from pouring waste water into the rivers and lakes.C. Because of water pollution, many rivers and lakes are now dead.D. Water pollution is very serious nowadays.5. Which sentence is RIGHT?A. Though Mexico city is always covered by thick brown clouds, its still a beautiful sunny capital.B. Air pollution can make people sick.C. Now fewer farmers use chemicals in the fields.D. Factories, cars, trucks and buses are the main cause of soil pollution.【答案】ABABA【解析】【文章大意】这篇短文讲述的是由于人类的活动，对地球造成的一些影响。人类的很多行为对地球是有利的，但是更多的行为是对地球有害的。作者主要从水污染、空气污染、土壤污染和对未来的希望来论述的这一话题。 根据短文第一段中Modern man has lived on the earth for only 35,000 years, but during that time, we have changed our planet in many ways.可知，人类在地球上已经居住了3万5千年，在这些年中，人们在很多方面改变了我们的星球。这里的we指代的是人类。故选A。根据短文第二、三、四段可知，文章中提到了地球上的三种污染，即水污染、空气污染和土壤污染。故选B。根据短文第二、三、四三段的内容可知，现在地球上有很多污染，并且很严重，因此污染是地球上的一个大问题。故应该选A。本题的题意是：现在污染不是一个大问题，是吗？不，它是。故选 A。根据Factories have polluted the land and the water. As a result, many rivers and lakes are now dead.可知C的说法是正确的；根据文意可知，由于工厂排放污水，造成了河流的污染，因此我们应该制止工厂排放污水，故B是正确的；根据短文第二段的内容可知，现在水污染非常的严重，故D也是正确的；根据Many of the things that we have done are good, but more are not good for the earth.可知C不对。故选A。根据短文第三段Many people in cities now have serious health problems.的内容可知，由于空气污染，导致了人们的健康问题。故B的说法是正确的。根据Mexico city used to be a beautiful sunny capital, but today it is always covered by thick brown clouds.可知A不对；根据most of the farmers use chemicals too much in their fields可知C不对；根据In big cities, factories, as well as cars, trucks and buses are the main cause of air pollution可知D不对。故选B。BDo you want to become more clever? Have you ever trained your brain? Now there are some new suggestions, such as eating dark chocolate, having cold meat for breakfast and so on. You should also avoid watching soap operas, and spending time with people who have unhealthy diets (饮食), according to a new book on getting “brain-fit”. The books name is Teach Yourself Training Your Brain. Writers Terry Horne and Simon Wootton say that their advice is from the latest research by experts around the world. “For years we have thought our brain capability (能力) is decided by our genes (基因). But its now clear that it depends on our lifestyle. What we eat and drink, how we learn at school and what type of feelings we have are all important,” said Horne.The book talks about the latest ideas about how diet, environment and stress influence our brain capacity. It also offers advice and exercises. The book comes out when more and more people are spending money on books, DVDs and computer games, which claim (声称) to help people improve their brains capability.Horne believes that people need to make changes to their lifestyles to increase their brain capacity. Happiness, confidence and optimism (乐观) help the brain, he added.“So mix with people who make you laugh, or share the same interests as you. And avoid people who often complain (抱怨),” said Horne. “People who are negative will make you sad, which means you wont achieve things.”根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。6. According to the book, which of the following is good for training your brain?A. Eating dark chocolate.B. Watching soap operas.C. Having milk for breakfast.D. Spending time with unhealthy people.7. What does Horne think of the brain capability?A. Its decided by our lifestyle.B. It has nothing to do with schools.C. It depends on what our genes are like.D. It should follow the type of our feelings.8. Whats the book Teach Yourself Training Your Brain mainly about?A. How peoples brain works.B. Some exercises to improve brain capability.C. Some scientific and healthy diets.D. How to improve peoples brain capability.9. The underlined word “ negative” means _ in Chinese.A. 懒惰的B. 诚实的C. 消极的D. 细心的10. In which part of a newspaper can we read the passage?A. Nature.B. Sports.C. Culture.D. Science.【答案】AADCD【解析】【文章大意】本文通过一本书教你训练自己的大脑来说明怎么训练你的大脑，让你变得更聪明。根据第一段Now there are some new suggestions, such as eating dark chocolate, having cold meat for breakfast and so on.可知，吃黑巧克力对训练你的大脑有好处。故选A。根据第四段Horne believes that people need to make changes to their lifestyles to increase their brain capacity.可知，霍恩认为，人们需要改变他们的生活方式来增加他们的大脑能力。故选A。根据第一段Do you want to become more clever? Have you ever trained your brain?. You should also avoid watching soap operas, and spending time with people who have unhealthy diets (饮食), according to a new book on getting brain-fit.以及第二段The books name is Teach Yourself Training Your Brain.可知，这本书是关于如何提高人们的大脑能力的。故选D。根据最后一段So mix with people who make you laugh, or share the same interests as you. And avoid people who often complain (抱怨),；People who arenegativewill make you sad,可知，要与那些让你笑的人或有相同兴趣的人在一起，避免与经常抱怨的人在一起，可知People who arenegativewill make you sad,“消极的人会让你难过”。