插入语用法.doc

_英语插入语用法详解插入语一般对一句话作一些附加的说明。它是中学英语语法的重点,也是高考的考点。掌握这一语言现象不仅有利于对句子、篇章的理解,而且也有助于提高书面表达的写作水平。 一、常见的插入语有形容词(词组)、副词、不定式、现在分词短语、介词短语、从句以及固定短语。1.常见的形容词(词组)、副词作插入语的有:sure enough(果然); strange; worse still(更糟糕的是);most important(最重要的是); honestly; obviously; however; otherwise; luckily; unfortunately; besides; first; second; especially; surprisingly等。例如:Worse still, the lion could even carry off the baby in its mouth.We must do the experiment carefully; otherwise youll get another result. Honestly, I dont need it at the moment. He likes the country, especially in spring.2.常见的不定式有:to tell the truth; to be short(简单地);to begin with(首先); to be sure(自然、当然、果然);to be honest/frank; to make things worse; to make a long story short; to speak of(值得一提的是),to be fair ,to sum up(概括地说) 等。这些插入语表示说话人的态度,在句子中作独立成份。例如:_ the truth, this is all Greek to me. A. Tell B. To tell C. Telling D. Told Key: BThats a good idea, to be sure!To make things worse, many of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay.3.常见的现在分词短语有:generally speaking; frankly speaking; judging from/by; talking of(谈到); considering(考虑到,因为是);putting it mildly(说得客气一点)等。这些分词用来修饰全句。例如: Judging from appearance, he seems to be a strong man.4.常见的介词短语有:in fact; in addition; in a word; on the other hand; in other words; in ones opinion; in that case; by the way; of course; as a rule(通常);to ones surprise; for example; on the contrary(相反);in a way(在某点上、在某种程度上); for one thing; for another (thing)等。例如:In a way, I think we both won in the game.5.常见的从句有:if you dont mind; if you like; if you please; if necessary; if any; if I may say so; if convenient; as it happens等。例如:You can, _, come to join us in the game. A. if you please B. if you possible C. if you happy D. if you necessary Key: A6.常见的固定短语:as a result; that is (to say); whats more; as above; all in all(总之),等。例如:All in all, they have had a wonderful time today. 二、插入语的位置,可放在句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或分号隔开。例如:Besides, I enjoy learning about new things from politics to sports and music.He knows three foreign languages, namely, English, Japanese and Spanish. 但是有些词或短语可插在句子中,不用逗号隔开。例如:What on earth are you doing here?三、表示疑问的插入语结构含think, suppose, guess, say, imagine, expect, believe等动词的疑问句,后接含疑问词的宾语从句时,要将疑问词放在句首。例如:Whom do you think I should see first?这一结构可改为:Whom should I see first, do you think?He made another wonderful discovery, _of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is Key: A这里I think是插入语。which引导非限制性定语从句,故选A。巩固练习:请选出最佳答案1. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, _if you dont speak the language. (NMET2000)A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially2. _be sent to work there? (上海2002)A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should3. Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea ,_, neither of them could swim. A. in fact B. luckily C. unfortunately D. naturally 4. Never waste anything, and_, never waste time. A. after all B. at all C. in all D. above all5. His father came home at midnight, and _, he was drunk. A. as a result B. that is to say C. whats more D. sooner or later6. My sister speaks English, if not better than, my brother. