love is a fallacy---part 3课文分析ppt课件.ppt

(paras.109-114)HypothesisContrarytoFact(paras.115-124)PoisoningtheWellSectionIV(Paras.125-154):theendingofthestory:backfiringofallthearguments(paras.125-152)Thequarrelbetweentheboyandthegirl.(climaxespeciallyparas.147-150)(paras.153-154)Modulation(thefallingaction),OrganizationalPattern,Part3,1,HypothesisContrarytoFact,Hypothesiscontrarytofact:drawanysupportableconclusionfromahypothesisthatisnottrue.(事实相反的假设:不合逻辑的推理),IfMadameCuriehadnothappenedtoleaveaphotographicplateinadrawerwithachunkofpitchblende,theworldtodaywouldnotknowaboutradium.,E.g.1.IfIhadstudiedhard,Iwoulddefinitelyhavepassedthetest.2.Itaughtyoulogic.So,ifIhadnttaughtyoulogic,youneverwouldhavelearnedlogicatall.,2,PoisoningtheWell,Poisoningthewell:hashamstrungonesopponent.(投毒下井:事先否定对方)orspeaking“againsttheman”ratherthantheissue,inwhichthepremisesmayonlymakeapersonalattackonapersonwhoholdssomethesis,insteadofofferinggroundsshowingwhywhathesaysisfalse.,Myopponentisanotoriousliar.Youcantbelieveawordthatheisgoingtosay.,E.g.1.Dontlistentohim.Heisscoundrel.2.YoumayarguethatGoddoesntexist,butyouarejustfollowingafad.3.WeshoulddiscountwhatPremierKleinsaysabouttaxationbecausehewontbehurtbytheincrease.,3,DobieGillis（thenarrator）,PollyEspy(thegirl),DeclarationoflovetoPolly,PeteyBurch,PromisedtobehisGF,Araccooncoat,ThrowgoodmoneyafterBad赔了夫人又折兵,4,DetailedStudyoftheText,1.“Soundsyummy,”wasPollysreaction.(Para.110)yummy:(Americancolloquialism)echoicofasoundmadeinexpressingpleasureatataste;verytasty;delectable,Soundsfine,2.“Didyouseethemovie?Oh,itjustknockedmeout.ThatWalterPidgeonissodreamy.Imeanhefracturesme.”(Para.112),excellent,wonderful,delightful,toevokeastrongreactioninsomeone;tocausetoreactwithenthusiasm,Iwasexcitedandfilledwithpleasurebythemovie.Thatwell-knownactorWalterPidgeonissowonderfulandhefascinatesme.,5,3.Onemorechance,Idecided.Butjustonemore.Thereisalimittowhatfleshandbloodcanbear.(Para.115),DetailedStudyoftheText,Ellipsisandinversion.IdecidedthatIwouldgiveheronemorechance.,Thereisalimittowhatanyhumanbeingcanbear.Impliedmeaning：ifIfailedthistime,Iwouldgiveup.,6,4.“ThenextfallacyiscalledPoisoningtheWell.”(Para.115),DetailedStudyoftheText,ItsaMetaphor.Thewritercompares“thepersonalattackonapersonholdingsomethesis”to“poisoningthewell”.,7,DetailedStudyoftheText,5.Iwatchedhercloselyassheknithercreamybrowinconcentration.Suddenly,aglimmerofintelligencethefirstIhadseencameintohereyes.(Para.118),todrawthebrowstogether(aswhenthinkinghard)眉头紧锁，精力集中,glimmer:n.afaintunsteadylightorasmalluncertainsign微弱的闪光；微弱的征兆aglimmerofintelligence一线智慧,Iwatchedherasshethoughtveryhard.Suddenly,fromhereyesIcouldseeforthefirsttimeasmalluncertainsignshowingshewasbeginningtounderstandtheproblem.,8,DetailedStudyoftheText,6.