故选C。本文通过一本书教你训练自己的大脑来说明怎么训练你的大脑，让你变得想变得更聪明。A.自然；B.体育；C.文化；D.科学。对比选项，本文只有在报纸上科学版块有可能读到。故选D。CThe Greenest School in Britain The pupils and teachers at Fairfield School think its worth protecting the environment! This is what theyve been doing:Growing vegetablesFairfield School pupils started their own vegetable garden. Both children and teachers plant and water the seeds (种子), then they pick the vegetables, which are used in school meals. Now they can all enjoy healthy food at lunchtime. “School dinners are more delicious than ever before!” says one pupil.RecyclingThe Fairfield pupils dont just bring their books to school they bring their rubbish too! There are recycling bins (回收箱) in the playground for cans, plastic bottles, batteries and paper. The teachers give a prize every month to the pupil who has tried the hardest to recycle.Planting trees“This school used to be one of the least beautiful areas of the city with no green areas, says the head teacher Lynne Johnson.” Now every child has planted their own tree, and they take care of the trees during the week. Theyve made the view (风景) from the classroom more beautiful!Finding cleaner ways to get aroundEveryone walks or cycles to Fairfield School! “When the roads are busy, its faster to ride bikes than to go by car anyway,” says one pupil. Even the teachers dont use their cars. “We wont encourage our pupils to protect the environment if we dont do it ourselves!” says one teacher.根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。11. The pupils at Fairfield School can eat the vegetables that they grow at school.A. 正确B. 错误12. Every month the pupil who has done the best in studying will be given a prize.A. 正确B. 错误13. The pupils have made Fairfield School more beautiful by planting trees.A. 正确B. 错误14. Both the teachers and the pupils at Fairfield School go to school by car.A. 正确B. 错误15. The teachers at this school set a good example to the pupils in protecting the environment.A. 正确B. 错误【答案】ABABA【解析】【文章大意】本文介绍了英国最环保的学校，以及学校的学生和老师们是怎么做的。根据Growing vegetables中Both children and teachers plant and water the seeds (种子), then they pick the vegetables, which are used in school meals.可知，学校的学生可以吃他们在学校种植的蔬菜。此句正确，故选A。根据Recycling中The teachers give a prize every month to the pupil who has tried the hardest to recycle.可知，老师每个月都会给那些回收最努力的学生奖励。此句错误，故选B。根据Planting trees中Now every child has planted their own tree, and they take care of the trees during the week. Theyve made the view (风景) from the classroom more beautiful!可知，学生们通过种植树木让菲尔德学校变得更美丽。此句正确，故选A。根据Finding cleaner ways to get around中Everyone walks or cycles to Fairfield School!可知，大家都步行或骑自行车去学校。此句错误，故选B。根据Finding cleaner ways to get around中We wont encourage our pupils to protect the environment if we dont do it ourselves!” says one teacher.可知，这所学校的老师为学生保护环境树立了良好的榜样。此句正确，故选A。DWhat problems do the teenagers probably have? Here is a survey showing their main problems. Problems Causes Advice Feeling stressed Too much homework; Not having enough time for their hobbies. Make a plan for study and hobbies. Find time to relax as often as you can. Getting short-sighted (近视的) Too much homework; Bad reading and writing habits. Do homework or read in a correct way. Fighting with each other Not knowing how to get on with classmates. Make more friends and understand each other. Share your problems with them. Feeling tired of study Bad influence of computer games. Dont be crazy about computer games. Play them just for a short time when you are tired. Getting fat Having more pocket money to buy snacks; Disliking doing exercise. Use your pocket money to do something meaningful. Spend some time doing exercise every day. 16. How many main problems are there in the survey?A. Four.B. Five.C. Six.D. Seven.17. What problems are caused by too much homework?A. Feeling stressed and fighting with each other.B. Feeling tired of study and getting fat.C. Feeling stressed and getting short-sighted.D. Getting short-sighted and feeling tired of study.18. Peter is tired of study, maybe because he _.A. has no close friendsB. has no pocket moneyC. plays too many computer gamesD. gets fatter and fatter19. _ is a good way for the teenagers to stop fights.A. Doing less homeworkB. Playing computer gamesC. Learning how to make friendsD. Paying no attention to each other【答案】BCCC【解析】【文章大意】本文主要介绍有关青少年的5个问题，问题分别为学习的压力，近视眼，打架，厌倦学习，变胖，以及5个问题产生的原因和解决办法的建议。 题意：这份调查中有多少个主要的问题？根据表格可知在调查表里谈论了五个关于青少年的主要问题，分别是感到学习的压力，近视眼，打架，厌倦学习，变胖，故选B。题意：什么问题是通过太多的作业造成的？