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as 7 , you have given me a lot of help. A Tell the truth B. To tell the truth C. Telling true D. Telling truth 8. his face, the young man must be over 20. A. Judged from B. Judged C. Judging from D .Judging 9. I dont picking up your thing from the store ,_,the walk will do me good . A. sooner or later B. still C. in time D. besides 10. What he said, has nothing to do with what he did. A. to my surprise B .to my surprised C. to my surprising D. to our surprises KEY: DACDC BBCDA英语插入语的几种常见用法是英语语法中的一个重要考点，它是指插在句子中的词语或句子，其位置比较灵活，通常被逗号、破折号或句子的其他部分隔开，与句子的其他部分之间没有语法上关系。插入语通常是对一句话的附加解释、说明或总结，有时表示说话人的态度和看法，有时起强调作用，有时是为了引起对方的注意，还可以起转移话题或说明原因的作用，也可以承上启下，使语句间的衔接更紧密。插入语的种类比较多，常见的有以下几种：1副词(短语)作插入语常见的有：indeed，surely，however，obviously，naturally，luckily，happily，fortunately，strangely，briefly，actually， altogether， further， besides，similarly，exactly，especially等。如：SurelyI will keep the secret for my wholelifeStrangely，he hasnt written to me for half a year2形容词(短语)作插入语常见的有：strange，sure enough，worse still，even better，hard to say，most important ofall，worst ofall等。如：Most important of all，each of us fulfilled our own task3介词短语作插入语常见的有：to ones joy，in a word，in short，on the contrary，in other words，in asome sense，in general，in ones viewopinion，in conclusion， in reality，as a matter of fact，in a addition，in turn，in return，as a consequenceresult等。如：Never waste anything，and above all，never waste timeTheory begins with practice and in turn serves practice4不定式短语作插入语常见的有：to be frank to be short to tell you the truthto be honest，to be sure，to make the matter worse，to beginstart with等。这些插入语表示说话人的态度，在句中作独立成分。如：To be surecommunity service can aid reemployment5分句作插入语常见的有：I thinkdo you suggestsuppose，Im afraid， whats worse，whats more，you know，that is(to say)，as far as I knowas far as Iin concernedbelieve it or not等。如：You cant play computer games too much，for it will do harm to your healthWhatS worse，it will waste your time6现在分词作插入语分词作插入语的常见短语有：generally speaking， strictly speaking，judging frondby，considering等，如：Judging from his age，he must be ill Considering his age，he did very wel17其他短语或从句作插入语常见的有：above all，no wonder,after all，a儿the same，aIl in all，if you please/ like，ifwhen necessary，if convenient，as it happens等。如：I thought he was sure to die that nightbut he lived through after al1此外，插入语如：do you thinkbelievesupposeimagineexpectguess等出现在疑问句中，前后不用逗号隔开。由于插入语已是一般疑问句语序，所以其后的部分要用陈述句语序，疑问词放在句首。如：Where do you think he comes from?Who do you suppose be sent to work there?What do you think they are looking for? 插入语的应用 插入语（句）是说话者对所表达意思的补充、强调、解释或者说话的态度，其位置灵活，常常用逗号或破折号与其他成分隔开，并且在语法上不影响其他成分。例如： I think， she has no feeling for your trouble. / She， I think， has no feeling for your trouble. 我想，她对你的遭遇无动于衷。 一 . 常见的插入语和插入句。 1. 插入语常以副词（副词短语）、形容词（形容词短语）、介词短语、非谓语动词短语等形式出现。 （ 1 ）常见的副词及短语： indeed， surely， however， obviously， frankly， naturally， luckily / happily for sb. certainly 等。（ 2 ）常见的形容词及短语： funny， needless to say （不用说）， most important of all 等。 （ 3 ）常见的介词短语： by the way， in a few words / in sum / in short （简而言之）， in other words， in general， in ones opinion / judgment （按照某人的意见）， in fact， in the first place， of course， to ones knowledge / surprise / regret /satisfaction / mind / joy / disappointment 等。 （ 4 ）常见的现在分词短语： strictly / generally / honestly / personally / exactly / physically / speaking （严格地 / 一般地 / 坦诚地等）说； judging from / by （根据判断）等。 （ 5 ）常见的动词不定式短语： to be sure （无疑地）， to sum up （概括地说）， to tell the truth， to be honest， to be short， to conclude， to put it briefly， to put it in another way， to begin （ start ） with 等。 注意：上述单词或短语作插入语和状语时的区别。例如： （ 1 ） Frankly， hed like to listen to music. （副词作插入语，表示说话人的态度） Here you should speak frankly.