“Right!”Icriedexultantly.“Onehundredpercentright.Itsnotfair.Thefirstmanhaspoisonedthewellbeforeanybodycoulddrinkfromit.Hehashamstrunghisopponentbeforehecouldevenstart.(Para.119),exultant:ad.(fml.orlit.)jubilant兴高采烈的,hamstring:v.tomake(apersonorgroup)ineffectiveorpowerless;cripple,Hehasmadehisopponentpowerless/disabledhisopponentbeforehehasthechancetodefendhimself.,9,DetailedStudyoftheText,7.HeartenedbytheknowledgethatPollywasnotaltogetheracretin,Ibeganalong,patientreviewofallIhadtoldher.OverandoverandoveragainIcitedinstancespointedoutflaws,kepthammeringawaywithoutlet-up.(Para.123),v.(oftenpassive)encourage使振作，高兴；鼓励,n.(tabooslang)anextremelystupidperson,tokeepemphasizingortalkingabout,stopping;relaxing,IwasencouragedwhenIknewthatPollywasnotahopelessidiot.SooverandoveragainIgaveexamplesandpointedoutthemistakesinherthinking.Ikeptemphasizingallthiswithoutstopping.,10,DetailedStudyoftheText,8.Itwaslikediggingatunnel.Atfirsteverythingwaswork,sweat,anddarkness.IhadnoideawhenIwouldreachthelight,orevenifIwould.ButIpersisted.Ipoundedandclawedandscraped,andfinallyIwasrewarded.Isawachinkoflight.Andthenthechinkgotbiggerandthesuncamepouringinandallwasbright.(Para.123),Simile,comparinghisteachingtothehardworkofdiggingatunnel.,v.scratch,clutch,aswithclaws(nails)抓；挠,v.scratch,cutthesurfaceofslightly刮除,Atfirstitwasveryhardwork(sweatingandworkinginthedark)butfinallyhesawthelightattheendofthetunnelandknewhehadsucceededindiggingthiswaythrough.AfteralotofhardworkhemanagedtomakePollythinklogically.Whenhewentoutattheotherendofthetunnelhefoundthesunshiningbrightly.Everythinglookedbrightandhappy.,11,DetailedStudyoftheText,9.Fivegruelingnightsthistook,butitwasworthit.IhadmadealogicianoutofPolly;(Para.124),IhadturnedPollyintoalogician.,10.Shewasworthyofmeatlast.Shewasafitwifeforme,aproperhostessformymanymansions,asuitablemotherformywell-heeledchildren.(Para.124)Shewasworthyofmeatlast:This,onceagain,showsthenarratorsconceit.Pollywasnotgoodenoughtobehiswifeatfirst.,(Americanslang)rich,prosperous,Herethenarratordescribestherolewhathethinkhiswifeshouldplay.Canyouimaginetheimageofhiswifeaccordingthissentence?,?,12,DetailedStudyoftheText,Herethenarratordescribestherole,whichhethinks,awifeshouldplay.Firstsheshouldbeaproperhostessofarichmanwhoownsmanymansions.Inotherwordssheshouldbegoodatentertaininghisrichfriendsandclientsandthusfurtherhiscareer.Second,sheshouldbeagoodmotherandproperlylookafterhisrichandprosperouschildren.,Angelinthehouse,13,DetailedStudyoftheText,11.ItmustnotbethoughtthatIwaswithoutloveforthisgirl.Quitethecontrary.JustasPygmalionlovedtheperfectwomanhehadfashioned,soIlovedmine.