教师版 任务型阅读专项训练.doc

.华罗庚中学任务型阅读专题教学案Step 1 Types of Task-based reading 见考试说明Step 2 Methods of Task-based reading1. 观察表格，判断词性和搭配2. 寻找出处，对号入座3. 整合信息，分析归纳4. 判断用词，准确表达5. 通观全文，复读检查Have you ever been so absorbed in a conversation at a party that you failed to notice that someone new is standing only six inches away from you, trying to get your attention? Its possible that you were so distracted that you didnt notice someone approaching you. But its also entirely likely that you were experiencing change blindness.Change blindness is a phenomenon that occurs when a person is unable to notice visual changes in their environment, despite the fact that they are often rather obvious. In cases of change blindness, the person isnt failing to notice small or insignificant changes, but will probably miss big changes, like someone standing next to them waving their hand.Early experiments with change blindness focused largely on memory and perception when viewing pictures. For example, a person might be shown a photograph of a street scene in Egypt and told to memorize the image. Following that, they would be shown the same picture with certain elements added or taken away and asked to identify whats different. Very often the individual could recall the larger aspects of the picture but couldnt recognize the smaller changes.In the 1990s, researcher Daniel Simons conducted a fascinating study into change blindness that many people find unbelievable. In Simons study, he asked participants to watch a video of a basketball being passed around between several people, with a particular focus on the basketball itself. When the experiment was over, Simons found that a large number of participants were so focused on watching the basketball being passed around that they failed to notice a man in a gorilla suit jumping around in front of the camera.Its important to note that the change in Simons video wasnt subtle; the gorilla is very obviously taking up much of the frame. Simons concluded that participants were experiencing inattentional blindness, which is when a person fails to notice a major change because they are so focused on another task. In this case, because participants were asked to focus on the movement of the basketball, their brains prioritized that task in order to do it properly, thereby missing the other things happening in the video. In the case of Simons study, participants engaged whats referred to as attentional selection, which is when a person selects certain things to focus on in order to achieve a task and filters out anything that is unrelated to the objective.There are a number of theories about what causes a persons inability to recognize obvious changes in their environment, but most agree that the phenomenon is related to sensory processing. Broadly speaking, our brains have a limited capacity to detect and process everything in our environment. Instead, what the brain does is choose certain things to process, evaluate, and store, which allows other things to be missed or filtered out. In simple terms, change blindness has a great deal to do with where a person directs their attention. In the case of the gorilla and the basketball, people focused their attention almost exclusively on one thing, which caused them to miss other elements or changes. Given that attention is often at the root of change blindness, a persons age or mental and physical health can influence how well they will notice changes in stimuli.Step 3 Before reading 观察表格，判断词性和搭配（填出两类答案：左边：总结概括词 右边：固定搭配）Change Blindness1. _ of change blindnessChange blindness is a surprising perceptual phenomenon that occurs when a person recognizes minor changes in scenes while large changes go 2. _. Experiments with change blindness The main 3. _ of early experiments was memory and perception. Individuals were found to be 4. _ at recalling the smaller details in the same picture previously shown to them. Research in the 1990s In Simons study, participants were asked to pay special attention to the 5. _ basketball, during which time a man wearing a gorilla suit unexpectedly walked through the scene. Contrary to popular belief, with their attention fixed on the basketball, many participants reported that the “gorilla” 6. _ their notice. It is concluded that participants fail to recognize something big but unrelated to the objective when their brains are programmed to consider some task as a top 7. _. 8. _ of change blindness The brain makes 9. _ about what to be dealt with because of its limited capacity. Although attention is closely 10. _ to change blindness, age and health are other factors that play a role. Step 4 While reading . 