A.Feeling stressed and fighting with each other.感到压力和互相打架；B.Feeling tired of study and getting fat.感觉厌倦学习和变胖；C.Feeling stressed and getting short-sighted.感觉压力和变成近视眼；D.Getting short-sighted and feeling tired of study.变近视和厌倦学习。从表格1和2我们可以在cause一栏看到too much homework，所以太多的作业导致的问题是感到学习的压力和近视眼，故本题选C。题意：彼得厌倦学习，可能是因为什么？A.has no close friends没有亲密的朋友；B.has no pocket money没有红包；C.plays too many computer games玩太多的电脑游戏；D.gets fatter and fatter变得越来越胖。在厌倦学习一栏中，原因是Bad influence of computer games.电脑游戏的糟糕影响。故选C。题意：对于青少年来说，什么是阻止打架的好方法？A.Doing less homework做更少的作业；B.Playing computer games玩电脑游戏；C.Learning how to make friends学习怎样交朋友；D.Paying no attention to each other彼此不注意。在第三个问题fights一栏，在建议advice一行我们可以知道不打架的建议是多交朋友，彼此之间互相理解，和他们分享你的问题。故选C。AWhat do people do with their old, out-of-date but still useful computers? Most people dont know what to do with them. Many old computers are put away in homes. Many more are simply thrown out with the rubbish. Finally, some companies are thinking of ways to bring down(降低，减少) the number of old computers. Sony has agreed to help recycle old Sony products. Dell, HP and Lenovo companies now also take back some old computers.In some countries, laws are being passed, too. Computer companies will have to pay for collecting and recycling their used products. And 70% of computer waste must be recycled. The idea behind the laws is that computer companies themselves should pay the cost. That will encourage them to make computers that are easier and cheaper to repair and upgrade（升级）.Yet while many people are throwing away good computers, others cannot afford them at all. Hundreds of organizations are working to solve this problem. They collect and repair old computers. Some also teach others how to repair computers.The computers then go to schools, charities and people who need them. Giving a used computer to one of these organizations can turn one persons rubbish into someone elses useful thingsand cut down on waste, too.20. What do many people do with old computers?A. They repair them.B. They sell them.C. They send them to others.D. They stop using them.21. How many computer companies are mentioned in the second paragraph?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.22. According to the laws in some countries, computer companies must _ .A. recycle most of their productsB. collect all their used productsC. repair and upgrade old computersD. make more cheaper computers23. What do the organizations do to solve the problem of old computers?A. Help the computer companies to collect them.B. Repair and send them to those who need them.C. Help people to learn to use them.D. Turn rubbish into useful things.24. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Repairing old computers.B. Encouraging to make cheap computersC. Recycling old computers.D. Helping those who need computers.【答案】DDABC【解析】【文章大意】文章主要介绍了如何回收利用旧电脑。根据短文内容Most people dont know what to do with them. Many old computers are put away in homes. Many more are simply thrown out with the rubbish.可知答案，故选D。根据文章第二段Sonyhas agreed to help recycle old Sony products (产品). Dell, Hewlett-Packard and other companies now also take back some old computers.可知，在第二自然段一共涉及到了三个电脑公司，故选D。根据短文内容In some countries, laws are being passed, too. Computer companies will have to pay for collecting and recycling their used products. And 70% of computer waste must be recycled.可知，法律规定电脑公司必须回收和循环使用他们的产品。故选A。根据短文内容They collect and repair old computers. Some also teach others how to repair computers. The computers then go to schools, charities and people who need them.可知答案，故选B。文章主要介绍了如何回收利用旧电脑。故选C。BA huge rocket was shot into the night sky. It travelled so fast that people soon couldnt see it. The whole country was holding its breath, until the launch (发射) centre said the mission was a success. It was in Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in Sichuan Province. On early December 2, China sent the Change-3 lunar probe up into space.After days of flying, its expected to land slowly and safely on the moon in mid-December. So far, only the United States and the former Soviet Union have performed such a landing on the moon.Change-3 has a passengerYutu, Chinas first moon rover (月球车). After arriving on the moon, Yutu will drive around and examine rock and soil on the moon. It will also look for natural resources. Helium-3 (氦3) is one of them. Its a great energy source.There are about 1 to 5 million tons of helium-3 on the moon. It can provide energy for humans for more than 10,000 years, said Ouyang Ziyuan, a senior advisor on Chinas lunar programme.The rover is designed to work for one year. After tha