(Para.125)ItmustnotbethoughtthatIwaswithoutloveforthisgirl:doublenegation.,Quitethecontrary,Ilovedthisgirl.,JustasPygmalionlovedsoIlovedmine:Analogy,comparingmyloveofPollytoPygmalionslovetowardshissculpturework.ItalsoindicatesthatIregardPollyasmypossession;Itakeitforgrantedthatshebelongstome.,（Para22）Hedidnthaveitexactly,butatleasthehadfirstrightsonit.,14,Pygmalion：akingofCyprus（塞浦路斯）,wasafamoussculptor.HemadeabeautifulivorystatueofawomanandgaveitthenameofGalatea（加拉泰亚）,andfellinlovewithit.Athisprayers,Aphroditethegoddessofbeautyandlove（爱神阿芙洛狄忒),gaveitlife.AndGalatea,nowawomaninfleshandblood,becamePygmalionwife.Aphrodite,cametotheirwedding.,希神比哥马利恩(塞浦路斯国王；热恋自己雕的少女像),15,DetailedStudyoftheText,12.“Ibegyourpardon,”saidI.(Para.130)Apoliteformulaofapology,disagreement,etc.Herethenarratorusesthispoliteformulatoexpresshissurpriseanddisbelief.HedidnotknowwhattomakeofPollysanswer.,Asenseofembarrassment,13.Ichuckledwithamusement.Thedearchildhadlearnedherlessonswell.“Mydear,”ISaid,pattingherhandinatolerantmanner,“fivedatesisplenty.Afterall,youdonthavetoeatawholecaketoknowitsgood.”(Para.132),Thisself-conceitedandarrogantfreshmanadoptsaverypatronizing（傲慢的）attitudetowardsPolly.ThisdearlittlegirlhaslearntverywellwhatItaughther.,Hispatronizingnotonlyinspeechandtonebutalsoinaction.Hepattedherhandinsuchawayastoshowthathewastryingtoputupwithsomethinghedidnotespeciallylike.,16,DetailedStudyoftheText,14.“Polly,Iloveyou.Youarethewholeworldtome,andthemoonandthestarsandtheconstellationsofouterspace.Please,mydarling,saythatyouwillgosteadywithme,forifyouwillnot,lifewillbemeaningless.Iwilllanguish.Iwillrefusemymeals.Iwillwanderthefaceoftheearth,ashambling,hollow-eyedhulk.”(Para.135),n.agroupoffixedstarsoftenhavinganame,v.towalkawkwardly,draggingthefeet,n.aheavy,awkwardperson笨重的东西/人；庞然大物,波利，我爱你。你是我的整个世界，我的月亮，我的星星，我的宇宙。亲爱的，请说你要和我坚守在一起吧！不然，我的生活将会失去意义；我将会萎靡不振，茶不思，饭不想；我将成为到处游荡，步履蹒跚，无精打采的躯壳。,17,15.There,Ithought,foldingmyarms,thatoughttodoit.(Para.136)ThisdirectdeclarationofloveshouldmovePollytoacceptmylove.,DetailedStudyoftheText,16.Igroundmyteeth.IwasnotPygmalion;IwasFrankenstein,andmymonsterhadmebythethroat.(Para.138)Igroundmyteeth:anaction,showingextremeexasperation,butstilltryinghardtocontrolhisrisingtemper.,hadsb.bythethroat:attackbyseizingandsqueezingonesthroat,IwasnotPygmalionbythethroat:Thesetwoallusionsarewellchosen.HeplannedtobePygmalion,tofashionanidealwifeforhimself;buthebecameFrankensteinforPolly(hisstudent)ultimatelyrejectedhim(herteacher).,18,Frankenstein：thetitlecharacterinanovelbyShelley.,主人公弗兰肯斯坦是一位从事人的生命科学研究的学者，他力图用人工创造出生命。在他的实验室里，通过无数次的探索，他创造了一个面目可憎，奇丑无比的怪物。开始时，这人造的怪物秉性善良，对人充满了善意和感恩之情。他要求他的创造者和人们给予他人生的种种权利，甚至要求为他创造一个配偶,被主人公拒绝了。但是，当他处处受到他的创造者和人们的嫌恶和岐视时，他感到非常痛苦。他憎恨一切，他想毁灭一切。他杀害了弗兰肯斯坦的弟弟威廉，他又企图谋害弗兰肯斯坦的未婚妻伊丽莎白。弗兰肯斯坦怀着满腔怒火追捕他所创造的恶魔般的怪物。最后，在搏斗中，弗兰肯斯坦和怪物同归于尽。本书揭示了作者的哲学观点。她认为人具有双重性格善与恶。长期受人嫌恶、岐视和迫害会使人变得邪恶而干出种种坏事，甚至发展到不可收拾的地步。