寻找出处，对号入座New research says 35 percent of child deaths worldwide are caused by hunger. The research comes from poor to middle-income countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Title: A new researchTheme _ is childrens biggest killer. 整合信息，分析归纳Practice 1: Part of speech/ formation词性/词形转换 Be responsible for your own learning. Take _ for ones own learning. The fourth step is to summarize what youve heard. Give a _ of what the person has said. Without vitamin B, we could be weak and would not grow fast. The problems caused by lack of vitamin B are _ and slow growth. Practice 2: Synonym and antonym同义词和反义词转换 Understanding is usually achieved and a difficult person becomes less difficult and more cooperative. A difficult person will be _ to cooperate with if understanding is achieved. A growing number of parents are travelling abroad with kids. There is an _ number of families travelling abroad with kids. Children act more like adults than they used to. Children today _ as if they were adults. Practice 3: Prefix and suffix前缀和后缀转换 Many people lost their houses. Many people became _. Floating garbage, old tires, pieces of paper, pop cans and bottles are not pleasant to look at. It can be _ to look at but easy to clean and prevent. The lady was not happy. The lady was _. Practice 4: Sentence structure句子结构转换 69% of the people who are involved in the survey are strongly in favor of the holiday proposal. 69% of the people _ in the survey are strongly in favor of the holiday proposal. If you compare this bag with others, youll find it is of high quality. _ this bag with others, youll find it is of high quality. In most countries, an exchange of business cards is necessary for all introductions. Exchanging business cards when _ yourself.Practice 5: Paraphrase信息释义 He finally managed to find an apartment near his office. He finally _ in finding an apartment near his office. Change blindness is a phenomenon that occurs when a person is unable to notice visual changes in his/her environment, despite the fact that he/she is often rather obvious. Change blindness is a surprising perceptual phenomenon that occurs when a person recognizes minor changes in scenes while large changes go _. In Simons study, he asked participants to watch a video of a basketball being passed around between several people, with a particular focus on the basketball itself. In Simons study, participants were asked to pay special attention to the _ basketball, during which time a man wearing a gorilla suit unexpectedly walked through the scene. . 判断用词，准确表达1. 信息归纳题归纳词的特征： 常用高频词汇总结 Title: Change Blindness_ of change blindnessChange blindness is a surprising perceptual phenomenon that occurs when a person recognizes minor changes in scenes while large changes go 表定义：常用高频词汇总结 Because six out of every 10 accidental deaths happen to Chinese children who are playing, Shanghai Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical (SJJP), a US-based pharmaceutical giant, is working on a Safe Kids Program to prevent injuries and deaths. Title: Safe kids program_The programme is intended to prevent accidental injuries and deaths.表意图、目的：常用高频词汇总结 Most scientists are now certain that global warming is taking place. Gases such as carbon dioxide produced by burning of coal, oil, wood, together with industrial pollution, are creating a warm blanket around the earth. This blanket is trapping heat in the atmosphere and so raising the temperature of the earth. Title: Global warming_Gases from burning coal, oil, and wood with industrial pollution. 表原因：表结果：常用高频词汇总结 Cathy Moulton from Diabetes UK suggests that people with diabetes do a minimum of 30 minutes of appropriate physical activity on at least five days of the week. Title: Tai Chi helps control diabetesCathy Moultons _For five days a week, people with diabetes should do at least 30 minutes physical activity. 表建议：常用高频词汇总结 Doctor Black He says the studies show that food programs need to place the greatest importance on the first two years of life. It is high time their diets were improved. Diets should include foods rich in vitamin A and other useful vitamins and minerals. The researchers say early help such as this could reduce child deaths by 25%. Title: A new research The _ to save children Diets should be improved. Diets should contain food with rich vitamins and minerals. 表方式、方法：常用高频词汇总结 Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the inhabitants of a country. If tourists create too much traffic, the inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely. Advantages Developing economy Keep the Advancing of local people Increase employment_ Having a bad effect on other Bringing over crowdedness Increase pressure on traffic表比较：常用信息归纳词汇结论conclusion(s)/summary目的方式，方法解决方法重要性significance(s)/importance(s)/meaning(s)观点，态度opinion(s) /view(s) /attitude(s)建议主题theme(s)/topic(s)/subject(s)措施，行动measure(s)/step(s)/action定义强弱优劣因果异同difference(s), similarity(ies)乐观与悲观optimistic/pessimistic; optimism/pessimismStep 5 Reading strategy排列正确的顺序定位信息；分析表格；分析整合信息；选择合适词汇表达；理解文章_Step 6 After reading通观全文，复读检查大小写要区分；字母书写要规范单词有无拼写错误表达形式(单复数；词性；时态；语态)是否符合要求字迹要清楚端正！