现在完成时及现在完成进行时讲解与习题.doc

八下现在完成时与现在完成进行时现在完成时讲与练一.现在完成时的构成:现在完成时由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。has用于第三人称单数,have用于其他各种人称.二.现在完成时的概念和用法（其用法主要有三种）I.“已完成”用法:表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和just，now，already，yet，notyet等不确定的时间状语连用。Li Ming has just turned off the light.李明刚刚把灯关上。（说明现在灯关上了）Ive finished my homework now.现在我已经做完作业了。（说明可以交作业或做别的了）2）表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。I have lost my pen.我把笔丢了。（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔）She has become a teacher.她已经当了老师。（说明她现在仍是老师）II.“未完成”用法。表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。常和表示一段时间的状语连用。如today，this week（month），lately，recently，these days，in the past few days，during the last two weeks，since，since yesterday，since 2 days ago，since 1991，for a long time，for a month，so far，up to now，till（until） now等。He has lived here for 30 years.他住在这儿三十年了。（现在还住在这儿）Theyve known each other since childhood.他们从小彼此相识。（现在还在往来）How long have you studied English？你学英语多久了？（现在仍在学）III.经验性用法:表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。常与频度副词如often,always,every week,twice等连用。I have been to the Summer Palace twice.我曾经去过颐和园两次。He has always said so.他总是这么说.三.句型结构肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他。(主语是第三人称单数时用has，其他人称用have)。 如：I have done my homework since 6:00. They have found the lost boy. She has gone to Beijing since she was 16 years old.否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 动词过去分词 + 其他。 如： They have worked for 20 hours.They havent worded for 20 hours. He has had his breakfast.He hasnt had his breakfast. 一般疑问句： Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他？如：She has been to Beijing.Has she been to Beijing? -Yes,she has./No,she hasnt.They have already learned three English songs.Have they learned three English songs yet? -Yes,they have./No,they havent. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句？ 如: How many words has he learned yet? How long hawe you lived here?四.现在完成时的时间状语I.现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。b. 用ever和never.多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。c. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times the last few days.近几天他去过那里三次了。d. (此项可删除)用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I havent.今天你见过他吗？我没有。How many times have you been there this year?今年你去过那里多少次？II. A)短暂性动词不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用。如：come, go, arrive, reach, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up等。但如果要保留表一段时间的时间状语，必须将动词改为延续性动词。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换，如：101） fall asleep (ill) be asleep (ill)2） get to know know 3） begin,(start) be on 4） open be open 5） buy have 6） get up be up 7） die be dead8） go out be out 9） come be in10） closebe closed 11） arrivebe here 12） joinbe in, be a +名词 13） finish( end )be over 14） leave, move be away, 15） borrow keep 16） go to schoolbe a student 17） catch(a cold) have(a cold)18） begin to studystudy 19） come backbe back 20） put onwear 或be in如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。The film has been on for 5 minutes.电影已开始五分钟了。We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。B)不可延续性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：I havent left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month.五.have been(to)、have been （in）与have gone( to)辨析：1. have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称，可与once , never, several times等表频度的词或短语连用。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。2. have gone(to)表示“去某地了（未回，说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称。如：He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。3. have been（in）表示”已经在某地”（表示持续时间），可用于各种人称。如：My grandparents has been in Zhengzhou for 50 years.六与一般过去的区别1. 时间状语不同I met him two years ago. I have never met him before.2. 与现在又无关系I bought a Nokia cell phone.（手机现在不一定还在） I have bought an M9 cell phone.(手机现在还在)七过去分词变化规则规则动词过去分词同过去式。不规则动词需要记忆。 AAA型1) costcostcost 2) cutcutcut 3) hithithit4) hurthurthurt 5) letletlet 6) putputput7) readreadread 8) setsetset 9) shutshutshut AAB型1) beatbeatbeaten ABA型1) becomebecamebecome 2) comecamecome 3) runranrun ABB型1) bringbroughtbrought 2) buyboughtbought 3) thinkthoughtthought 4) catchcaughtcaught 5) teachtaughttaught 6) buildbuiltbuilt 7) lendlentlent 8) sendsentsent 9) spendspentspent 10) loselostlost 11) smellsmeltsmelt 12) burnburntburnt 13) feelfeltfelt 14) learnlearntlearnt 15) hearheardheard16) meanmeantmeant 17) keepkeptkept 18) sleepsleptslept 19) sweepsweptswept 20) telltoldtold 21) standstoodstood 22) understandunderstoodunderstood 23) saysaidsaid 24) paypaidpaid 25) meetmetmet 26) leaveleftleft 27) holdheldheld 28) digdugdug 29) findfoundfound 30) getgotgot31) hanghunghung 32) havehadhad33) makemademade 34) shineshoneshone 35) sitsatsat 36) winwonwon ABC型1) blowblewblown 2) drawdrewdrawn 3) flyflewflown 4) growgrewgrown 5) throwthrewthrown 6) knowknewknown 7) choosechosechosen 8) eatateeaten 9) fallfellfallen 10) rideroderidden 11) riseroserisen 12) hidehidhidden 13) seesawseen 14) shakeshookshaken 15) taketooktaken 16) mistakemistookmistaken 17) wakewokewaken 18) writewrotewritten 19) bewas/werebeen 20) dodiddone 21) breakbrokebroken 22) forgetforgotforgotten 23) givegavegiven 24) freezefrozefrozen 25) beginbeganbegun 26) ringrangrung 27) drinkdrankdrunk 28) gowentgone 29) lielaylain 30) singsangsung 31) swimswamswum 32) wearworeworn 33) showshowedshown 34) sinksanksunk 练习（一）A用所给词的适当形式填空。