,P-78,Nowthewordoftenreferstoanagencyoracreatesthatslipsfromthecontrolofandultimatelydestroysitscreator.,新的单词Frankenstein：一个最终毁了它的创造者的东西。,19,DetailedStudyoftheText,17.FranticallyIfoughtbackthetideofpanicsurgingthroughme.AtallcostsIhadtokeepcool.(Para.138),DesperatelyItriedtostopthefeelingofpanicthatwasoverwhelmingme.Itried,byeverymeanspossible,tokeepcalm.,18.Idashedperspirationfrommybrow.“Polly,”Icroaked,“youmustnttakeallthesethingssoliterally.Imeanthisisjustclassroomstuff.Youknowthatthethingsyoulearninschooldonthaveanythingtodowithlife.”(Para.145),exasperation,desperation,HeismakingalastattempttowinPollyslove.“Polly,youmustnttakeallthelogicalfallaciesItaughtyouseriouslyasrealfacts.,20,DetailedStudyoftheText,Whydoesthenarratorarguethat“thethingsyoulearninschooldonthaveanythingtodowithlife”?Doyouagree?,?,AfinaldesperateattempttomakePollyforgetthefallacieshetaughther.HemightyetbeabletoconvincePollythathelovesherandthatsheshouldgosteadywithhim.Youknowthatthe(foolishandworthless)thingsyoulearninschoolhavenorealuseinlife.,21,DetailedStudyoftheText,19.Thatdidit.Ileapedtomyfeet,bellowinglikeabull.“Willyouorwillyounotgosteadywithme?”(Para.147)“That”referstowhathasgonebeforeand“it”referstotheresultorconsequencebroughtaboutby“that”.Inthecontext,“that”referstoPollyslastanswerand“it”tohislossoftemper,“bellowinglikeabull.”,Thatwasthefinalstraw.Thatmademelosemypatience.,Simile,comparinghisangryshoutstothebellowingofabull.IgotsoangrythatIjumpedtomyfeetandshouted.,22,20.Ireeledback,overcomewiththeinfamyofit.(Para.151),Istaggeredback,overcomebythegreatwickednessofPeteystraitorousact.,21.Afterhepromised,afterhemadeadeal,afterheshookmyhand!“Therat!Ishrieked,kickingupgreatchunksofturf.“Youcantgowithhim,Polly.Hesaliar.Hesacheat.Hesarat.”(Para.151)shookmyhand:Theshakingofhandsconcludesorsealsabargain.Itisthefinalacttoshowthatthedealismade.Afterhemademyhand:Ellipsis.Hedidhistraitorousactafterhepromised.,DetailedStudyoftheText,metaphor,comparingPeteytoarat.“Rat”(Americanslang)isusedfordescribingasneaky,contemptiblepersonwhodesertsorbetraysacauseorafriend.,TheparallelsentencesshowthenarratorsrageoverPeteysbetrayal.,23,DetailedStudyoftheText,22.Lookatmeabrilliantstudent,atremendousintellectual,amanwithanassuredfuture.LookatPeteyaknot-head,ajitterbug,aguywhollneverknowwherehisnextmealiscomingfrom.(Para.153),asafeandsecurefuture,anincompetentorstupidperson.,referringtoanemotionallyunstableperson,Antithesis.“Brilliant,intellectualandassured”arebalancedagainst“knot-headed,jitterbugandneverknowwherehisnextmealiscomingfrom”.,24,TheEnding,“CanyougivemeonelogicalreasonwhyyoushouldgosteadywithPeteyBurch?”“Icertainlycan,”declaredPolly.“Hesgotaraccooncoat.”,Itshowsthattheboysassumptionofwhathist