卷面要整洁！Step 7 SummarySix steps of doing Task-based reading: Have an overall understanding of the passage. Find out the key information. Identify and underline the possible words or phrases. Infer from these words and phrases. Make a choice of the words. Make sure to use the correct forms.华罗庚中学任务型阅读专题训练一-任务型阅读高频词汇拼写训练A. 常用名词;.1. 介绍、引入、导入_introduction to2. 定义_definition_3. 概念_concept_4. 主题、话题_topic; theme; subject_5. 标题_title_6. 原因_cause_ of_reason_for7. 借口_ excuse _8. 结果，影响，效果have_effects/influences/impacts_on9. 过程_in the process of _ 10. 程序；手续； _procedure_11. 步骤_step_12. 结局，后果as a result/consequence_; the outcome of13. 进展.发展_ development _14. 线索_clue_15. 证据;迹象_evidence_、proof_16. 说明，指令，指示_instruction_17. 联系，连接_ connection _18. 结论_ conclusion _19. 判断(力) _ judgment _20. 分析_ analysis _21. 解释，说明_ explanation _22. 比较_ comparison _23. 例子_ example /instance_24. 样品_ sample _25. 论点，要点_ point _26. 焦点_ focus _27. 议论，论据，理由_ argument _28. 解决办法，答案_ solution/approach to doingWays/methods/means of doingWays/how to do29. 措施；方法; 办法_measures/steps/action_（taken）30. 描述_ description _31. 事实_ fact _32. 节目单，议程，计划日程_ program(me)_33. 议程；日常工作事项 _agenda_34. 日常工作；惯例；常规_routine_35. 进步_ progress _36. 提议，建议_ proposal _37. 建议_ suggestions/tips/advice on_38. 比例_ proportion _39. 口信，短信，旨意_ message _40. 信息，消息_ information41. 材料，素材_ material42. 细节，详情 in _ detail _43. 目的，意图_ purpose _44. 意图，打算_intention_45. 目的，目标_ goal /target/aim_46. 优势，长处，有利条件_ advantage _47. 利益；好处 _benefits_48. 不利条件_ disadvantage /shortcomings/drawbacks/_49. 优缺点strengths and weaknesses、advantages and disadvantages50. 设备_ equipment /facilities_51. 器材_instrument_52. 形势，局势_ situation _53. 条件，状况，形势_ condition _54. 观点，见解_ view _55. 意见；_viewpoints/ opinions/views_56. 态度_attitude_toward57. 目的地_destination_58. 路线，航线_route_59. 过程，经过.课程 in the _course_ of60. 科目，学科_subject_61. 方向in the _direction_ of 62. 用法，指示，说明书_directions_63. 数目_number_64. 数字，形状，图形_figure_65. 组织_organization_66. 结构，构造_structure_67. 功能_function_68. 原理，原则_principle_69. 团体，机构_institute_70. 通知，公告_announcement_71. 特征_features_72. 计量_measurement_73. 状态，形态_state_74. 形状_shape_75. 大小，尺寸，型号_size_ 76. 高度_ height _77. 重量_weight_78. 长度_length_79. 宽度_width_80. 深度_depth_81. 数量_ amount(quantity)_82. 质量_quality_83. 类型，种类_type, variety, sort, kind_84. 分类；等级；范畴 _category/classification_85. 形式_form86. 风格，款式，式样_style_ 87. 民族，国籍_ nationality _88. 性别_sex_89. 男性_male_90. 女性_female_91. 职业，工作_ occupation/job/ profession_92. 地址_address_93. 位置，场所，方位_location_94. 位置，方位，地位，身份，职位_position_95. 职员_staff_96. 场面，现场 scene_97. 场所，地点on the _spot_98. 气候_climate_99. 周围环境_surroundings_100. 风景，景色_scenery_101. 风景，地貌_landscape_ 102. 兴趣_interest_103. 业余爱好_hobbies_104. 偏爱(物)，喜好_preference_for 105. 感觉，感受，意识_sense_106. 感觉，感情_feeling_107. 情感，爱情_affection_for108. 情绪，情感_emotion_109. 激情，热情_passion_110. 期待，希望_expectation_111. 举止，行为，习惯_behavior_112. 自然，天性，本性，性质_nature_113. 性格_character_114. 个性；品格_personality_115. 特征_characteristic_116. 回忆，往事_memories_117. 度数，程度，等级学位_degree_118. 年级，成绩，评语_grade_119. 分数，成绩_mark_120. 内容，目录_content_121. 项目，条目_items_122. 经历，经验_experience_123. 时代，时期_ times(ages)_124. (一段)时期，时间_ period _125. 合作者，伙伴_partner_合作关系_ partnership126. 亲戚，亲属_relative_127. 勇气，胆量_courage_128. 压力_pressure_129. 灰心，气馁_discouragement_130. 发现，被发现之事_discovery_131. 发明；发明物_invention_ 132. 供应(品)_supplies_133. 提供，出价_offers_134. 收入_income_135. 开支，开销，花费_expense_136. 出口(商品)_ export(s)_137. 进口(商品) _ import(s)_138. 税率，费率_rate_139. 税_tax_140. 价格_price_141. 代价，价格，成本_ cost(s)_142. 利润make_profit_143. 亏损_loss_144. 产品，产量_product_145. 农产品 _produce_146. 生产，产品_production_147. 消费_consumption_148. 消费者_consumer_149. 顾客_customer_150. 投诉者_complainant_151. 要求_ demand _152. 投诉_ complaints _153. 冲突，矛盾_ conflict _154. 解决_ settlement _155. 处理，治疗_ treatment _156. 重大事件_events_157. 意义_significance_158. 成就_achievement_159. 差异_difference_160. 相似，相同_similarity_161. 一致_agreement_162. 分歧_disagreement_163. 用法_usage_164. 使用_use/employ_165. 注意(事项)_caution_166. 回答，回复_reply、answer_167. 响应；回应in _response/reaction_ to168. 能力_ability_169. 可能性_ possibility _170. 尝试_attempt_171. 试验_experiment_on/with172. (实验)结果_findings/results_173. (实验)人员_participants_174. (实验)主题（对象）_subject_175. 结论_conclusion_176. 概要_summary_177. 调查_research/investigation_178. 研究_study/research_179. 问卷调查_survey/questionnaire_180. 平均数on (the/an) _average_181. 总计，总数in _total_182. 速度at the _speed_ of183. 频率_frequency_184. 灾难_disaster_185. 幸存者_survivor_186. 营救，救助_rescue_187. 预防(方案) _prevention_188. 损失，损害_damages_