1. We _already_(clean) the classroom .2. Have you_(get) a bike? Yes, I_.3. Have you_(write) a letter to Tom? N o, I_.4. She_ _(not see) the film before. 5. Li Lei_just_(eat)fish and chips.6. I_ _(not do) my homework yet.7. Tom and Jim_ _(be) to the Great Wall before.8. My mother_ _(buy) a new car for a week.9. A: Has she been to Beijing? B: Yes, she _. A: When _she _(go) there? B: Last month.10. _you_(finish)your work? No, not yet.B.用for 和since填空1. We have learned five hundred words _ the beginning of this term.2. Mrs Liao has been in hospital _a week.3. I have stayed at my aunts _last week.4. He has lived in Nanjing _twenty years.5. Iv known him _I was a child.6. Our teacher has studied Japanese _three years.7. She has been away from the city _about two years.8. Its about ten years _she left the city.C选择填空。1 .Where is Li Lei? He _ Shanghai. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to2. -_ you _ to the capital? -No, I _.I _ there early next month. A. Have, been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have, gone, havent, was going D. Did, go, didnt, was going 3. -_ you _ England? -Yes, it _ a beautiful country. A. Will , gone to, was B. Have , been to, is C. had ,been to, is D. Have ,gone to, is 4.Mary _ to see the films because she _ it twice. A. wont go, saw B. wont go, will see C. wont go, has seen D. didnt go, sees5. His father _ for years. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies6. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in 7. You _ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already8. Mr. Black _ China since the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to练习（二）一.用since和for填空1._two years 2._two years ago3._last month 4._ 19995._yesterday 6._ 4 oclock7 4 hours 8._an hour ago9._we were children 10._ lunch time11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.二.单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?A. already B.never C.ever D.still3、Have you met Mr Li _？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . A.has changed ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ; better D.changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish11、His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made 13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began15、It _ ten years since he left the army . A. is B. has C. will D. was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been18.The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away21.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened22.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become23.You mustnt_ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left24.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over25.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught26.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became27. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned三.用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”四.用适当的时态填空：1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5. Mary_(lose) her pen. _ you _(see) it here and there?6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I _just _ (have) some orange.8. We already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?11. My father _ (read) the novel twice.12. I _ (buy) a book just now.13. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday.14. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday.五、划线提问1) I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _ ?2) My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3) He left here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4) They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book现在完成进行时1 定义:现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。2 构成:现在完成进行时是由“have/has+been+动词的现在分词”构成3 基本句型：肯定式 I/We have been working.疑问式 Have you been working？ 简略回答 Yes，I/we have. No，I/we havent.肯定式 He/She/It has been working.疑问式 Has he/she/it been working？ 简略回答 Yes，he/she/it has. No，he/she/it hasnt.4 现在完成进行时的用法1） 在强调指出动作还未结束，还要继续下去。如：Ive been reading this book for two hours，but I havent finished it. 这本书我已读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。Ive read this book.我已读完这本书了。2）强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩。She has always been working like that.她一贯是这样工作的。3）现在完成进行时也可表示