（副词作状语） （ 2 ） True， your daughter is at home now. （形容词作插入语） He came back， hungry and tired. （形容词作状语） （ 3 ） Judging from what he said， he does look down his elder brother. （现在分词作插入语，其主语不是句中的主语，只是说话者的附加说明）Seeing from the window， he can see the lake. （现在分词作状语，逻辑主语是句中的主语 he ） （ 4 ） To tell you the truth， he doesnt quite agree with this idea. （不定式作插入语，动作主体不是句中的主语，只是说话者的附加说明） To buy the machine， he went to Beijing. （不定式作目的状语，逻辑主语是句中的主语 he ） 2. 插入句为简短的、具有完整意义的句子。常见的插入句如下： I think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose， I am sure （我可以肯定地说）， that is （ to say ）（也就是说）， it seems （看来是）， as I see it （照我看来）， whats more， whats worse， what is important / serious （重要 / 严重的是）， Im afraid （恐怕） ， it is said （据说）， as we all know （众所周知）等。 插入句独立性强，一般用标点符号将其与其他句子成分隔开。应当特别注意疑问句的插入句，它一般为倒装语序且无任何标点符号，而且整个疑问句应当保持陈述语序。例如： （ 1 ） What should I do first？What do you think I should do first？被插入的疑问句原来为倒装语序，插入后成为陈述语序） （ 2 ） Who is singing？ Who do you think is singing？ （被插入的疑问句原来就是陈述语序，不需要做调整） 二 . 插入语（句）在试题中的应用。 1. 单项选择。由于插入语通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系，命题者有意在句中插入一个从句或插入语，造成主谓分离，给考生的理解带来一定的困难和干扰。例如： （ 1 ） He made another wonderful discovery， _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is 分析：这是一个非限制性定语从句， which 在从句中作主语，代替 the discovery .做这类题目的方法是先将插入语 I think 去掉，然后再将句子还原成为 He made another wonderful discovery， which is of great importance to science. 问题就迎刃而解了。正确答案： A . （ 2 ） In fact _ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. A. this B. that C. there D. it 分析： in fact 在句中实际担当插入语，只不过没用逗号隔开，意思是“实际上，对警察来说在一次重大的足球比赛中，维持秩序是一项困难的工作”。空格容易把句子当成 fact 的同位语从句而误选 B .正确答案： D （ 3 ） Alice， you feed the birds today， _？ But I fed it yesterday. A. do you B. will you C. didnt you D. dont you 分析：这是特设语境，插入语 Alice 暗示后面句子为带主语的祈使句，正确答案： B . （ 4 ） Who do you think _ us a talk this afternoon？ A. to give B. gave C. will give D. giving 分析： you think 是一个插入语，将其去掉。正确答案： C . （ 5 ） Philip is a New Yorker， _ ， he lives in New York. A. that is B. besides C. after all D. in one word 分析：直接选择适合上下文语境的插入语。正确答案： A . 2. 阅读理解和完形填空。阅读中出现大量插入语会增加理解障碍。熟练掌握插入语，有利于分析句子结构，理解文章大意。例如： I， of course， like a bicycle better. It doesnt cost me much， yet it brings me a lot of convenience. Whats more， it doesnt pollute the air. Bicycles are really good friends of peoples. 3. 写作。书面表达要求语言连贯、地道，恰当使用插入语，可以给文章增色不少。例如： Like most of my schoolmates， I have neither brothers nor sisters in other words， I am an only child. My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can to make sure that I get a good education. They do not want me to do any work at home； they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subjects. We may be one family and live under the same roof， but we do not seem to get much time to talk together. It looks as if my parents regard me as a visitor or a guest. Do they really understand their own daughter？ How things are in other homes， I wonder. （ NMET 2001 ） 强化训练： I. 单项选择： 1. Mr. Anderson， _ I thought died three years ago， is still living. A. who B. whom C. that D. which 2. John plays football _， if not be better than David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as 3. The truth， sir， is that the old man _ across the road when the car hit him. A. was to walk B. had been walking C. walked D. was walking 4. The repair work of Angkor Watt _ would last at least ten years was completed within eight years. A. which people supposed B. which people supposed it C. which people supposed that is D. people supposed that 5. He worked late last night， _， early this morning. A. that is B. even worse C. or rather D. namely 6. He must have believed， I think， _ I am a lazy boy. A. that B. / C. which D. what 7. _ we all know， he was a famous writer. A. Which B. As C. What D. / 8. _ from the number of the cars， he thought， there werent many people at the restaurant yet. A. Judging B. Judged C. To judge D. Being judged 9. What _ had to be finished before Friday？ A. they say B. they said C. did they say D. do they say 10. He came home after midnight， and _， he was drunk. A. even more B. very much C. whats worse D. so much 11. Mrs. Patti gave us another wonderful talk， _ of great importance to our English study. A. I think which is B. I think it is C. which I think is D. which I think it 12. Paula refused the invitation to Davids party the next week， _ of course made him puzzled. A. what B. where C. when D. which II. 完成句子。 13. 严格说来，加拿大英语和美国英语不完全一样。 _， Canadian English is not the same as American English. 14. 老实说，我不同意你的想法。 _， I cant agree to your idea. 15. 依我看来，青年人喜欢流行音乐。 _， young people enjoy pop music. Key： 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. C 11. C 12. D 13. Strictly speaking 14. To be honest 15. In my opinion / From my point 插入语六大用法小结 在英语学习中，插入语是一个比较重要的知识点。由于插入语是一种独立成分，通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系，许多同学在学习过程中会有一定的困难。其实，插入语大都是对一句话进行附加说明或解释，通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成，常置于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。下面举例归纳插入语的几种用法。 例1 _the more expensive the camera， the better its quality. A.General speaking B.Speaking general C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generally解析：本题答案为C.generally speaking为分词短语，意思是“一般来说”，在句中用作插入语。 小结：许多分词短语可以用作插入语，这样的分词短语有：strictly speaking（严格地说），generally considering（一般认为）， judging from（根据判断）等。 例2 Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. _，neither of them could swim. A.In fact B.Luckily C.Unfortunately D.Naturally 解析：本题答案为C.unfortunately为副词，意思是“令人遗憾地，不巧，可惜”，在句中用作插入语。 小结：常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有：indeed（的确），surely（无疑），however（然而），frankly（坦率地说），obviously（显然），naturally（天然地），luckily （happily） for sb.（算某人幸运），fortunately（幸好），strangely（奇怪），briefly（简单地说）等。 例3 Your performance in the driving test didnt reach the required standard，_， you failed. A.in the end B.after all C.in other words D.at the same time 解析：本题答案为C.in other words为介词短语，意思是“换句话说”，在句中用作插入语。 小结：常用作插入语的介词短语有：in conclusion（总之），in a word（简而言之），in short（简而言之），in general（一般说来），in a sense（在某种意义上），in my view（在我看来），in his opinion（按照他的看法），in fact（事实上），at first（首先）， in addition（此外），of course（当然），to my surprise（使我惊奇的），to her regret（使她遗憾的），for example（例如）等。 例4 It is so nice to hear from her._，we last met more than thirty years ago. A.Whats more B.That is to say C.In other words D.Believe it or not 解析：本题答案为D.believe it or not为一分句，意思是“信不信由你”，在句中作插入语。 小结：用简短的句子结构作插入语，它们常置于句中或句末。这类简短的句子有：I am sure（我可以肯定地说），I believe（我相信），do you know（你知道吗），you see（你明白），Im afraid（恐怕），it is said（据说），I suppose（我想），whats more（而且），whats worse（更糟糕的是），that is（也就是说），what is important（重要的是）等。 例5 _ with you，I have no money to spare. A.To be frank B.Whats more C.In addition D.However 解析：本题答案为A.to be frank为不定式短语，意思是“坦率地说”，在句中用作插入语。 小结：常用作插入语的不定式短语有：to be sure（无疑地），to sum up（概括地说），to tell the truth（老实说）等。 例6 _， he should have done such a thing. A.Speaking general B.Strange to say C.Luckily D.Of course 解析：本题答案为B.strange